scholarly journals Analysis of odor concentration-dependent olfactory preference change using C. elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Takaaki HIROTSU
Keyword(s):  
Preference Change ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Olfactory Preference ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Odour concentration-dependent olfactory preference change in C. elegans

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Yoshida ◽  
Takaaki Hirotsu ◽  
Takanobu Tagawa ◽  
Shigekazu Oda ◽  
Tokumitsu Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preference Change ◽  
Olfactory Preference ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Odour Concentration

Coordinated change of acting sensory neurons is important for olfactory preference change depending upon odor concentration

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e174
Author(s):  
Kazushi Yoshida ◽  
Takaaki Hirotsu ◽  
Takanobu Tagawa ◽  
Shigekazu Oda ◽  
Yuichi Iino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Olfactory Preference

scholarly journals Addendum: Irrational behavior in C. elegans arises from asymmetric modulatory effects within single sensory neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shachar Iwanir ◽  
Rotem Ruach ◽  
Eyal Itskovits ◽  
Christian O. Pritz ◽  
Eduard Bokman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Model System ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Olfactory Preference ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Irrational Behaviour

We would like to make our readers aware of the publication by Cohen et al., which reports irrational behaviour in C. elegans olfactory preference[1] . These complementary studies establish C. elegans as a model system to explore the neural mechanisms of decision making.

scholarly journals Calcium dynamics regulating the timing of decision-making in C. elegans

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tanimoto ◽  
Akiko Yamazoe-Umemoto ◽  
Kosuke Fujita ◽  
Yuya Kawazoe ◽  
Yosuke Miyanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Multiple Trials

Brains regulate behavioral responses with distinct timings. Here we investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the timing of decision-making during olfactory navigation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that, based on subtle changes in odor concentrations, the animals appear to choose the appropriate migratory direction from multiple trials as a form of behavioral decision-making. Through optophysiological, mathematical and genetic analyses of neural activity under virtual odor gradients, we further find that odor concentration information is temporally integrated for a decision by a gradual increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which occurs via L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in a pair of olfactory neurons. In contrast, for a reflex-like behavioral response, [Ca2+]i rapidly increases via multiple types of calcium channels in a pair of nociceptive neurons. Thus, the timing of neuronal responses is determined by cell type-dependent involvement of calcium channels, which may serve as a cellular basis for decision-making.

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

How do histone modifications contribute to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in C. elegans?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Woodhouse ◽  
Alyson Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Histone Methyltransferases ◽  
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Gene regulatory information can be inherited between generations in a phenomenon termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). While examples of TEI in many animals accumulate, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven particularly useful in investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon. In C. elegans and other animals, the modification of histone proteins has emerged as a potential carrier and effector of transgenerational epigenetic information. In this review, we explore the contribution of histone modifications to TEI in C. elegans. We describe the role of repressive histone marks, histone methyltransferases, and associated chromatin factors in heritable gene silencing, and discuss recent developments and unanswered questions in how these factors integrate with other known TEI mechanisms. We also review the transgenerational effects of the manipulation of histone modifications on germline health and longevity.

Centrosome Aurora A gradient ensures single polarity axis in C. elegans embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1243-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Kapoor ◽  
Sachin Kotak
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Axis Formation ◽  
Aurora A Kinase ◽  
Aurora A ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Polarity Establishment

Cellular asymmetries are vital for generating cell fate diversity during development and in stem cells. In the newly fertilized Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, centrosomes are responsible for polarity establishment, i.e. anterior–posterior body axis formation. The signal for polarity originates from the centrosomes and is transmitted to the cell cortex, where it disassembles the actomyosin network. This event leads to symmetry breaking and the establishment of distinct domains of evolutionarily conserved PAR proteins. However, the identity of an essential component that localizes to the centrosomes and promotes symmetry breaking was unknown. Recent work has uncovered that the loss of Aurora A kinase (AIR-1 in C. elegans and hereafter referred to as Aurora A) in the one-cell embryo disrupts stereotypical actomyosin-based cortical flows that occur at the time of polarity establishment. This misregulation of actomyosin flow dynamics results in the occurrence of two polarity axes. Notably, the role of Aurora A in ensuring a single polarity axis is independent of its well-established function in centrosome maturation. The mechanism by which Aurora A directs symmetry breaking is likely through direct regulation of Rho-dependent contractility. In this mini-review, we will discuss the unconventional role of Aurora A kinase in polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos and propose a refined model of centrosome-dependent symmetry breaking.

Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Owen ◽  
John Patterson ◽  
Richard B. Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Detection Response ◽  
Response Groups ◽  
Visual Evoked

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

In Utero Development of Olfactory Preference for Alcohol in Rats

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Phend ◽  
Josephine F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
Olfactory Preference ◽  
In Utero Development

Behavioural assay for olfactory plasticity in C. elegans

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Hirotsu ◽  
Yu Hayashi ◽  
Ryo Iwata ◽  
Hirofumi Kunitomo ◽  
Eriko Kage-Nakadai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
C Elegans ◽  
Olfactory Plasticity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document