Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation of Indexable Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Svensson ◽  
Tobias Andersson ◽  
Andreas Andersson Lassila
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Lagrangian Simulation ◽  
Lagrangian Framework ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Total Thrust ◽  
Hole Axis ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Friction Modelling

Abstract This paper presents finite element simulations of indexable drilling of AISI4140 workpieces. The Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is employed and the focus is to predict the drilling torque around the hole axis, thrust force, temperature distributions and chip geometries. The cutting process is modelled separately for peripheral and central insert. Then, the total thrust force and torque are predicted by superposing the predicted result for each insert. Experiments and simulations are conducted at a constant rotational velocity of 2400 rpm and feed rates of 0.13, 0.16 and 0.18 mm/rev. While the predicted torques are in excellent agreement, the thrust forces showed discrepancies of 12 - 20% to the experimental measured data. Effects of the friction modelling on the predicted torque and thrust force are outlined and possible reasons for the thrust force discrepancies are discussed in the paper. Additionally, the simulations indicate that the tool and workpiece temperature distributions are virtually unaffected by the feed rate.

Initial Investigation Into Helical Milling of Laminated Stacks of Electrical Steel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Liles ◽  
J. Rhett Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Helical Milling ◽  
Burr Formation ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Plunge Milling ◽  
Axial Thrust ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Thrust Forces

This paper serves to report the findings of an initial study on the holing of laminated stacks of electrical steels. Three different holing methods were considered: plunge milling, helical milling (orbit milling), and drilling. Stack delamination, axial thrust force, and burr formation were measured at various feed rates for each process and utilized as comparison metrics. Results from the initial experimental investigation indicate that drilling produces significant burr and plunge milling, whilst reducing burr formation compared to drilling, led to delamination of the stack. Helical milling minimized thrust forces, avoided delamination and minimized burr formation. An interesting spring back effect was also observed during the cutting of the laminated stacks. It is concluded that helical milling is a viable and effective processing method for making holes in laminated stack of hard electrical steels.

scholarly journals Comparative study for designing the horizontal thrust blocks in pipelines for water and sewage networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama S. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Horizontal Thrust ◽  
Bend Angles ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Block Dimensions

Abstract The thrust block is one of the most widely recognized methods of resisting thrust forces. This type of infrastructure should be installed in bends, dead ends, tees and wyes. Thrust blocks perform the function of transferring thrust force to the ground safely. Thrust block dimensions are designed based on hydrostatic pressures, bend angles, and soil properties in the surrounding area. Several codes exist for designing thrust blocks, but we focus on Egyptian code for design and implementation of pipelines for drinking water and sewage networks (ECDIPWSN) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA). In this methodology, the steps of thrust block design by the codes are demonstrated and applied individually to one of the published papers. The goal of the study is to find the optimum percentages between the dimensions of the block in the two codes and to compare the quantity of concrete after the block is designed by each code. Based on the research, it was found that the concrete amount of the block designed by (AWWA) is smaller than that designed by (ECDIPWSN). HIGHLIGHT Results of the study discovered the volume of the thrust block created by the AWWA method was smaller than the volume created by the ECDIPWSN method when excavation depth was low but was larger when excavation depth was large.

Thrust Force of Three Circular Windings of Conductor in Magnetic Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sigit Iswahyudi ◽  
Wandi Arnandi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Effective Diameter ◽  
Ferrite Core ◽  
Motor Design ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Electromagnetic Propulsion

An initial study of manipulated electric motor design to produce one axis thrust force without rotation was conducted. A cylindrical electromagnetic propulsion system has a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 90 mm made of ST 60 steel was tested. The system has a coil as conductor carrying current to produce thrust force and a coil to produce magnetic flux in its inner part. There were three windings of coils producing forces have effective diameter of 32 mm that were varied in their loops distance. The coil producing magnetic flux has 148 windings of 1 mm isolated cable on ferrite core. The thrust forces produced by the specimen were tested by measuring its weight change when one of or both of the coils were opened and/or closed circuit.

The Mechanics of Labriform Locomotion I. Labriform Locomotion in the Angelfish (Pterophyllum Eimekei): An Analysis of the Power Stroke

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
R. W. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Total Thrust ◽  
Recovery Stroke

1. A blade-element approach is used to analyse the mechanics of the drag-based pectoral fin power stroke in an Angelfish in steady forward, rectilinear progression. 2. Flow reversal occurs at the base of the fin at the beginning and at the end of the power stroke. Values for the rate of increase and decrease in the relative velocity of the blade-elements increase distally, as do such values for hydrodynamical angle of attack. At the beginning and end of the power stroke, negative angles occur at the base of the fin. 3. The outermost 40% of the fin produces over 80% of the total thrust produced during the power stroke, and doe8 over 80% of the total work. Small amounts of reversed thrust are produced at the base of the fin during the early and late parts of the stroke. 4. The total amount of energy required during a cycle to drag the body and inactive fins through the water is calculated to be approximately 2.8 × 10−6 J and the total energy produced by the fins over the cycle (ignoring the recovery stroke) which is associated with producing the hydrodynamic thrust force, is about 1.0 × 10−5 J; which gives a propulsive efficiency of about 0.26. 5. The energy required to move the mass of a pectoral fin during the power stroke is calculated to be approximately 2.6 × 10−7 J. Taking this into account reduces the value of the propulsive efficiency by about 4% to about 0.25. The total energy needed to accelerate and decelerate the added mass associated with the fin is calculated and added to the energy required to produce the hydrodynamic thrust force and the energy required to move the mass of the fins; giving a final propulsive efficiency of 0.18.

Propulsion Mechanism Modeled on Bending Mechanism of Eukaryotic Flagellar Bending in Water

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Kobayashi ◽  
◽  
Kozo Furihata ◽  
Hirohisa Morikawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Flexible Beams ◽  
Propulsion Mechanism ◽  
Bending Mechanism ◽  
Thrust Forces

Eukaryotic flagella possess 2 singlet microtubules and 9 outer doublet microtubules. Protuberances of protein called dyneins are placed along doublet microtubules to produce sliding of doublet microtubules. Bending of flagella is generated by the active sliding of doublet microtubules. We made an artificial propulsion mechanism in water imitating active sliding between 2 doublet microtubules in flagella. Electromagnets corresponding to the function of dyneins were placed along 2 flexible beams. Cyclic 2-dimensional bending movement and thrust force of the propulsion mechanism were generated in water. We discussed thrust forces of the propulsion mechanism.

Power and Thrust Force of Mill Rolls during the Mastication of Rubber

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 868-875
Author(s):  
M. F. Mikhalev
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Peripheral Velocity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Thrust Forces

Abstract There is described the dependences of change in plasticity of rubber upon the time of mastication, the peripheral velocity of the rolls, the gap, and the friction ratio. Equations are recommended for practical use which make it possible to determine the magnitude of the power of the machine and of the thrust forces set up in the gap between the rolls during mastication of raw rubber as a function of grade and initial plasticity. In addition, the authors investigated the dependence of these values upon the recovery and softness of the rubbers, a characteristic feature being that the relationships of the alteration in P and N to the recovery and softness remain the same as in the case of plasticity, and differ only in respect of the values of the coefficients and indexes. The equations describing these relationships will be considered by the authors in subsequent articles.

scholarly journals Drilling of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Laminates – A Comparative Analysis of Five Different Drills on Thrust Force, Roughness and Delamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Miguel P. Durão ◽  
Daniel J.S. Gonçalves ◽  
João Manuel R. S. Tavares ◽  
Victor Hugo Costa Albuquerque ◽  
António Torres Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Thrust Forces

The distinguishing characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced laminates, like low weight, high strength or stiffness, had resulted in the increase of their use during the last decades. Although parts are normally produced to “near-net” shape, machining operations like drilling are still needed. In result of composites non-homogeneity, this operation can lead to delamination, considered the most serious kind of damage as it can reduce the load carrying capacity of the joint. A proper choice of tool and cutting parameters can reduce delamination substantially. In this work, the results obtained with five different tool geometries are compared. Conclusions show that the choice of adequate drill geometry can reduce the thrust forces and consequently, the delamination damage.

Investigation of Thrust Forces, Torque and Chip Microstructure during Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sushinder ◽  
P.R. Shivaram ◽  
S.B. Nivedh Kannaa ◽  
Nisarg Gupta ◽  
K.S. Vijay Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Thrust Forces

Titanium Alloys are unique due to their high strength-weight ratio,good fracture and corrosion resistance characteristics.They form a significant metal portion of the aircraft structural and engine components. However, their low thermal conductivity and high reactivity with cutting tools during machining, makes them difficult-to-machine materials. In this work, an investigationof the thrust force, torque and chip morphology in drilling of Ti6Al4V, titanium alloy using tungsten carbide tipped drill has been carried out at varying cutting speeds of 19.4, 27.14, 43.41 and 67.82m/min at a constant feed rate of 0.15mm/rev.The machinability, work hardening and thermal softening effects of titanium alloy, during drilling, has been analysed through the effects of the machining process on the thrust force, torque and chip microstructure.

Investigation on thrust force in rotary ultrasonic drilling of CFRP/aluminum stacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-404
Author(s):  
Song Dong ◽  
Wenhe Liao ◽  
Kan Zheng ◽  
Wenrui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Rotary Ultrasonic Drilling

The stacks of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aluminum are widely used in aviation industry due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties. Recently, rotary ultrasonic drilling technology which is recognized as a useful machining method has been introduced to machining these stacks. Thrust force influences the machinability directly such as tool wear, cutting temperature, and hole qualities. In this study, a theoretical model of thrust force for rotary ultrasonic drilling of CFRP/aluminum stacks is proposed. Based on the analysis of kinematic characteristics, the axial uncut chip thickness of rotary ultrasonic drilling is presented. Then the whole machining process of stacks is divided into five different states. Forces on cutting edge and chisel edge in different materials are modeled, respectively. After that, the thrust forces of five-state rotary ultrasonic drilling process are achieved by integrating with integral limits analysis in each state. Finally, verification experiments are conducted, and experimental results show that the trends of thrust forces agree well with the thrust force model. Therefore, this theoretical model can be used to evaluate the thrust force in rotary ultrasonic drilling of CFRP/aluminum stacks.

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic performance of dragonfly-like flapping foil in take-off flight

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (15) ◽  
pp. 5801-5815
Author(s):  
AR Shanmugam ◽  
CH Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Tandem Configuration ◽  
Flapping Foil ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Thrust Forces ◽  
Weakly Dependent

In this study, the aerodynamic performance of a dragonfly-like flapping foil is investigated in take-off flight using two-dimensional numerical simulations. Two parameters, foil spacing L * ( L/c) and the phase shift between forefoil and hindfoil ψ, which characterize the flow in the tandem configuration, are varied to explore their impact on the resulting aerodynamic performance. Both the vertical and thrust forces generated in one cycle are found to be strongly dependent on ψ and relatively weakly dependent on L *. The tandem configuration is beneficial for the vertical force generation in the range of 0° ≤  ψ ≤ 30°, and further, it aids the thrust force generation for 40° ≤  ψ ≤ 110°. The flow interactions between the forefoil and hindfoil can increase the vertical force generated in a cycle by a maximum of ∼1.2 times when ψ is close to 0° relative to the no foil–foil interaction case (additive effect of two single foils). These interactions can also increase the thrust force generated in a cycle by a maximum of ∼2.8 times when ψ is close to 80°. The vortex structures reveal that the enhancement in thrust force mainly depends on the timing of interactions and how the hindfoil utilizes the vortex detached from the forefoil to benefit from it. Further, we find that dragonflies use in-phase stroking pattern ( ψ = 0 °) with a large downstroke angle of attack, α D ( α D = 86 °), in the initial phase of take-off as it aids in generating additional vertical force. Our findings can significantly contribute to the design of micro aerial vehicles.

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