scholarly journals Comparative study for designing the horizontal thrust blocks in pipelines for water and sewage networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama S. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Horizontal Thrust ◽  
Bend Angles ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Block Dimensions

Abstract The thrust block is one of the most widely recognized methods of resisting thrust forces. This type of infrastructure should be installed in bends, dead ends, tees and wyes. Thrust blocks perform the function of transferring thrust force to the ground safely. Thrust block dimensions are designed based on hydrostatic pressures, bend angles, and soil properties in the surrounding area. Several codes exist for designing thrust blocks, but we focus on Egyptian code for design and implementation of pipelines for drinking water and sewage networks (ECDIPWSN) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA). In this methodology, the steps of thrust block design by the codes are demonstrated and applied individually to one of the published papers. The goal of the study is to find the optimum percentages between the dimensions of the block in the two codes and to compare the quantity of concrete after the block is designed by each code. Based on the research, it was found that the concrete amount of the block designed by (AWWA) is smaller than that designed by (ECDIPWSN). HIGHLIGHT Results of the study discovered the volume of the thrust block created by the AWWA method was smaller than the volume created by the ECDIPWSN method when excavation depth was low but was larger when excavation depth was large.

A Regional Comparative Study on Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-777
Author(s):  
Sho SHIBATA ◽  
Yoshimi HAGIHARA ◽  
Kiyoko HAGIHARA ◽  
Akira SAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Removal of arsenic from drinking water: A comparative study between electrocoagulation-microfiltration and chemical coagulation-microfiltration processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Calderon Mólgora ◽  
Alejandra Martín Domínguez ◽  
Eloy Mundo Avila ◽  
Patrick Drogui ◽  
Gerardo Buelna
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Initial Investigation Into Helical Milling of Laminated Stacks of Electrical Steel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Liles ◽  
J. Rhett Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Helical Milling ◽  
Burr Formation ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Plunge Milling ◽  
Axial Thrust ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Thrust Forces

This paper serves to report the findings of an initial study on the holing of laminated stacks of electrical steels. Three different holing methods were considered: plunge milling, helical milling (orbit milling), and drilling. Stack delamination, axial thrust force, and burr formation were measured at various feed rates for each process and utilized as comparison metrics. Results from the initial experimental investigation indicate that drilling produces significant burr and plunge milling, whilst reducing burr formation compared to drilling, led to delamination of the stack. Helical milling minimized thrust forces, avoided delamination and minimized burr formation. An interesting spring back effect was also observed during the cutting of the laminated stacks. It is concluded that helical milling is a viable and effective processing method for making holes in laminated stack of hard electrical steels.

Critical thrust force and critical feed rate in drilling flax fibre composites: A comparative study of various thrust force models

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Akmal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Azwan Iskandar Azmi ◽  
Tan Chye Lih ◽  
Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Critical Thrust Force

Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation of Indexable Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Svensson ◽  
Tobias Andersson ◽  
Andreas Andersson Lassila
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Lagrangian Simulation ◽  
Lagrangian Framework ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Total Thrust ◽  
Hole Axis ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Friction Modelling

Abstract This paper presents finite element simulations of indexable drilling of AISI4140 workpieces. The Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is employed and the focus is to predict the drilling torque around the hole axis, thrust force, temperature distributions and chip geometries. The cutting process is modelled separately for peripheral and central insert. Then, the total thrust force and torque are predicted by superposing the predicted result for each insert. Experiments and simulations are conducted at a constant rotational velocity of 2400 rpm and feed rates of 0.13, 0.16 and 0.18 mm/rev. While the predicted torques are in excellent agreement, the thrust forces showed discrepancies of 12 - 20% to the experimental measured data. Effects of the friction modelling on the predicted torque and thrust force are outlined and possible reasons for the thrust force discrepancies are discussed in the paper. Additionally, the simulations indicate that the tool and workpiece temperature distributions are virtually unaffected by the feed rate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI MINERAL NUTRIENT BLOCK (MNB) PADA PAKAN DASAR RUMPUT LAPANGAN TERHADAP PERFORMANS DAN KARKAS KELINCI JANTAN LOKAL (Lepus nigricollis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
KUSUMA, I. G. P. E. ◽  
G. A. M KRISTINA DEWI ◽  
I M. NURIYASA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Male Rabbit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Variable Performance

The research of the performance and carcass local male rabbit result mineral nutrient block (MNB)supplementation on ration-based grass field carried in Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan Regency (50 masl) formaintenance and cuts that lasted for 3 months. The design used in this research is a randomized block design, withfive replications. The rabbits were allocated randomly into four treatments, namely rabbits treated control rationis grass field (R0), control ration supplemented MNB 15 g/head/day (R1), control ration supplemented MNB 30 g/head/day (R2), control ration supplemented MNB 45 g/head/day (R3). Rations and drinking water given ad_libitum.Based on the results that the variable performance and carcass local male rabbits given MNB-supplemented rationswith 45 g/head/day (R3) showed a higher yield than R0 ration treatment (control) and other treatments.

scholarly journals PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 423-424
Author(s):  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Nicole M Jones ◽  
Terry Engle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intake Control

Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P < 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P < 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P < 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.

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