scholarly journals Exploratory research and development FY90

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Struble ◽  
C. Middleton ◽  
G. Baldwin ◽  
J. Cherniak ◽  
W. Clements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Exploratory Research

BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

scholarly journals Benefits of Exergy-Based Analysis for Aerospace Engineering Applications—Part I

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Doty ◽  
José A. Camberos ◽  
David J. Moorhouse
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aerospace Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Level ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Level Performance

This paper compares the analysis of systems from two different perspectives: an energy-based focus and an exergy-based focus. A complex system was simply modeled as interacting thermodynamic systems to illustrate the differences in analysis methodologies and results. The energy-based analysis had combinations of calculated states that are infeasible. On the other hand, the exergy-based analyses only allow feasible states. More importantly, the exergy-based analyses provide clearer insight to the combination of operating conditions for optimum system-level performance. The results strongly suggest changing the analysis/design paradigm used in aerospace engineering from energy-based to exergy-based. This methodology shift is even more critical in exploratory research and development where previous experience may not be available to provide guidance. Although the models used herein may appear simplistic, the message is very powerful and extensible to higher-fidelity models: the 1st Law is only anecessarycondition for design, whereas the 1st and 2nd Laws provide thesufficiencycondition.

scholarly journals Perfil del sector de alta tecnología en México: Una aproximación a la realidad

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Villalobos-Alonzo ◽  
Ana Eugenia Romo-González
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Development Process ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Innovation Activities

This article is the result of an exploratory research with the purpose of elucidating the profile of High Technology (TA) companies in Mexico, in relation to the processes of technological research and development, investment and cooperation. The information was obtained through a digital questionnaire that was sent to the companies via the internet. 112 companies from the Aerospace, Automotive, Manufacturing and IT sectors from seven states that have at least five sectors specialized in High Technology participated; Baja California, Chihuahua, the State of Mexico, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Puebla and Querétaro. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to process the data. One of the possibly known realities is that national companies are located in TA because of the company's line of work or activity, and not because of obtaining results as part of an intense Technological Research and Development process (TRD). These findings are a route for reflection and design of strategies that link various actors to jointly provide solutions: industry, society, academia, and government contribute to position México in the international framework of the knowledge economy and the achievement of better business economic results from the consequences obtained from innovation activities.

scholarly journals Irrigation wheat production constraints and opportunities in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Dube ◽  
Toi J. Tsilo ◽  
Nondumiso Z. Sosibo ◽  
Morris Fanadzo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
No Till

South Africa currently faces a wheat production crisis, suggesting that current policies, research and development projects may not be well aligned to farmer priorities. Through exploratory research, which included field inspections and farmer and researcher interviews, we identified the major constraints to irrigation wheat yield and explored opportunities for improving the yield and farmer profits. The dominant constraint to yield was identified as the low market price for grain, which makes farmers reluctant to invest in inputs for increasing wheat yield. Poor cultivar choice, cereal-based monocropping, the high cost of irrigation, inadequate irrigation water, low crop stands, soil acidity, no-till practices and red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) birds are negatively impacting yields. Most importantly, we highlight a misalignment between current research efforts and farmer priorities. Recommendations for corrective measures necessary to improve yield and farmer profits are provided. This new knowledge will be useful to policymakers and researchers for better orienting investments in research and development projects aimed at addressing the current wheat production crisis in the country.

scholarly journals Clean Energy and Fuel Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sesha S. Srinivasan ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Storage Technologies

Clean energy and fuel storage is often required for both stationary and automotive applications. Some of the clean energy and fuel storage technologies currently under extensive research and development are hydrogen storage, direct electric storage, mechanical energy storage, solar-thermal energy storage, electrochemical (batteries and supercapacitors), and thermochemical storage. The gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity, energy storage density, power output, operating temperature and pressure, cycle life, recyclability, and cost of clean energy or fuel storage are some of the factors that govern efficient energy and fuel storage technologies for potential deployment in energy harvesting (solar and wind farms) stations and on-board vehicular transportation. This Special Issue thus serves the need to promote exploratory research and development on clean energy and fuel storage technologies while addressing their challenges to a practical and sustainable infrastructure.

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