scholarly journals Options to improve the coagulation process operation in a drinking water treatment plant. Case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Adina Pacala ◽  
◽  
Maria Laura Samonid ◽  
Bogdan Murariu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Jar Test

Aluminum salts are widely used across Romania in surface water treatment as coagulants. It is well-known that the efficiency of these coagulants has a complex dependency on the nature of the raw water, being affected by temperature, pH, and suspended solids. The objective of this case study was to compare the coagulation-flocculation efficiency process of raw water from the Bega River, at low temperature and turbidity, taking into account the use of alternative coagulating agents such as alum, poly aluminum chloride (PAC), and their mixing in 1:1 ratio. The raw water samples were treated using the "Jar Test" procedure, comparable with the current plant conditions at Timisoara Waterworks and taking into account possible operational improvements. For the mixture method applied in which was combined alum and PAC in 1:1 mixing ratio were achieved lower concentrations in aluminum residual, TOC, and turbidity.

scholarly journals Treatment of Severely-Deteriorated Post-Fire Runoff: A Comparison of Conventional and High-Rate Clarification to Demonstrate Key Drinking Water Treatment Capabilities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Skwaruk ◽  
Monica Emelko ◽  
Uldis Silins ◽  
Micheal Stone
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Doc Concentration

The ability to treat worst-case scenario, “black water” resulting from wildfire ash transport directly from hillslopes to source waters was investigated—this has not been reported previously. The treatment response capabilities of conventional chemical pre-treatment and high rate clarification processes were evaluated at bench scale; these included: sand-ballasted flocculation (SBF), SBF with enhanced coagulation, and SBF with powdered activated carbon (PAC).<div><br></div><div>Fresh ash was collected from the Thuya Lake Road (TLR) wildfire (+51.4098 latitude, -120.2435 longitude; burn area 556 ha), which was part of the Little Fort Fire Complex that burned in July 2017, near Little Fort, British Columbia, Canada. The ash was used to prepare a severely-deteriorated source water matrix. It was added to high quality river water (Elbow River, Calgary, Alberta) to reflect post-fire water quality conditions when ash is mobilized off the landscape to receiving waters during a major runoff event.</div><div><br></div><div><p>Prior to mixing, ash was sieved through a 1 mm screen to remove any large debris and conifer needles that typically would not be found in water treatment plant influent streams. Three concentrations of ash in river water were prepared (2.0, 10.0, and 20.0 g×L<sup>-1</sup> of ash; five replicates of each) by adding ash to 1000 mL of Elbow River water in 2-L plastic square beakers, and mixed using a jar test apparatus (Phipps & Bird, PB-900 Series Programmable 6-Paddle Jar Tester, Richmond, VA) at 120 RPM for 2 minutes. Turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations consistent with or slightly higher than the levels that have been reported following severe wildfire (i.e., >1000 NTU and >15mg×L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) were targeted. These water matrices were black-colored, in a manner consistent with previous reports of severely-deteriorated water conditions after wildfire.<sup></sup></p><p> </p><p>Standard methods were used to evaluate turbidity (Method 2130B;<sup> </sup>Hach 2100 N turbidimeter, Loveland, CO), pH (4500-H<sup>+</sup>B Electrometric method; <sup> </sup>Orion 720A pH meter, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), DOC concentration (filtration through pre-rinsed 0.45 µm Nylaflo membranes, Pall, Port Washington, NY; Method 5310C;<sup> </sup>Shimadzu TOC-V WP analyzer, Kyoto, Japan), and UVA<sub>254</sub> (Method 5910B;<sup> </sup>1 cm quartz cell; Hach DR 5000 Spectrophotometer, Loveland, CO). Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA)<sub> </sub>was calculated by dividing UVA<sub>254</sub> absorbance by the DOC concentration.</p></div><div></div>

Speciation and seasonal variation of various disinfection by-products in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant in East China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ren Zhou ◽  
Yi-Li Lin ◽  
Tian-Yang Zhang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Wen-Hai Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
East China ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
By Products

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the occurrence and seasonal variations of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including traditional carbonaceous and emerging nitrogenous DBPs, in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) for nearly 2 years. The removal efficiencies of each DBP through the treatment processes were also investigated. This DWTP takes raw water from the Yangtze River in East China. The quality of the raw water used in this DWTP varied with different seasons. The results suggested that DBP concentrations of the finished water were higher in spring (82.33 ± 15.12 μg/L) and summer (117.29 ± 9.94 μg/L) with higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels, but lower in autumn (41.10 ± 5.82 μg/L) and winter (78.47 ± 2.74 μg/L) with lower DOC levels. Due to the increase of bromide concentration in spring and winter, more toxic brominated DBPs increased obviously and took up a greater proportion. In this DWTP, DBP concentrations increased dramatically after pre-chlorination, especially in summer. It is noteworthy that the removal of DBPs during the subsequent treatment was more obvious in spring than in the other three seasons because the pH value is more beneficial to coagulation in spring.

scholarly journals Optimum Coagulant Forecasting with Modeling the Jar Test Experiments Using ANN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Haghiri ◽  
Sina Moharramzadeh ◽  
Amin Daghighi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Real Variable ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Jar Test

Abstract. Nowadays the proper utilization of water treatment plants and optimizing their use is of particular importance. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment are among the common ways through which the use of coagulants leads to instability of particles and formation of larger and heavier particles, resulting in improvement of sedimentation and filtration processes. Determination of the optimum dose of such a coagulant is of particular significance. A high dose, in addition to adding costs, can cause the sediment to remain in the filtrate, a dangerous condition according to the standards, while a sub-adequate dose of coagulants can result in the reducing the required quality and acceptable performance of the coagulation process. While jar tests are used for testing coagulants, such experiments face many constraints with respect to evaluating the results produced by sudden changes in input water because of their significant costs, long time requirements, and complex relationships among the many factors (turbidity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, etc.) that can influence the efficiency of coagulant and test results. Modeling can be used to overcome these limitations, and in this research study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with one hidden layer has been used for modeling the jar test to determine the dosage level of used coagulant in water treatment processes. The data contained in this research have been obtained from the drinking water treatment plant located in the Ardabil province. To evaluate the performance of the model, the parameters Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Correlation Coefficient R2 have been used. The obtained values are within an acceptable range that demonstrates the high accuracy of the models with respect to the estimation of water quality characteristics and the optimal dosages of coagulants, so using these models will allow operators to not only reduce costs and time taken to perform experimental jar tests, but also to predict a proper dosage for coagulant amounts and to project the quality of the output water under real variable conditions.

scholarly journals Treatment of Severely-Deteriorated Post-Fire Runoff: A Comparison of Conventional and High-Rate Clarification to Demonstrate Key Drinking Water Treatment Capabilities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Skwaruk ◽  
Monica Emelko ◽  
Uldis Silins ◽  
Micheal Stone
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Doc Concentration

The ability to treat worst-case scenario, “black water” resulting from wildfire ash transport directly from hillslopes to source waters was investigated—this has not been reported previously. The treatment response capabilities of conventional chemical pre-treatment and high rate clarification processes were evaluated at bench scale; these included: sand-ballasted flocculation (SBF), SBF with enhanced coagulation, and SBF with powdered activated carbon (PAC).<div><br></div><div>Fresh ash was collected from the Thuya Lake Road (TLR) wildfire (+51.4098 latitude, -120.2435 longitude; burn area 556 ha), which was part of the Little Fort Fire Complex that burned in July 2017, near Little Fort, British Columbia, Canada. The ash was used to prepare a severely-deteriorated source water matrix. It was added to high quality river water (Elbow River, Calgary, Alberta) to reflect post-fire water quality conditions when ash is mobilized off the landscape to receiving waters during a major runoff event.</div><div><br></div><div><p>Prior to mixing, ash was sieved through a 1 mm screen to remove any large debris and conifer needles that typically would not be found in water treatment plant influent streams. Three concentrations of ash in river water were prepared (2.0, 10.0, and 20.0 g×L<sup>-1</sup> of ash; five replicates of each) by adding ash to 1000 mL of Elbow River water in 2-L plastic square beakers, and mixed using a jar test apparatus (Phipps & Bird, PB-900 Series Programmable 6-Paddle Jar Tester, Richmond, VA) at 120 RPM for 2 minutes. Turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations consistent with or slightly higher than the levels that have been reported following severe wildfire (i.e., >1000 NTU and >15mg×L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) were targeted. These water matrices were black-colored, in a manner consistent with previous reports of severely-deteriorated water conditions after wildfire.<sup></sup></p><p> </p><p>Standard methods were used to evaluate turbidity (Method 2130B;<sup> </sup>Hach 2100 N turbidimeter, Loveland, CO), pH (4500-H<sup>+</sup>B Electrometric method; <sup> </sup>Orion 720A pH meter, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), DOC concentration (filtration through pre-rinsed 0.45 µm Nylaflo membranes, Pall, Port Washington, NY; Method 5310C;<sup> </sup>Shimadzu TOC-V WP analyzer, Kyoto, Japan), and UVA<sub>254</sub> (Method 5910B;<sup> </sup>1 cm quartz cell; Hach DR 5000 Spectrophotometer, Loveland, CO). Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA)<sub> </sub>was calculated by dividing UVA<sub>254</sub> absorbance by the DOC concentration.</p></div><div></div>

scholarly journals Evaluasi dan Optimalisasi Sistem Pengolahan Air Minum Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Jaluko Kapasitas 50 L/S Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harissa Gustinawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Planning Unit ◽  
Technical Specifications

Water Treatment Plant (IPA) capacity of 50 liters per second in the district Outer City Jambi Jambi Muaro use raw water source Batang Hari River. This installation was built in 2012 and was completed in late 2012. Air processed IPA Foreign Cities Jambi distributed to 12 regions located in the district of Jambi Outer City (Mendalo). Processing unit which exist in the IPA IPA is based prototype project using raw water source located Musi River in South Sumatra. The technical specifications references drinking water treatment plant should use the applicable standard is ISO 6774 in 2008 regarding the procedure of planning unit package water treatment plant and the literature regarding the design of IPA. There are differences between the dimensions of the design criteria based on ISO 6774-2008 with the existing dimensions of the IPA unit. Some of the units are not in accordance with design specifications. Affixing process chemicals do without testing it first, so it is not known optimal dose of the chemicals needed. This study aims to evaluate and optimize the design of the IPA unit Jambi existing State Affairs with the technical specifications of ISO 6774 in 2008 regarding the procedure of planning unit package water treatment plant and the literature regarding the design of IPA.Keywords :    Evaluation, Water Treatment Plant (IPA), ISO 6774-2008, WTP Optimization

scholarly journals A web-based early-warning service to monitor drinking-water treatment plant operations

2010 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Franclin S. Foping
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
The World

Drinking contaminated water can be harmful to our health. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.8 million people die every year across the world from water-borne diseases mainly caused by polluted drinking water. Furthermore, the cryptosporidium outbreak that happened in Galway in 2007 indicates the urgency to provide appropriate solutions in order to counteract this ominous situation in the country. Water treatment plants (WTP) are basic components of modern water supply and distribution systems. These are engineering systems that purify raw water to specific safety levels. The raw water passes through a series of treatment phases wherein it is processed and purified according to existing safety protocols regulating drinking water. After undergoing a purification step, the drinking water is distributed to the consumers through a network of pipes, pumps and reservoirs. The research presented in this report is focused on the safety of these critical infrastructures. In particular, the ...

Analysis of a clariflocculation process with a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA2000)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
L. Rossi ◽  
C. Lubello ◽  
E. Poggiali ◽  
O. Griffini
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Maximum Slope ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Photometric Dispersion

In this experimental study the clarification process of the drinking water treatment plant (WTP) of Florence (Italy) has been evaluated. At present, the most common way to optimise the clariflocculation process (best type and dosage of coagulants and mixing conditions) is the jar-test procedure which can give information about the final turbidity, and consequently the process efficiency, after a settling period in a batch procedure at laboratory-scale. An alternative method with a Photometric Dispersion Analyser (PDA2000) was recently introduced at the WTP to provide quick and continuous information (flocculation index, correlated with the flocs size) about the aggregation state of particles during a modified jar-test procedure. The PDA2000 was applied to a real suspension (namely Arno river water) providing useful data for the determination of best type and optimum dosage of coagulants. Furthermore a strong correlation between the removal efficiency of the turbidity and PDA a parameter derived from the PDA 2000 data (defined as the rate of the square root of the flocs size index and the maximum slope of the growing curve) was observed.

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