Soil nematodes in the field and fallow - density and diversity

The results presented here concern the study, which was carried out in the spring of 2009 on an arable field and a fallow. Following parameters were analysed: density, taxonomic composition, trophic and dominance structure of soil nematode communities. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Sørensen’s index of similarity and Maturity index were also calculated. The results show that the nematode community in the soil of arable field differed from that on the fallow in respect of density and trophic structure. Nematode density was higher in the arable soil than in the fallow. The group of bacterial-feeding nematodes was the most numerous among five trophic groups recorded in the study. The higher density of that group in the arable soil than in the fallow indicates the positive response of bacterial-feeding nematodes to the higher nutrient supply after the manure applying. The results show that in three years of fallow nematode communities became more mature and diverse than in the arable soil. The study confirms the indicative value of some nematode community parameters and indices for the assessment of the varying human intervention on the functional state of the soil.

Download Full-text

Nicienie glebowe na polu i odłogu – zagęszczenie i różnorodność

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae ◽

10.21697/seb.2011.9.2.03 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 45-66

Author(s):

Krassimira Ilieva-Makulec ◽

Renata Franczak ◽

Grzegorz Makulec

Keyword(s):

Trophic Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Arable Field ◽

Dominance Structure

The results presented here concern the study, which was carried out in spring 2009 on an arable field and a fallow. The following parameters were analyzed: density, taxonomic composition, trophic and dominance structure of soil nematode communities. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Sørensen’s index of similarity, and Maturity index were also calculated. The results show that the nematode community in the soil of arable field differed from that on the fallow in respect of density and trophic structure. Nematode density was higher in the arable soil than in the fallow. The group of bacterial-feeding nematodes was the most numerous among five trophic groups recorded in the study. The higher density of that group in the arable soil than in the fallow indicates the positive response of bacterial-feeding nematodes to the higher nutrient supply after the manure applying. The results show that in three years of fallow nematode communities became more mature and diverse than in the arable soil. The study confirms the indicative value of some nematode community parameters and indices for the assessment of the varying human intervention and the functional state of the soil.

Download Full-text

Altitudinal gradient affect abundance, diversity and metabolic footprint of soil nematodes in Banihal-Pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95651-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shahid Afzal ◽

Humira Nesar ◽

Zarrin Imran ◽

Wasim Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Elevation Gradient ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Nematode Abundance ◽

Belowground Carbon ◽

Abundance And Diversity

AbstractDespite enormous diversity, abundance and their role in ecosystem processes, little is known about how community structures of soil-inhabiting nematodes differ across elevation gradient. For this, soil nematode communities were investigated along an elevation gradient of 1000–2500 masl across a temperate vegetation in Banihal-Pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range. We aimed to determine how the elevation gradient affect the nematode community structure, diversity and contribution to belowground carbon assimilation in the form of metabolic footprint. Our results showed that total nematode abundance and the abundance of different trophic groups (fungivores, herbivores and omnivores) declined with the increase of elevation. Shannon index, generic richness and evenness index indicated that nematode communities were more diverse at lower elevations and declined significantly with increase in elevation. Nematode community showed a pattern of decline in overall metabolic footprint with the increase of elevation. Nematode abundance and diversity proved to be more sensitive to elevation induced changes as more abundant and diverse nematode assemblage are supported at lower elevations. Overall it appears nematode abundance, diversity and contribution to belowground carbon cycling is stronger at lower elevations and gradually keep declining towards higher elevations under temperate vegetation cover in Banihal-pass of Pir-Panjal mountain range.

Download Full-text

How are nematode communities affected during a conversion from conventional to organic farming in southern French vineyards?

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854112x624195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 665-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Patrice Coll ◽

Edith Le Cadre ◽

Patrice Coll ◽

Edith Le Cadre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Enrichment Index ◽

Structure Index

The rate of conversion from conventional vineyards to organic farming practices is increasing. Organic farming improves some soil properties, although some organic practices have negative effects on soils. The objective of this work was to study the long-term effects of organic farming through the use of soil nematodes as bio-indicators of soil processes. Our experimentation was conducted in a commercial vineyard where plots belonged to two types of viticulture: conventional viticulture and organic viticulture (for 7, 11 and 17 years). The nematode community structure and nematode indices were determined. The main result was that organic practices increased soil nematode density. An increase in the available resources, as measured by a higher enrichment index (EI), led to an increase in the microbial feeder density and mainly opportunistic fungal-feeding nematodes. A greater density of plant-feeding nematodes was attributed to the presence of a grass cover. The functioning of the soil was shifted with the decomposition channel of the soil organic matter becoming more fungal than bacterial. Even though changes were observed in the nematode community structure following the conversion, the maturity index (MI), the plant-parasitic index (PPI) and the structure index (SI) remained constant. Consequently, the organic practices did not improve the soil food web length or complexity even though the biological activity, as measured by microbial biomass and total nematode density, increased.

Download Full-text

The influence of Western corn rootworm seed coating and granular insecticides on the seasonal fluctuations of soil nematode communities in a maize field

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-013-0132-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Čerevková ◽

Ľ. Cagáň

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽

Western Corn Rootworm ◽

Maturity Index ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Corn Rootworm ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Maize Field

Abstract Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is a pest that needs to be controlled with chemicals in the maize monoculture. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of insecticides on nematode communities in a maize field. Four soil treatments were used in this experiment: variant 1 — a granular application with tefluthrin (199.5 g a.i./ha); variant 2 — a granular application with clothianidin (110 g a.i./ha); variant 3 — a seed treatment with clothianidin (1.25 μg a.i/seed); and control — a maize field without insecticides. During the investigated period, a total of 19 117 soil nematode individuals were captured and 9 orders, 33 genera and 37 species were identified. Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus striatus and Basiria gracilis were the dominant species, accounting for 48 % of the total number of individuals. The mean abundance and species diversity index were significantly lower for variant 2. Bacterial feeders were the dominant trophic group for all 4 variants. The numbers of nematodes in particular trophic groups (i.e., bacterial feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores) were significantly different between variant 2 and the control. The Σ Maturity index, Maturity index and Plant parasitic index did not show significant differences among the variants. The higher values of the Enrichment and Structure indices were observed in the first month of the investigation in all 4 variants. A cluster analysis showed that nematode species population densities were strongly affected by the date of soil sample collection and by the variants used in the experiment.

Download Full-text

Spatial variation in biodiversity and trophic structure of soil nematode communities in a subtropical savanna parkland: Responses to woody plant encroachment

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lori A. Biederman ◽

Thomas W. Boutton

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Trophic Structure ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Woody Plant Encroachment ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Subtropical Savanna ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

Download Full-text

Distribution of nematodes in wetland soils with difference distance from the Bohai sea 359–366

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/417-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H.Y. Wu ◽

X.X. Li ◽

L.B. Shi ◽

Z.H. Wang ◽

F.Y. Ma

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bohai Sea ◽

Coastal Wetland ◽

Yellow River ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Soil Nematodes ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Plant Parasitism ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

In order to elucidate the distribution of soil nematodes in coastal wetlands and the effect of different distance from the sea line on soil nematode communities, we investigated the community structure of soil nematodes in one wetland perpendicularly oriented from Bohai sea coastline. In June 2006, soil samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetlands, in Dongying city of Shandong Province, China. Soil nematode communities were analyzed at the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm. The results showed that plant parasite nematodes were the most abundant trophic groups in both depths and at four sites. The average relative abundance was 91.33% of the nematode community. Several ecological indices which reflected soil nematode community structure, diversity, maturity and plant parasitism were compared in these four sites. The results indicated that the maturity index (MI) and plant parasitism index (PPI) were more sensitive than the other indices for assessing the response of soil nematode communities to soil of coastal wetland.

Download Full-text

Soil nematode community response to fertilisation in the root-associated and bulk soils of a rice-wheat agroecosystem

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002988 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 727-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Yong Li ◽

Qirong Shen ◽

Huixin Li ◽

Joann K. Whalen

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Community Response ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Rice Soil ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Nematode Diversity ◽

Growing Conditions

The practice of growing agricultural crops in rows results in larger soil nematode populations in the root-associated soil than in the bulk soil between the rows. Fertilisers applied to improve grain yield generally increase the abundance of nematode communities in agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to compare total nematode density and four dominant genera in the root-associated and bulk soils of paddy rice and upland wheat receiving organic and mineral fertilisers. Dominant nematode genera accounted for 80% of all nematodes and represented four trophic groups. There was greater total nematode density and a higher enrichment index (EI) but less nematode diversity (H′) and a lower structure index (SI) in the root-associated soil than bulk soil of upland wheat. By contrast, nematode abundance, diversity and ecological indices were similar in the root-associated and bulk soils of the paddy rice. Soil nematode communities were affected significantly and consistently by fertilisation in upland wheat and paddy rice phases. More herbivoreHirschmanniellawere present with mineral fertiliser than in the non-fertilised control. Straw-based organic fertilisers increased the abundance of bacterivoreEucephalobus. The lack of interaction between rhizosphere effect and fertilisation indicated that crop-growing conditions (different species and water regimes) were more influential on nematode communities and not consistently impacted by short-term organic and mineral fertilisation in the rice-wheat agroecosystem.

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of a wildfire on the soil nematode communities in the spruce forest ecosystem of High Tatra National Park

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf14138 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 702 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marek Renčo ◽

Andrea Čerevková

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Control Plot ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Spruce Forest ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Communities

This study evaluated the effect of a wildfire on soil nematode communities in the spruce forest ecosystem of the High Tatra Mountains 8 years after the fire. Two plots were established, an intact control plot (REF) and a fire-damaged plot after a windstorm (FIR). A total of 20 representative soil samples were collected; 10 from each site (five in June and five in October). A total of 64 species of nematodes were recorded. The mean number of species 8 years after the fire ranged from 24 to 36 and was always significantly higher in REF than in FIR (P < 0.05); with a significantly higher Shannon–Weaver diversity index in REF. Bacterivores were the most abundant trophic group at both sites. Omnivores were more abundant in FIR than in REF, and predators were more abundant in REF. The most abundant species at both sites were Acrobeloides nanus, Aglenchus agricola, Malenchus exiguus and Paratylenchus microdorus. Epidermal or root-hair feeders, mainly Malenchus exiguus, were the most abundant plant-parasitic nematodes at both sites, followed by the ectoparasitic P. microdorus. The migratory endoparasite, Pratylenchus pratensis, was found only in FIR in relatively high numbers, whereas the ectoparasitic species Criconemoides morgensis, Crossonema menzeli and Ogma cobbi occupied only REF. Nematode abundance and species diversity index differed significantly between the disturbed and undisturbed habitats, but ecological and functional indices and metabolic footprints indicate that the soil ecosystem 8 years after the fire had recovered, with moderate levels of nutrient enrichment comparable to those of the control plot.

Download Full-text

Short-term effects of cadmium and mercury on soil nematode communities in a pot experiment

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153

Author(s):

Y. Lü ◽

X. Chen ◽

W.F. Xue ◽

W.D. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Trophic Group ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Short Term ◽

Pollution Effects ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Significant Difference

SummaryAnalysis of soil nematode feeding groups and functional guilds were used as a valuable tool to detect heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium (Cd) at 5 mg/kg, mercury (Hg) at 20mg/kg, combined Cd and Hg at 5+20mg/kg on the nematode communities were studied after three months application. Nematodes were collected from soil in rhizosphere of Morning glories (Pharhiris nil) which were applied as heavy metal accumulators and were grown in the experimental pots. Both single and combined heavy metals had marked effects on the nematode abundance, life-history strategies and feeding type composition. Bacteriovores and c-p 2 group were found to be the most abundant trophic group and functional guild, respectively. Acrobeloides and Pratylenchus were the most two abundant genera, decreasing number of them was responsible for the significant difference between control and polluted treatments. Cd-5 and Cd-Hg 5+20 presented lower values of nematode diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J’) than Hg-20. The combination of Cd and Hg showed lower nematode trophic diversity (TD), in comparison with single Cd or Hg. Conversely, heavy metals addition exhibited no pronounced effect on Maturity index (MI), structural index (SI) and enrichment index (EI). Our results demonstrate that genera composition is a better indicator to short-term heavy metal effects than some common indicator indices and emphasize that deeper assemblage analyses are needed for a correct interpretation of short-term disturbance on soil nematodes.

Download Full-text