Response surface methodology approach for the optimisation of adsorption of hydrolysed polyacrylamide from polymer-flooding wastewater onto steel slag: a good option of waste mitigation

Wastewater produced from polymer flooding in oil production features high viscosity and chemical oxygen demand because of the residue of high-concentration polymer hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In this study, steel slag, a waste from steel manufacturing, was studied as a low-cost adsorbent for HPAM in wastewater. Optimisation of HPAM adsorption by steel slag was performed with a central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 89.31% was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, contact time of 95.4 min and pH of 5.6. These data were strongly correlated with the experimental values of the RSM model. Single and interactive effect analysis showed that HPAM removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. Efficiency increased when pH was increased from 2.6 to 5.6 and subsequently decreased from 5.6 to 9.3. It was observed that removal efficiency significantly increased (from 0% to 86.1%) at the initial stage (from 0 min to 60 min) and increased gradually after 60 min with an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, pH of 5.6. The adsorption kinetics was well correlated with the pseudo-second-order equation. Removal of HPAM from the studied water samples indicated that steel slag can be utilised for the pre-treatment of polymer-flooding wastewater.

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Optimization and Modeling of Microcystin-LR Degradation by TiO2 Photocatalyst Using Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v5i3.4278 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Negar Jafari ◽

Afshin Ebrahimi ◽

Karim Ebrahimpour ◽

Ali Abdolahnejad

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

High Performance ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Maximum Removal

Introduction: Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin with harmful effects on the liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. So, effective removal of MC-LR from water resources is of great importance. The aim of this study was to remove microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Materials and Methods: In the present study, TiO2, as a semiconductor, was used for photodegradation of MC-LR under ultraviolet light (UV). The Response Surface Methodology was applied to investigate the effects of operating variables such as pH (A), contact time (B), and catalyst dose (B) on the removal of MC-LR. The MC-LR concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The results showed that single variables such as A, B, and C had significant effects on MC-LR removal (pvalue < 0.05). In other words, increase of the contact time and catalyst dose had a positive effect on enhancing the removal efficiency of MC-LR, but the effect of pH was negative. The analysis of variance showed that BC, A2, and C2 variables had a significant effect on the MC-LR removal (pvalue < 0.05). Finally, the maximum removal efficiency of MC-LR was 95.1%, which occurred at pH = 5, contact time = 30 minutes, and catalyst dose = 1 g/l. Conclusion: According to the findings, TiO2, as a photocatalyst, had an appropriate effect on degradation of the MC-LR.

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Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation Process of Landfill Leachate by Tin (IV) Chloride Using Response Surface Methodology

Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering ◽

10.34172/ajehe.2019.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Aziz Hamidi ◽

Syed Zainal Sharifah Farah Fariza ◽

Alazaiza Motasem Y.D

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Flocculation Process ◽

Maximum Removal

Landfill leachate is highly polluted and generated as a result of water infiltration through solid waste produced domestically and industrially. This study investigated the applicability of the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the removal performances of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and suspended solids (SS) from landfill leachate by coagulation process using Tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The leachate samples were collected from Alor Pongsu Landfill (APLS) in Perak, Malaysia. Before starting the experiments, general characterization was carried out for raw leachate samples to investigate their physical and chemical properties. The effects of the dosage and pH of SnCl4 on the removal performances were evaluated as well. An ideal experimental design was performed based on the central composite design (CCD) by RSM. In addition, this RSM was used to evaluate the effects of process variables and their interaction toward the attainment of their optimum conditions. The statistical design of the experiments and data analysis was resolved using the Design-Expert software. Further, the range of coagulant dosage and pH was selected based on a batch study which was conducted at 13000 mg/L to 17000 mg/L of SnCl4 and pH ranged from 6 to 10. The results showed that the optimum pH and dosage of SnCl4 were 7.17 and 15 g/L, respectively, where the maximum removal efficiency was 67.7% for COD and 100% for color and SS. The results were in agreement with the experimental data with a maximum removal efficiency of 67.84 %, 98.6 %, and 99.3%, for COD, color, and SS, respectively. Overall, this study verified that the RSM method was viable for optimizing the operational condition of the coagulation-flocculation process.

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ADSORPTION OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE USING SPENT COFFEE GROUND BIOCHAR: OPTIMISATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Mardawani Mohamad ◽

Rizki Wannahari ◽

Rosmawani Mohammad ◽

Noor Fazliani Shoparwe ◽

Kwan Wei Lun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Response Surface ◽

Malachite Green ◽

Contact Time ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

Spent Coffee Ground ◽

Coffee Ground

Used coffee grounds usually end up as landfill. However, the unique structural properties of its porous surface make coffee grounds can be transformed into biochar and performed as an alternative low cost adsorbent. Malachite green (MG) is a readily water soluble dye which is used extensively in textile and aquaculture industries. The mordant complex structures of MG generate destructive effects to animals and environment. In this study, adsorption of malachite green using spent coffee ground biochar as adsorbent was investigated. The experiments were designed in two methods: classical and optimisation by response surface methodology. Three parameters were studied, which are adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH while the responses in this study are malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g). Optimisation studies were performed using response surface methodology. Quadratic model was chosen for both response and studied using central composite design. The correlation coefficient, R2 for the quadratic model of malachite green removal (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/g) were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. The optimum malachite green removal (%) predicted was found at 99.27%, by using 0.12 g of adsorbent dosage, 43.05 minutes of contact time and pH of 9.45 at desirability of 1.0. The optimum adsorption capacity (mg/g) predicted was found at 118.01 mg/g, by using 0.02 g of adsorbent dosage, 60 minutes of contact time and pH of 10.24 at desirability of 0.98. So, it was concluded that the spent coffee ground biochar can be used as an effective adsorbent for malachite green removal from aqueous solution.

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Response surface methodology, modeling to improve mercury removal from aqueous solutions using L-Cysteine functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Response Surface ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Mercury Concentration ◽

Contact Time ◽

Mercury Removal ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mercury removal from aqueous solutions by using L-Cysteine functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes. The effect of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and mercury concentration in removal efficiency was evaluated. Multi -walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with L-cysteine. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum process parameters. The results showed that an increase in contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage resulted in an increase of the adsorption rate. However, removal efficiency decreases by increasing mercury concentration. The highest and lowest removal efficiencies of mercury were 89% and 17%, respectively. The maximum adsorption rate was occurring at 120 min. It is concluded that L-Cysteine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is an effective adsorbent for removal from aqueous solutions.

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Response Surface Methodology as a Tool to Study the Removal of Amido Black Dye from Aqueous Solution using Anionic Clay Hydrotalcite

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v7i1.9424 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Yamin Yasin ◽

Nur Syahirah Abdul Latif ◽

Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Contact Time ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Anionic Clay ◽

Amido Black ◽

Optimization Parameters

Anionic clay hydrotalcite was used as an adsorbent to remove amido black dye from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, four-variable Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of various optimization parameters. The parameters were contact time (6-10 hrs), solution pH (4-8), adsorbent dosage (200-600 mg) and dye concentration (50-100 mg/I). Simultaneously increasing contact time, initial concentration and amount of adsorbent dosage increased the quantity of amido black dye removed. The optimum conditions derived via RSM for the reaction were a reaction time of 8.48 hrs, a concentration of 58. 09 mg/I, an adsorbent dosage of 431. 2 4 mg/L and a solution pH of 6.27. The experimental percentage removal was 85.55 % under optimum conditions, which compares well with the maximum predicted value of 87.95 %.

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Enhancing the Decolorization of Methylene Blue Using a Low-Cost Super-Absorbent Aided by Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4430

Author(s):

Nor Hakimin Abdullah ◽

Mazlan Mohamed ◽

Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽

Azwan Mat Lazim ◽

Ahmad Zamani Abdul Halim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Response Surface ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Oil Palm Trunk

The presence of organic dyes from industrial wastewater can cause pollution and exacerbate environmental problems; therefore, in the present work, activated carbon was synthesized from locally available oil palm trunk (OPT) biomass as a low-cost adsorbent to remove synthetic dye from aqueous media. The physical properties of the synthesized oil palm trunk activated carbon (OPTAC) were analyzed by SEM, FTIR-ATR, and XRD. The concurrent effects of the process variables (adsorbent dosage (g), methylene blue (MB) concentration (mg/L), and contact time (h)) on the MB removal percentage from aqueous solution were studied using a three-factor three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), followed by the optimization of MB adsorption using OPTAC as the adsorbent. Based on the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the three parameters considered, adsorbent dosage (X1) is the most crucial parameter, with an F-value of 1857.43, followed by MB concentration (X2) and contact time (X3) with the F-values of 95.60 and 29.48, respectively. Furthermore, the highest MB removal efficiency of 97.9% was achieved at the optimum X1, X2, and X3 of 1.5 g, 200 mg/L, and 2 h, respectively.

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Optimization of Crude Oil Biodegradation of Fungi Isolated from Refinery Effluent Site using Response Surface Methodology

Nigerian Journal of Technological Development ◽

10.4314/njtd.v17i4.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 257-268

Author(s):

U.C. Odili ◽

F.B. Ibrahim ◽

E.M. Shaibu-modagbe ◽

H.I. Atta

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Response Surface ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Oil Removal ◽

Refinery Effluent ◽

Response Surface Optimization ◽

Crude Oil Removal

The activities involved in the production and exploration of crude oil has constantly polluted the environment. This study investigated the ability of an indigenous fungus to utilize petroleum hydrocarbon. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the effects of pH, microbial concentration (spores/ml), and contact time (days) on the crude oil removal efficiency in refinery effluent. Monocillium sp. was isolated and used for the treatment of refinery effluent due to its predominance in the contaminated soil. Twenty experimental runs were analyzed to determine the effect of pH, microbial concentration and contact time on the oil removal efficiency. From theexperimental results obtained, a maximum oil removal efficiency of 98.42 % was achieved at a pH of 6.5, contact time of 14 days, and a microbial concentration of 3 spores/ml. The results obtained showed the percentage of crude oil removal in the effluent sample increased with an increase in time. Optimization of the experimental result was achieved at a removal efficiency of 98.59 %, a contact time of 13.96 days, a pH of 6.85, and a microbial concentration of 3.01 spores/ml. The findings of this study revealed that Monocillium sp. is a viable hydrocarbon degrader, and can be used in the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated environments. Keywords: Response surface, optimization, bioremediation, hydrocarbon, removal efficiency, Monocillium sp.

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Response Surface Methodology as a Tool to Study the Removal of Amido Black Dye from Aqueous Solution using Anionic Clay Hydrotalcite

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v7i1.5011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Yamin Yasin ◽

Nur Syahirah Abdul Latif ◽

Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Contact Time ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Anionic Clay ◽

Amido Black ◽

Optimization Parameters

Anionic clay hydrotalcite was used as an adsorbent to remove amido black dye from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a jive-level, four-variable Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employedto evaluate the interactive effects ofvarious optimization parameters. The parameters were contact time (6-10 hrs), solution pH (4-8), adsorbent dosage (200-600 mg) and dye concentration (50-100 mg//). Simultaneously increasing contact time, initial concentration and amount ofadsorbent dosage increased the quantity ofamido black dye removed. The optimum conditions derived via RSM for the reaction were a reaction time of 8.48 hrs, a concentration of58.09 mg/l, an adsorbent dosage of431.24 mg/L anda solution pHof6.27. The experimental percentage removal was 85.55 % under optimum conditions, which compares well with the maximum predicted value of 87.95 %.

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Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using industrial by-product: Sorption behavior of steel slag for metal-rich mine water

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002870 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Acid Mine Drainage ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Sorption Behavior ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Acid Mine

This study highlights the potential of steel slag, which is an industrial by-product of steel making industry as treatment media for metal-rich acid mine drainage (AMD). A series of batch adsorption studies has been done to demonstrate the effects of contact time, solution pH, initial concentration of metal, adsorbent dosage and size, and the effect of competing ions on the performance of steel slag. Results indicated that metal removal efficiencies were found to be >90% when pH of AMD has reached near-neutral state (6.8-7.5) that were mostly occurring within the first 14 hours of contact time. Optimum equilibrium time was found at 24 hours, i.e. 99-100% of metals were removed. An increased adsorption capacity with decreased removal efficiency was observed as initial metal concentration increased. In contrast, increasing adsorbent dosage leads to increased removal efficiency. Fe was not affected despite the presence of other metal ions (100% removal) compared to Mn (59.3% removal) in mixed AMD solution. Adsorption behavior of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn fits appropriately with Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity of 1.06, 1.03, 0.97 and 0.73 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and is supported by intra-particle diffusion process. Therefore, steel slag can be potentially used as an effective media for passive AMD remediation.

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Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of naproxen from aqueous solutions with UV/ZnO process: Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002841 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Order Model ◽

First Order ◽

Concentration Time ◽

Central Composite

The aim of this study was to optimize the removal of Naproxen (NPX) by the UV/ZnO photocatalytic process using response surface methodology based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The effect of parameters such as ZnO concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and initial NPX concentration were studied. The ANOVA results indicated high coefficient values of adjusted R2 (0.9843) and predicted R2 (0.9695). The quadratic model with the highest R-squared designation was chosen to predict the NPX removal efficiency of the UV/ZnO process. Under optimal conditions that include an optimum initial NPX concentration of 21.59 mg/L, ZnO concentration of 371.15 mg/L, contact time of 73.92 min, pH of 6.87, and temperature of 24.35°C, a NPX removal efficiency value of 71.19% was obtained. The results show that the removal of NPX is most affected by the variables- initial NPX concentration, time, pH, and ZnO concentration, respectively, but temperature as a variable does not have a significant effect on the efficiency of the process. Moreover, the NPX photodegradation kinetics can be explained through the pseudo-first-order model. The UV/ZnO photocatalytic method has high potential for the removal of NPX, and that CCD is an appropriate method to optimize the operating conditions for NPX photodegradation.

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