scholarly journals Anxiety level in preschool biligual children (research report)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Irine Gersamia
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Modern Era

In the modern era, interest in the problem of bilingualism has become increasingly intense. People of various nationalities, as well as voluntary or forced immigrants, have always lived in monolingual states. Once children and their parents find themselves in a foreign language setting, the issue of learning a second language arises. Parents wish their children to learn the official language of a country in question as soon as possible and therefore, try to provide their children with all possible conditions to facilitate the acquisition of the second language from an early age, for example, parents take their children to preschools where the learning process is conducted in a target language and the majority of children speak it. This article touches upon the issue of the emotional state, in particular, the level of anxiety of bilingual children in kindergartens. The purpose of the study was to find a relationship between anxiety and bilingualism and preschool institutions, as a foreign language environment, and to compare the levels of anxiety in monolingual and bilingual children.

The Direct Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwarno
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

The Direct Method was the outcome of a reaction against the Grammar Translation Method. It was based on the assumption that the learner of a foreign language should think directly in the target language. According to this method, English is taught through English. The learner learns the target language through discussion, conversation and reading in the second language. It does not take recourse to translation and foreign grammar.

GENERAL THEORIES AND SPECIAL THEORIES IN TEACHING LANGUAGE TO NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 200-214
Author(s):  
Boukhmis SENOUBER ◽  
Chahrazed Bin YOUNES
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Second Language Learner ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
Language Environment

The field of teaching language for non-native speakers is a rich field that has been addressed by various theories that tried to explain the process of acquiring a second language, as some of them pay great attention to the innate characteristics of the learner, and others focus on the role that the environment plays, especially in terms of providing contact with those who modify their language and patterns of interaction to suit the needs of the language learner, while other theories focus on the learner’s participation in the social contexts, or the so-called immersion in the target language environment, and the importance of research is highlighted in uncovering the mechanisms and curricula that these theories have adopted in order to achieve meaningful and distinct learning. The research aims to address this topic, trying to delve into the concepts and procedures of each theory separately in an attempt to clarify and present it to the Arab reader and student in an accessible and understandable form. We will try to rely in this study on a research plan that includes two main topics: A first topic, which we will devote to general theories in teaching language to non-native speakers; That is, theories that dealt with linguistic acquisition in general, whether related to the first or second language, and includes three main theories; They are the structural behavioral theory, the innate or Universal Grammar theory, and the functional theory. As for the second topic, we will devote it to the special theories, which are theories that dealt exclusively with teaching the language to non-native speakers, and it includes eight basic hypothesis. They are the Monitor hypothesis, the interaction hypothesis, the contrastive analysis hypothesis, the creative construction hypothesis, the fundamental difference hypothesis, Noticing hypothesis, the projection hypothesis, the competition model.In order to delve into this topic, we raise the following problems: How did cognitive theorizing for teaching a language to non-speakers of it contributed to addressing the difficulties and mistakes faced by the second language learner? How did these theories address the issue of second language teaching and acquisition?

scholarly journals The Impact of Native Language Use on Second Language Vocabulary Learning by Saudi EFL Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper strives to explore the impact of Native Language use on Foreign Language vocabulary learning on the basis of empirical and available data. The study is carried out with special reference to the English Language Programme students in Buraydah Community College, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The Native Language of these students is Arabic and their Second Language is English. The participants in this research study are the post-secondary students of Buraydah Community College in Intensive Course Programme. The instrument used in this study was in the form of two tests. It is well known that in language assessment tests play a pivotal role in evaluating the EFL learners’ language proficiency. The use of native language as a semantic tool for assessing second language learners’ understanding shouldn’t be rejected altogether especially for the undergrad Saudi EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students. The outcomes of the study show that in learning the vocabulary of target language is significantly helped by the use of translation method of native language (Arabic) in understanding the meaning of novel words and expressions of foreign language (English). This method is widely welcomed by majority of the students of Buraydah Community College. It’s recommended to use this method in order to take the students directly to the core meaning of the word or expression. It also, sometimes, gives a sense of accuracy of the meaning of native language equivalents.</p>

scholarly journals LE FLE ET LE SYSTÈME SCOLAIRE: QUEL(S) STATUT(S) EN DIDACTIQUE DES LANGUES AU MAROC?

FRANCISOLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Moulay Mohamed TARNAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Educational System ◽  
School System ◽  
French Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
French Protectorate ◽  
Langue Seconde

RÉSUMÉ. La langue française au Maroc appelle aujourd'hui plusieurs interrogations qui portent sur le statut, la priorité et les problèmes dans le système scolaire marocain. Le Français est officiellement présent au Maroc depuis le début du protectorat français en 1912, son statut a évolué au fil du temps : de langue officielle sous le protectorat, elle est devenue la première langue étrangère obligatoire dans le système scolaire. . Il est indéniable que les appellations relatives aux fonctions de cette langue divergent et témoignent de la complexité de la situation linguistique dans un pays où la veine plurilingue est un atout et non pas un handicap. Pourtant, il existe une assez grande imprécision au niveau des discours sur cette langue fréquemment saisie comme « langue privilégiée », mais qui cherche à accéder à un statut de reconnaissance et dont les emplois semblent très hétérogènes. Mots-clés: français langue étrangère, français langue seconde, statut, système scolaire marocain.  ABSTRACT. The French Language in Morocco calls for many questions which revolve around its status, the priority and the problems in the Moroccan school system. French has been officially present in Morocco since the beginning of the French Protectorate back in 1912. Its status has evolved through the time: from an official language under the protectorate, it has become the first compulsory foreign language in the school system. It’s undeniable that the calls relative to the functions of this language divert and witness of the complexity of the linguistic situation in a country where the multilingual veins an asset rather than a defection. Nonetheless, there is quite a big imprecision in the level of discourse on this language frequently referred to as « privileged » language but which seeks to access to a status of acknowledgment and the uses of which seem very heterogeneous. Keywords: French foreign language, French second language, Moroccan educational system, status.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Teaching Bilingual Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
Marina A. Pastushkova ◽  
Oxana V. Savateeva
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is focused on the problem of teaching bilingual children. To solve this issue, the authors use the vast experience in addressing it in the Russian and British pedagogical thought in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The authors believe that the comparison of diverse approaches makes it possible to use the ideas of various researchers for resolving the current issues of teaching bilinguals. Besides, the authors of the article try to present the key recommendations and learning approaches for teaching a second language to preschool children. The article stresses the importance of foreign language learning. The authors consider that it is very important to pay attention to the peculiarities of mastering foreign languages and the influence of the bilingual environment on the mental, speech, and personal development of the child. The article further analyses the main approaches to language learning and gives practical recommendations to bilingual children’s parents for teaching a second language. Finally, the article touches upon the problem of learning content. In the authors’ opinion, the latter should be as close as possible to children's understanding. It should be noted that early learning of a foreign language has many advantages in the modern multicultural world. More and more parents want to raise their children as bilinguals, to allow them to communicate in several languages. The authors hope that the recommendations given in the article will help parents of bilingual children and teachers find their approach to teaching a child a second language.

scholarly journals Second language pragmatic ability: Individual differences according to environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Wyner ◽  
Andrew D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Pragmatic Transfer

The aims of this paper are to review research literature on the role that the second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) environments actually play in the development of learners’ target language (TL) pragmatic ability, and also to speculate as to the extent to which individual factors can offset the advantages that learners may have by being in the L2 context while they are learning. The paper starts by defining pragmatics and by problematizing this definition. Then, attention is given to research literature dealing with the learning of pragmatics in an L2 context compared to an FL context. Next, studies on the role of pragmatic transfer are considered, with subsequent attention given to the literature on the incidence of pragmatic transfer in FL as opposed to L2 contexts. Finally, selected studies on the role of motivation in the development of pragmatic ability are examined. In the discussion section, a number of pedagogical suggestions are offered: the inclusion of pragmatics in teacher development, the use of authentic pragmatics materials, motivating learners to be more savvy about pragmatics, and supporting learners in accepting or challenging native-speaker norms. Suggestions as to further research in the field are also offered.

scholarly journals EXPRESSING VOICE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: MULTIWRITING HAIKU PEDAGOGY IN THE EFL CONTEXT 

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Iida
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
L2 Writing ◽  
Composition Classroom ◽  
Target Language ◽  
College Writing ◽  
Writing Classroom ◽  
Efl Context ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Teaching Voice

One of the crucial perspectives in the teaching of second language (L2) writing is to develop voice (Iida, 2010; Paltridge et al., 2009). While scholars have discussed the significance of teaching voice from theoretical viewpoints, there is scant reporting on how to teach the concept and how to train L2 writers to express their own thoughts in the target language in the composition classroom. The aim of this article is to discuss how L2 writers can develop their voice through poetry writing in the L2 composition classroom. After describing the concept of voice and the feature of multiwriting, this article will explore the potential of multiwriting haiku pedagogy as a way to develop and express voice in the EFL freshman college writing classroom. It will also present a step-by-step approach for multiwriting haiku in the EFL classroom and then illustrate how Japanese EFL writers express voice and articulate self in the poetic text with the pedagogical guidelines. 

scholarly journals THE ACCULTURATION MODEL OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: INSPECTING WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Zaker
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Affecting Factor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Language Environment

Previous research has highlighted the significant impact of culture on learning a second language (L2). Accordingly, culture is now believed to be a major learning-affecting factor which, along with linguistic competence, facilitates the process of L2 learning. Some have proposed that being surrounded in the L2 environment gives one a better chance of learning an L2. Based on this premise, Schumann in 1978 proposed the acculturation/pidginization model as an environmental-oriented model that emphasizes identification with a community as the primary requirement of second language acquisition. This study attempts to take a closer look at different aspects of this theory. The taxonomy of factors which control social distance is presented along with the different types of acculturation and the stages/steps of acculturation in an L2 environment. The article concludes with a discussion on the advantages and shortcomings of the model.Keywords: acculturation, culture, pidginization, target language environment

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