scholarly journals Atividade biológica e decomposição de resíduos orgânicos em área de lavoura sobre Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Jerônimo Porto RODRIGUES ◽  
Diulie Fernanda Almansa da COSTA ◽  
Gabriela Dominique de Campos GAVILÁN ◽  
Gabrielly da Silveira CAVALHEIRO ◽  
Luana Pinheiro MARTINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ornithopus Compressus

A atividade biológica do solo pode ser determinada pela soma dos processos metabólicos em que o CO2 é produzido e pela taxa de decomposição de resíduos orgânicos no solo. Os compostos orgânicos podem apresentar alta ou baixa relação C/N, e podem ser lábeis ou recalcitrantes, ou seja, de rápida ou lenta decomposição. Os compostos lábeis possuem função de disponibilizar nutrientes e energia para os microrganismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a emissão de CO2 e a decomposição de resíduos orgânicos sobre Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico. Os resíduos avaliados foram - T1:  palha de serradela, T2: esterco bovino, T3: cama de aviário, T4: húmus, T5: cama de aviário + palha de serradela e T6: esterco bovino + palha de serradela. Houve estímulo na atividade biológica do solo pela presença de todos os tratamentos, principalmente pela palha de serradela (Ornithopus compressus). Observou-se que quando não havia presença de resíduos, o solo emitiu CO2, pois os microrganismos utilizaram a matéria orgânica do solo como fonte de energia para sobrevivência.

Response of defoliated swards of subterranean clover and yellow serradella to superphosphate applications

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of superphosphate applications (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg P/ha to the soil surface) on the dry matter (DM) herbage production of dense swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Junee) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus cv. Tauro) was measured in a field experiment on deep, sandy soil in south-western Australia. The swards were defoliated with a reel mower at weekly intervals from 88 to 158 days after sowing, to a height of 2 cm for the first 9 cuts, 4 cm for the tenth cut and 5 cm for the eleventh cut. Yellow serradella was more productive than subterranean clover. Consequently, for the relationship between yield and the level of phosphorus (P) applied, yellow serradella supported larger maximum yields and required less P than subterranean clover, to produce the same DM herbage yield. Maximum yields of yellow serradella were 12-40% larger. To produce 70% of the maximum yield for yellow serradella at each harvest, yellow serradella required about 50% less P than subterranean clover. However, when yields were expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield measured for each species at each harvest, the relationship between yield and the level of P applied was similar for both species, and they had similar P requirements.

Genetic variation in populations of two Mediterranean annual pasture legumes (Biserrula pelecinus L. and Ornithopus compressus L.) and associated rhizobia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
S. J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus

Genetic variation between and within populations of Biserrula pelecinus L. (biserrula) and Ornithopus compressus L. (yellow serradella) and associated rhizobia was studied using germplasm collected from sites in central-eastern and south-eastern Sardinia (Italy). Pods and root-nodule bacteria were collected on diagonal transects at each site. Plants were characterised in nursery rows and the rhizobia were isolated and tested for their effectiveness. Thirteen morphological traits were recorded and the results were analysed using cluster analysis. Genetic and phenotypic variation of rhizobia were assessed using DNA analysis (PCR, RAPDs) and effectiveness indices, respectively. Genetic variation based on morphological traits was found between and within sites for both species. Pod characteristics and flowering time were the most important traits assisting in discriminating between accessions. Flowering time varied more in serradella than in biserrula, particularly at Cantoniera Cannas. Although all rhizobial strains nodulated all accessions of biserrula, great variability in capacity to fix nitrogen was evident between and within sites. Distinct PCR amplification profiles were generated for individual rhizobial strains, which confirmed the phenotypic variability (effectiveness indices) of the strains. No relationship was found between host and rhizobia variation. The results are discussed in terms of (a) genetic differences for each species within and between sites; (b) differences in behaviour in respect to genetic variation between biserrula, serradella, and other Mediterranean annual legumes; and (c) spatial variability and symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobia.

Seed softening, imbibition time, and seedling establishmentin yellow serradella

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Taylor ◽  
C. K. Revell
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Softening Process ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Times

The first (preconditioning) and final stages of seed softening were studied over a 4-year period in 4 lines of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.): cvv. Santorini and Charano, and accessions GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2. Pods grown in 1997 were collected in December (start of summer) and placed on the soil surface or buried at a depth of 1 cm. Measurements of seed softening between years were made from pod samples removed in June each year. The progress of preconditioning and seed softening within the first 3 years was determined from samples taken at the end of February. Numbers of soft and viable seeds were determined from each sampling. Preconditioned seeds were identified by subjecting seeds to 7 gradual diurnal temperature cycles of 48/15°C in darkness before testing for permeability. Seed softening was markedly accelerated by pod burial in all 4 lines, with most buried seeds of GEH72-1A and Santorini softening during the first year. Seed softening was slower in GRC5045-2-2 and Charano, approaching a constant annual rate over the 4 years of the experiment. Despite this marked effect of burial the differences between lines in rates of softening of buried seeds were sufficient to have important implications for persistence under some management systems. Most seeds of all lines softened between February and June, indicating that shallow pod burial could be delayed in these lines until at least the end of February to promote the final stage of seed softening. Although large numbers of seeds of GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2 had preconditioned at the soil surface by the end of February, few went on to complete the softening process by June, when most had lost their preconditioned state. Treatment at 48/15°C was less successful in identifying preconditioned seeds of Santorini and Charano. Rates of imbibition differed markedly between lines. Most soft seeds of GEH72-1A and GRC5045-2-2 imbibed within days, whereas they took weeks in Santorini and an intermediate time in Charano. Seedling age distributions in the 4 lines in June closely reflected the times their soft seeds took to imbibe in the laboratory. Imbibition time can be an important germination regulating mechanism having implications that may be either favourable or unfavourable depending on rainfall distribution around the break of season and the system of management.

Effect of temperature and state of hydration on rate of imbibition in soft seeds of yellow serradella

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Negligible Effect ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Moist Atmosphere ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

Seeds were removed by hand from pods of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.) cvv. Santorini and Charano and accession GRC5045-2-2 that were taken from the field on 26 March after burial treatment to initiate seed softening. Times taken for soft seeds to imbibe were determined at constant temperatures of 8�, 20�, and 30�C. Rates of moisture uptake and loss were measured in seeds held in a moist (76% RH) or dry (over sulfuric acid) atmosphere and the effects of hydration and dehydration on subsequent imbibition times determined at 20�C.Temperature had negligible effect on imbibition times in GRC5045-2-2, in which nearly all soft seeds imbibed within 24 h of wetting. Imbibition times in individual seeds of both Charano and Santorini varied from a few days to more than 200 days and were markedly reduced by increasing temperatures. Times taken to approach constant weight in the moist atmosphere were approximately 75, 165, and 430 days in GRC5045-2-2, Charano, and Santorini, respectively. By contrast the rate of moisture loss in the dry atmosphere was similar in all lines. Imbibition times in GRC5045-2-2 were little affected by state of hydration, but in both Santorini and Charano, imbibition was delayed by dehydration and accelerated by hydration.It is proposed that slow imbibition is attributable to the presence of a minute opening in the seed at an as yet unidentified site (possibly the micropyle or hilum) that restricts moisture uptake until a threshold is reached when seeds in contact with water imbibe rapidly. It is hypothesised that the moisture threshold coincides with the build up of sufficient moisture in tissues associated with the underside of the lens, to cause its rupture, thereby allowing rapid uptake of free water.

Lucerne aphid effects on 18 pasture legumes in southern Queensland: a glasshouse study

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Franzmann ◽  
WJ Scattini ◽  
KP Rynne ◽  
B Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

The suitability of 18 naturalized or commercial pasture legumes as hosts of the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) (Therioaphis trifolii f, maculata (Monell)) and the blue-green aphid (BGA) (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) and the effects of the aphids on the growth of these legumes were investigated in uncaged pots in a glasshouse trial. The species and cultivars tested were: Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River, M. truncatula var. truncatula cv. Jemalong, M. truncatula var. truncatula cv. Cyprus, M. scutellata cv. Robinson, M. littoralis cv. Harbinger, M. polymorpha, M. minima, M, lupulina, Trifolium repens cv. Ladino, T. repens cv. Grasslands Huia, T, semipilosum var. glabrescens cv. Safari, T, pratense cv. Grasslands Turoa, T, subterraneum cv. Woogenellup, T, glomeratum, Astragalus hamosus cv. loman, Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi, Ornithopus compressus cv. Pitman, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro. Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp. supported the greatest populations of SAA and BGA, respectively, although high populations of the latter were supported on most legumes. M. scutellata cv. Robinson and M. truncatula cvv. Jemalong and Cyprus supported a low population of SAA while T. semipilosum cv. Safari was the only Trifolium sp. host. BGA developed on all legumes with lowest populations on O. compressus cv. Pitman, M. atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi. SAA reduced yields of all Medicago spp, except cvv. Jemalong, Cyprus and Robinson ; all M. littoralis cv. Harbinger and most M. polymorpha plants died. BGA reduced yields of all legumes except cv. Robinson, cv. Namoi, cv. Pitman and cv. Siratro; all cv. loman plants died. Treatment with both aphids reduced yields of all legumes except cv. Namoi, cv. Pitman and cv. Siratro and killed all plants of cv. Harbinger, M. polymorpha and cv, loman. Of the legumes examined, V. dasycarpa cv. Namoi, O. compressus cv. Pitman, M. atropurpureum cv. Siratro and perhaps M. scutellata cv. Robinson are the only cultivars of species which may be expected to produce reasonable yields under combined attack

Manganese toxicity in Trifolium balansae, T. resupinatum, T. subterraneum, Medicago murex, M. polymorpha, M. sativa, Lotus pedunculatus, and Ornithopus compressus: relative tolerance and critical toxicity concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
DGDe Marco ◽  
CB Li ◽  
PJ Randall ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Burr Medic ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mn Concentrations

This paper describes the tolerance to high concentrations of manganese (Mn) of pasture legumes that are suitable for the >500 mm rainfall zone in southern Australia. The legumes are lucerne (Medicago sativa), burr medic (M. polymorpha), murex medic (M. murex), balansa clover (Trifolium balansae), Persian clover (T. resupinatum), subterranean clover (T: subterraneum), greater lotus (Lotus pedunculatus), and seradella (Ornithopus compressus). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Egret and subterranean clover cvv. Mt Barker and Karridale were included to place the tolerance of the remaining species in the context of other studies.Symptoms of toxicity differed between species. Species ranking (in descending order) for Mn tolerance, and external threshold Mn concentrations (mmol/L), were subterranean clover (1.0), wheat (0.71), balansa clover (0.54), greater lotus (0.51), serradella (0.50), Persian clover (0.25), murex medic (0.24), burr medic (0.20), and lucerne (0.19). Critical toxicity concentrations derived from the relationships of yields to Mn concentrations in whole shoots for each species were as follows (mg Mn/kg DW): subterranean clover (2010), balansa clover (1330), serradella (1080), greater lotus (760), wheat (570), burr medic (440), murex medic (430), Persian clover (360), lucerne (190).

Ornithopus compressus (yellow serradella) cv. Eneabba

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
JS Gladstones ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Ornithopus Compressus

Effect of surface-sown pod:seed mixtures on serradella establishment and persistence on rangelands in central New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
D. L. Michalk ◽  
M. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Aerial sowing is the only option for introducing improved pasture species into much of the non-arable, acid soil rangelands in central New South Wales. However, low germination of seeds in serradella pods is a major problem causing poor establishment. Sowing different combinations of pod and seed was investigated as a means of improving germination and subsequent persistence in an experiment between 1993 and 1997. Results indicated that a pod:seed mixture of 75:25 was the most suitable ratio for establishing yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) when broadcast into native grassland on hardsetting, non-arable, acidic hill country. Nodulation failure observed at this cold tablelands site confirmed the need for a more winter-active inoculant for yellow serradella.

Fungal endophytes associated with Ornithopus compressus growing under semiarid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 581-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Santamaria ◽  
Sara Rodrigo ◽  
Santiago Lledó ◽  
Maria J. Poblaciones
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Semiarid Conditions
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