scholarly journals The importance of surface functional groups in the adsorption of copper onto walnut shell derived activated carbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3022-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzhen Xie ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Wenju Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Copper Uptake ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Copper Adsorption

Abstract In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation. The surface chemistry of the prepared AC was modified by introducing or blocking certain functional groups, and the role of the different functional groups involved in the copper uptake was investigated. The structural and chemical heterogeneity of the produced carbons are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Boehm titration method and N2/77 K adsorption isotherm analysis. The equilibrium and the kinetics of copper adsorption onto AC were studied. The results demonstrated that the functional groups on AC played an important role in copper uptake. Among various surface functional groups, the oxygen-containing group was found to play a critical role in the copper uptake, and oxidation is the most effective way to improve Cu (II) adsorption onto AC. Ion-exchange was identified to be the dominant mechanism in the copper uptake by AC. Some other types of interactions, like complexation, were also proven to be involved in the adsorption process, while physical force was found to play a small role in the copper uptake. The regeneration of copper-loaded AC and the recovery of copper were also studied to evaluate the reusability of the oxidized AC.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers from liquefied wood by KOH activation

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Huang ◽  
Guangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquefied Wood

Abstract Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been prepared from liquefied wood (Wliq) by chemical activation with KOH, with a particular focus on the effect of KOH/fiber ratio in term of porous texture and surface chemistry. ACFs based on steam activation served as a blank for comparison. The properties of the ACFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the KOH-activated ACFs have rougher surfaces and more amorphous structure compared with the blank. The pore development was significant when the KOH/fiber ratio reached 3, and achieved a maximum Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1371 m2 g-1 and total pore volume (Vtot) of 0.777 cm3 g-1, of which 45.3% belong to mesopores with diameters of 2–4 nm, while the blank activated at the same temperature had a BET surface of 1250 m2 g-1 and Vtot of 0.644 cm3 g-1, which are mainly micropores. The surface functional groups are closely associated with the KOH/fiber ratios. KOH-activated ACFs with KOH/fiber ratio of 3 have more oxygenated surface functional groups (C-O, C=O, -COOH) than the blank.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Adsorption Capacity of Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone and Betel nut using Phosphoric Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

 This paper presents the comparative study on the adsorption capacity of activated carbons prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) seed stone and Betel (Areca catechu) nut. Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from Lapsi seed stone (LSS) and Betel Nut (BN) by chemical activation with H3PO4 (in the ratio of 1:1 by weight) at 400°C. The pore structure of activated carbons was determined by iodine number and methylene blue number. Surface morphology of ACs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). As indicated by TGA analysis, the appropriate temperature required for carbonization was 400 ºC. Betel nut AC showed high iodine number and methylene number of 888 mg/gm and 369 mg/gm respectively. SEM micrographs of Betel nut AC show the presence of well developed pores on its surface. FTIR result indicated that both ACs contain −OH, >C=O groups as oxygen containing surface functional groups. Based on the result, the AC prepared from betel nut by activation with H3PO4 is comparable with commercial activated carbon and could be used as potential adsorbent for removal of pollutants from water and waste water.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 153-159

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

Surface Oxidation Modification and Performance of Activated Carbon Electrode Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3456-3458
Author(s):  
Ren Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Gen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Constant Current Charge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors

Superscript text Commercial activated carbon was modified by surface treatment using nitric acid, The modified carbons were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The resultant carbon electrode-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)were assembled with 1 mol/L （NH4）2SO4 as the electrolyte. The influence of introduced functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, on the performance of EDLCs was studied by Constant current charge-discharge. These functional groups significantly improved the wettability of AC. As a result, the specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 40wt.%HNO3 achieved a specific capacitance of 223.45 F/g at a current density of 5mA/cm2, which is 100.9% higher than that of original AC.

Oxidation of activated carbon by hydrogen peroxide. Study of surface functional groups by FT-i.r.

Fuel ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
V GOMEZSERRANO ◽  
M ACEDORAMOS ◽  
A LOPEZPEINADO ◽  
C VALENZUELACALAHORRO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Surface Functional Groups

scholarly journals Isotherm models and kinetics of copper adsorption by using hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of faecal sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Krailak Fakkaew ◽  
Nutnicha Tajai ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Low cost adsorbents have been extensively reported for use as a promising substitution for commercial adsorbents for pollutant removal in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, hydrochar produced from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of faecal sludge (FS) (called HTC-hydrochar) was further chemically modified with KOH (called KOH-hydrochar) to improve its surface functional groups, which were suitable for copper (Cu) removal. The adsorption of Cu was conducted using the produced HTC-hydrochar and KOH-hydrochar as absorbents. Experimental results showed the KOH-hydrochar could adsorb Cu at the maximum adsorption capacity of 18.6 mg-Cu/g-hydrochar with Cu removal efficiency of 93%, relatively higher than the HTC-hydrochar and a commercial powdered activated carbon. The quantity of the surface functional groups of the adsorbents was more effective in Cu removal than the surface area. The Cu adsorption mechanism was found to follow the pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models and fit well with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Application of hydrothermal carbonization could be a novel candidate to convert FS into hydrochar which is pathogen free, and to employ the produced hydrochar as an adsorbent to remove Cu from industrial wastewaters.

Carbon Consumption and Adsorption-Regeneration of H2S on Activated Carbon for Coke Oven Flue Gas Purification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Lin ◽  
Yuran Li ◽  
Zhicheng Xu ◽  
Junxiang Guo ◽  
Tingyu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Carbon Consumption ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract Carbon consumption of activated carbon varies with the sulfur-containing products. In this work, differential thermogravimetric (DTG), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to reveal the adsorption-regeneration process of H 2 S and the effect of adsorption products on carbon consumption. H 2 S reacts with the C=C bond to form C-S bond as an intermediate state, followed by the formation of elemental sulfur. It directly sublimates at approximately 380 °C , about 30 °C higher than the decomposition temperature of H 2 SO 4 . In the thermal regeneration process, the elemental sulfur in the form of monoclinic sulfur (S 8 ) first breaks into infinitely long chain molecules (S ∞ ) and then into small molecules, finally into sulfur vapor. The desorption of elemental sulfur consumes less oxygen and carbon functional groups, reducing the chemical carbon consumption by 59.8% than H 2 SO 4 . The compressive strength reduces less due to its slight effect on the disordered graphitic structure. H 2 S also reacts with the C=O bond to form H 2 SO 3 or H 2 SO 4 . The desorption of H 2 SO 3 does not require carbon consumption. The decomposition of H 2 SO 4 needs to react with C=C bond to release SO 2 , CO 2 , and CO, and the compressive strength of activated carbon significantly decreases. The carbon consumption originates from two aspects, the one from the regeneration of sulfur-containing products is more than twice of the other one from the decomposition of oxygen-containing functional groups.

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