scholarly journals Vaccination against swine flu caused narcolepsy in several european countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
I. Boström ◽  
◽  
O. Lindberger ◽  
M. Partinen ◽  
A.M. Landtblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
2009 H1n1

Narcolepsy is a rare sleeping disorder that gives sleep onset rapid eye movement periods and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is divided into two subgroups, narcolepsy type 1 where there also is orexin deficiency and cataplexy and narcolepsy type 2 that lack these features. Narcolepsy type 1 is assumed to be an autoimmune disease with destruction of orexinproducing cells. The pathology behind is unclear. There is a strong association to a class II HLA allele, HLADQB1*06:02 and the H1N1-virus and streptococcal infections has also been associated with narcolepsy. The severity of narcolepsy differs between patients from those who can manage their disease without medication to those who has a severe impact on their everyday life. There is a diagnostic delay between the onset of symptoms and time for diagnosis that in some cases can be more than a decade. The global mean prevalence is 30 per 100 000 inhabitants. The incidence in children in northern Europe has risen since 2010. An early study of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic indicated a high mortality and prompted efforts to rapidly come up with a vaccine. One of these was Pandemrix that was the most widely used in Europe and 61 % of the inhabitants in Sweden was vaccinated. Studies have shown an increased incidence of narcolepsy type 1 in European countries that had used Pandemrix, but no increased risk was seen in countries that had used other vaccines than Pandemrix.

scholarly journals Vaccination against swine flu caused narcolepsy in several european countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
I. Boström ◽  
◽  
O. Lindberger ◽  
M. Partinen ◽  
A.M. Landtblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
2009 H1n1

Narcolepsy is a rare sleeping disorder that gives sleep onset rapid eye movement periods and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is divided into two subgroups, narcolepsy type 1 where there also is orexin deficiency and cataplexy and narcolepsy type 2 that lack these features. Narcolepsy type 1 is assumed to be an autoimmune disease with destruction of orexinproducing cells. The pathology behind is unclear. There is a strong association to a class II HLA allele, HLADQB1*06:02 and the H1N1-virus and streptococcal infections has also been associated with narcolepsy. The severity of narcolepsy differs between patients from those who can manage their disease without medication to those who has a severe impact on their everyday life. There is a diagnostic delay between the onset of symptoms and time for diagnosis that in some cases can be more than a decade. The global mean prevalence is 30 per 100 000 inhabitants. The incidence in children in northern Europe has risen since 2010. An early study of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic indicated a high mortality and prompted efforts to rapidly come up with a vaccine. One of these was Pandemrix that was the most widely used in Europe and 61 % of the inhabitants in Sweden was vaccinated. Studies have shown an increased incidence of narcolepsy type 1 in European countries that had used Pandemrix, but no increased risk was seen in countries that had used other vaccines than Pandemrix.

scholarly journals Enhanced influenza A H1N1 T cell epitope recognition and cross-reactivity to protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 in Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vuorela ◽  
T. L. Freitag ◽  
K. Leskinen ◽  
H. Pessa ◽  
T. Härkönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

AbstractNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic neurological disorder having a strong association with HLA-DQB1*0602, thereby suggesting an immunological origin. Increased risk of NT1 has been reported among children or adolescents vaccinated with AS03 adjuvant-supplemented pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine, Pandemrix. Here we show that pediatric Pandemrix-associated NT1 patients have enhanced T-cell immunity against the viral epitopes, neuraminidase 175–189 (NA175–189) and nucleoprotein 214–228 (NP214–228), but also respond to a NA175–189-mimic, brain self-epitope, protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1675–689). A pathogenic role of influenza virus-specific T-cells and T-cell cross-reactivity in NT1 are supported by the up-regulation of IFN-γ, perforin 1 and granzyme B, and by the converging selection of T-cell receptor TRAV10/TRAJ17 and TRAV10/TRAJ24 clonotypes, in response to stimulation either with peptide NA175–189 or POMT1675–689. Moreover, anti-POMT1 serum autoantibodies are increased in Pandemrix-vaccinated children or adolescents. These results thus identify POMT1 as a potential autoantigen recognized by T- and B-cells in NT1.

scholarly journals Hospitalisation associated with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and seasonal influenza in Hong Kong, 2005 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yang ◽  
X L Wang ◽  
K P Chan ◽  
P H Cao ◽  
H Y Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
2009 H1n1

Reliable estimates of the morbidity burden caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza (pH1N1) are important for assessing the severity of the pandemic. Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly numbers of cause-specific hospitalisation in Hong Kong from 2005 to 2010. Excess hospitalisation associated with the 2009 pandemic and seasonal influenza was derived from the model by incorporating the proxy variables of weekly proportions of specimens positive for the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, seasonal influenza A (subtypes H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses. Compared with seasonal influenza, pH1N1 influenza was associated with higher hospitalisation rates for acute respiratory disease (ARD) among children younger than 18 years and adults aged between 18 and 64 years, but among the elderly aged 65 years and older the hospitalisation rates were lower for pH1N1 than for seasonal H3N2 and H1N1 influenza. Hospitalisation rates for chronic diseases associated with pH1N1 influenza were generally higher than those associated with seasonal influenza. The reported hospitalised cases with laboratory-confirmed pandemic infections accounted for only 16% of pH1N1 influenza-associated hospitalisations for ARD in the age group 75 years and older, and 5?66% of hospitalisations for chronic diseases in those older than 40 years. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic was associated with a dramatically increased risk of hospitalisation among children and young adults. The morbidity burden of pandemic was underreported in old people and in those with chronic conditions.

Epidemiological analysis of critically ill adult patients with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in South Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. HONG ◽  
E. Y. CHOI ◽  
S. H. KIM ◽  
G. Y. SUH ◽  
M. S. PARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

SUMMARYA total of 245 patients with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza were admitted to the intensive-care units of 28 hospitals (South Korea). Their mean age was 55·3 years with 68·6% aged >50 years, and 54·7% male. Nine were obese and three were pregnant. One or more comorbidities were present in 83·7%, and nosocomial acquisition occurred in 14·3%. In total, 107 (43·7%) patients received corticosteroids and 66·1% required mechanical ventilation. Eighty (32·7%) patients died within 30 days after onset of symptoms and 99 (40·4%) within 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clinician's decision to prescribe corticosteroids, older age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and nosocomial bacterial pneumonia were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. In contrast with Western countries, critical illness in Korea in relation to 2009 H1N1 was most common in older patients with chronic comorbidities; nosocomial acquisition occurred occasionally but disease in obese or pregnant patients was uncommon.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Immunization with Baculovirus Surface-Displayed Hemagglutinin of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Induces Protective Immunity in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1582-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mookkan Prabakaran ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Tan YunRui ◽  
Jia Qiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunization ◽  
H1n1 Virus Infection

ABSTRACTThe protective immunity of baculovirus displaying influenza virus hemagglutinin (BacHA) against influenza 2009 H1N1 virus infection in a murine model was investigated. The results showed that mice vaccinated with live BacHA or an inactive form of adjuvanted BacHA had enhanced specific antibody responses and induced protective immunity against 2009 H1N1 virus infection, suggesting the potential of baculovirus as a live or inactivated vaccine.

scholarly journals Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies to Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Recent Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Strains Influenced by a Mutation in Hemagglutinin Subunit 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e1002081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Christine M. Anderson ◽  
Christopher J. De Feo ◽  
Min Zhuang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
2009 H1n1

scholarly journals Autoimmunity to hypocretin and molecular mimicry to flu in type 1 narcolepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. E12323-E12332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Luo ◽  
Aditya Ambati ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Mélodie Bonvalet ◽  
Markku Partinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Immune Loci

Type 1 narcolepsy (T1N) is caused by hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) neuronal loss. Association with the HLA DQB1*06:02/DQA1*01:02 (98% vs. 25%) heterodimer (DQ0602), T cell receptors (TCR) and other immune loci suggest autoimmunity but autoantigens are unknown. Onset is seasonal and associated with influenza A, notably pandemic 2009 H1N1 (pH1N1) infection and vaccination (Pandemrix). Peptides derived from HCRT and influenza A, including pH1N1, were screened for DQ0602 binding and presence of cognate DQ0602 tetramer-peptide–specific CD4+ T cells tested in 35 T1N cases and 22 DQ0602 controls. Higher reactivity to influenza pHA273–287 (pH1N1 specific), PR8 (H1N1 pre-2009 and H2N2)-specific NP17–31 and C-amidated but not native version of HCRT54–66 and HCRT86–97 (HCRTNH2) were observed in T1N. Single-cell TCR sequencing revealed sharing of CDR3β TRBV4-2-CASSQETQGRNYGYTF in HCRTNH2 and pHA273–287-tetramers, suggesting molecular mimicry. This public CDR3β uses TRBV4-2, a segment modulated by T1N-associated SNP rs1008599, suggesting causality. TCR-α/β CDR3 motifs of HCRT54–66-NH2 and HCRT86–97-NH2 tetramers were extensively shared: notably public CDR3α, TRAV2-CAVETDSWGKLQF-TRAJ24, that uses TRAJ24, a chain modulated by T1N-associated SNPs rs1154155 and rs1483979. TCR-α/β CDR3 sequences found in pHA273–287, NP17–31, and HCRTNH2 tetramer-positive CD4+ cells were also retrieved in single INF-γ–secreting CD4+ sorted cells stimulated with Pandemrix, independently confirming these results. Our results provide evidence for autoimmunity and molecular mimicry with flu antigens modulated by genetic components in the pathophysiology of T1N.

scholarly journals A new common mutation in the hemagglutinin of the 2009 (H1N1) influenza A virus

PLoS Currents ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. RRN1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽  
Raphael Tze Chuen Lee ◽  
Frank Eisenhaber ◽  
Lin Cui ◽  
Shiau Pheng Phuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
2009 H1n1

scholarly journals Inactivated pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus human vaccines have different efficacy after homologous challenge in the ferret model

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Beatriz Vidaña ◽  
Sharon M. Brookes ◽  
Helen E. Everett ◽  
Fanny Garcon ◽  
Alejandro Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Homologous Challenge
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