The Direct Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwarno
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

The Direct Method was the outcome of a reaction against the Grammar Translation Method. It was based on the assumption that the learner of a foreign language should think directly in the target language. According to this method, English is taught through English. The learner learns the target language through discussion, conversation and reading in the second language. It does not take recourse to translation and foreign grammar.

Do student-student interactions improve their language learning? A comparison between GTM and CLT approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Raissi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Interactions ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

Nowadays most of the scholars in the field of foreign/ second language teaching emphasized on learner centered approaches of language teaching and replacing them by old ones. In this research, researcher examined two different teaching approaches which are very common in Iran where English considered as a foreign language, namely Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Grammar Translation Method (GTM). Two groups of thirty participants have been participated in this study namely control and treatment groups. Students of the treatment group have received the CLT instruction in which they had high amount of interaction in the considered classes during 14 weeks of the classes while students in the control group didn’t receive any interaction in the target language by implementing GTM approach. Pretest and delayed posttest have been used in this study for measuring student’s proficiency during the course instruction. Results of the experiment have been analyzed descriptively which shows that by implementing CLT among nonnative students, their general knowledge of English can be improved significantly. At the end of the research some useful pedagogical implications have been proposed by the researcher.   Keywords - Language teaching and learning, interaction hypothesis, Communicative Language Teaching, Grammar Translation Method, English as a Foreign Language.

scholarly journals Standardisasi Pengajaran Bipa: Revaluasi Metode Menuju Kompetensi Komunikatif

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
I Ketut Darma Laksana
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Teaching Material

The method of language teaching to achieve communicative competencies to be a choice in second language learning has not developed widely at this time. This paper aims to present the workings of the Linguistic Method as a form of revaluation of traditional methods of language teaching which are considered to have not met the requirements of BIPA Teaching Standardization. The traditional teaching methods applied so far still revolve around the Direct Method and Translation Method. Both of these methods are suspected of not being able to bring learners to communicative competence. The application of the Direct Method has not shown maximum results because it only relies on teaching methods by prioritizing the use of the target language (second language), but the issue of teaching material does not receive an adequate portion to achieve the expected communicative competence. Similarly the Translation Method which basically attempts to convey material by translating it into learner language (generally in English to deal with heterogeneous classes), nor touching teaching material. In connection with that, Cognitive Linguistics which gave birth to Cognitivism Theory and is known as the Linguistic Method in second language teaching is important to be applied to achieve communicative competence. By the standardization it means that method of language teaching must be measured by the linguistic methods itself as a guidance: teaching each aspect of language, such as grammatical patterns, vocabulary groups, and sound devices is carried out in five stages, namely recognition, imitation, repetition, variation, and selection.

scholarly journals contrastive study of grammar translation method and direct method in teaching of English language to primary school pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Spahiu ◽  
Naim Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
National Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Grammar Translation Method ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Primary School Pupils

There have always been different methods of teaching and learning of English language and throughout the years these methods have changed and improved. The Grammar Translation Method is one of the first and the main methods in teaching and learning of English language. This method enables the learning through the translation of various texts and the study of grammatical rules, which is its main activity. Moreover, in a class where Grammar Translation Method is used the target language is used less while the students are mainly taught in their national language, i.e. L1. Therefore, since this method was less effective in preparing the learners to use the target language communicatively, a new method was introduced. Thus, the Direct Method became used and popular among learners and teachers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Native Language Use on Second Language Vocabulary Learning by Saudi EFL Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper strives to explore the impact of Native Language use on Foreign Language vocabulary learning on the basis of empirical and available data. The study is carried out with special reference to the English Language Programme students in Buraydah Community College, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The Native Language of these students is Arabic and their Second Language is English. The participants in this research study are the post-secondary students of Buraydah Community College in Intensive Course Programme. The instrument used in this study was in the form of two tests. It is well known that in language assessment tests play a pivotal role in evaluating the EFL learners’ language proficiency. The use of native language as a semantic tool for assessing second language learners’ understanding shouldn’t be rejected altogether especially for the undergrad Saudi EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students. The outcomes of the study show that in learning the vocabulary of target language is significantly helped by the use of translation method of native language (Arabic) in understanding the meaning of novel words and expressions of foreign language (English). This method is widely welcomed by majority of the students of Buraydah Community College. It’s recommended to use this method in order to take the students directly to the core meaning of the word or expression. It also, sometimes, gives a sense of accuracy of the meaning of native language equivalents.</p>

scholarly journals Translation in ESL Classes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Imola Katalin Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Grammar Translation Method ◽  
The Times

Abstract The problem of translation in foreign language classes cannot be dealt with unless we attempt to make an overview of what translation meant for language teaching in different periods of language pedagogy. From the translation-oriented grammar-translation method through the complete ban on translation and mother tongue during the times of the audio-lingual approaches, we have come today to reconsider the role and status of translation in ESL classes. This article attempts to advocate for translation as a useful ESL class activity, which can completely fulfil the requirements of communicativeness. We also attempt to identify some activities and games, which rely on translation in some books published in the 1990s and the 2000s.

From Structures to Communicative

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. R. Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

Language teaching has traditionally adopted one of two complementary orientations towards its subject matter. It has either taken the view that language is a system and the primary objective of teaching must therefore be to insure that the system is mastered or it has taken the view that language is essentially a set of artifacts (texts and the like). System oriented language teaching (e. g., the grammar-translation method or the structural approach) has typically emphasized the generality of linguistic rules and attempted to describe and teach “the language as a whole,” whereas text-oriented approaches (such as, for instance, situational and communicative language teaching) have attempted to teach an appropriate sub-set of relevant texts which are taken to define “what the learner really needs.” The characteristic fault of system-based approaches. which explains how otherwise sane men were able to produce absurdities like “ The pen of my aunt is in the sporran of the Scotsman” [A good example of the genitive, my boy!] or pattern practices like “Are you English?” (cue: my brother) trained to fall victim to these little nonsenses, but what are the equivalent crimes of text-based language teaching? They are less easy to spot, but they generally take the form of “wasting police time.” If, as text-based teaching impliesm every text is potential grist to the learning mill, there is no reliable way of distinguishing between texts which are important because they stretch the learner's command of the target language and those which merely have been obvious.

scholarly journals تعليم اللغة العربية في المعهد الإسلامي بفونوروغو

Studi Arab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Moh Munir
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Instructional Method ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

Learning Arabic in Indonesia has experienced the ups and downs along with the dynamics of education in Islamic educational institutions. It gives good attention in Arabic teaching is Islamic boarding school. The Islamic boarding school students have not been able to master language skills well, like Arrisalah concerns with speaking skill and Al amin Hudatul Muna 1 concerns with reading skill. This research focused on three aspects: the materials, the instrutions process and the kinds of languages activities in Arabic teaching in modern and salaf Islamic boarding school for class two. It is kind of qualitative study design to describe the results and collecting the data.The results of this study are: (1) the Arabic teaching materials in modern Islamic boarding school consist of 7 subjects, and salaf consist of 5 subjects. (2) the instructional method in modern Islamic boarding school are used grammar translation method, direct method, audio lingual method, reading method and inductive method. The instructional method in salaf islamic boarding school are used grammar translation method and deductive method. (3) the kinds of language activities in modern Islamic boarding school devided into two kinds namely language activities inside the class and language activities outside the class.

scholarly journals Second language pragmatic ability: Individual differences according to environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Wyner ◽  
Andrew D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Pragmatic Transfer

The aims of this paper are to review research literature on the role that the second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) environments actually play in the development of learners’ target language (TL) pragmatic ability, and also to speculate as to the extent to which individual factors can offset the advantages that learners may have by being in the L2 context while they are learning. The paper starts by defining pragmatics and by problematizing this definition. Then, attention is given to research literature dealing with the learning of pragmatics in an L2 context compared to an FL context. Next, studies on the role of pragmatic transfer are considered, with subsequent attention given to the literature on the incidence of pragmatic transfer in FL as opposed to L2 contexts. Finally, selected studies on the role of motivation in the development of pragmatic ability are examined. In the discussion section, a number of pedagogical suggestions are offered: the inclusion of pragmatics in teacher development, the use of authentic pragmatics materials, motivating learners to be more savvy about pragmatics, and supporting learners in accepting or challenging native-speaker norms. Suggestions as to further research in the field are also offered.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAHIRAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS MAHASISWA POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA MELALUI MAGIC FIVE FINGERS METHOD

Epigram ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriatnoko Supriatnoko ◽  
Hastuti Redyanita
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Grammar Translation Method

AbstrakPenelitian PENINGKATAN KEMAHIRAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS MAHASISWA POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA MELALUI MAGIC FIVE FINGERS METHOD ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berbicara bahasa Inggris mahasiswa PNJ khususnya mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi dan Program Studi Keuangan dan Perbankan serta untuk meningkatkan kualitas kinerja dosen dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris, mengingat sampai saat ini hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam kemahiran berbicara bahasa Inggris masih belum memuaskan. Mencermati metode yang selama ini diterapkan seperti direct method dan grammar translation method belum mampu meningkatkan kemahiran mahasiswa dalam berbicara dengan penuh percaya diri tanpa keraguan. Pentingnya penelitian ini diusulkan, yakni untuk mendukung Renstra dan visi, misi serta tujuan PNJ menjadi politeknik unggul dimana bahasa Inggris menjadi faktor pendukung utama keahlian program studi. Penelitian ini diusulkan pelaksanaannya pada tahun 2017 ini, menggunakan pola penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sehingga penelitian bersifat siklis. Data dikumpulkan melalui penggunaan teknik tes lisan berbicara. Tes diberikan sebagai bukti dari proses dan hasil belajar yang telah dilaksanakan pada pokok bahasan yang dipelajari mahasiswa dan dianalisis melalui teknik analisis deskriptif dan teknik analisis kritis. Output berupa hasil penelitian disampaikan dalam seminar nasional/internasional, dan publikasi dalam bentuk jurnal skala nasional. Outcome penelitian berupa bukti kemahiran berbicara yang dimiliki setiap mahasiswa yang telah mengalami treatment sebagai sampel. Dilaksanakan melalui tahapan Pra Siklus, Siklus 1, Siklus 2, Siklus 3. Pada akhir Siklus 3 diperoleh hasil skor nilai sebesar 80.4 dengan jumlah peserta didik yang berhasil mampu membuat kalimat pertanyaan dengan menggunakan verb 1, to be + verb-ing, modal auxiliary will, have/has + verb 3, dan will have + verb3 sebanyak 61 dari jumpal sampel sebanyak 89 orang. Dengan demikian, hipotesis penelitian dapat diterima.Kata Kunci: Kemahiran berbicara, Mahasiswa, Magic Five Fingers, PTK, Siklis

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