Countercurrent Process for Lignin Separation from Biomass Matrix

The aim of this paper was to propose and test a continuous cobalt recovery process from waste mobile phone batteries. The procedure started with dismantling, crushing, and classifying the materials. A study on leaching with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide was carried out with subsequent selective separation of cobalt by means of liquid–liquid extraction. The best extraction conditions were determined based on a sequence of experiments that consisted of selecting the best extractant for cobalt, then assessing the impact of extractant concentration, pH, and contact time on the extraction yield. With these conditions, an extraction isotherm was obtained and correlated with a mathematical model to define the number of extraction stages for a countercurrent process using the McCabe–Thiele method. Then, a similar study was done for stripping conditions and, as a last step, cobalt electroplating was performed. The proposed process offers a solution for the treatment of these batteries, avoiding potential problems of contamination and risk for living beings, as well as offering an opportunity to recover valuable metal.

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Transient- and Steady-State Concentration Profiles in a DIAMEX-like Countercurrent Process for An(III) + Ln(III) Separation

Separation Science and Technology ◽

10.1081/ss-100100210 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1055-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. FACCHINI ◽

L. AMATO ◽

G. MODOLO ◽

R. NANNICINI ◽

C. MADIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Steady State Concentration ◽

Countercurrent Process ◽

State Concentration ◽

Transient And Steady State

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Removal of dissolved organic carbon from surface water by anion exchange and adsorption: Bench-scale testing to simulate a two-stage countercurrent process

Separation and Purification Technology ◽

10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Katherine C. Graf ◽

David A. Cornwell ◽

Treavor H. Boyer

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Two Stage ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Countercurrent Process

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Transient solutions of equations for countercurrent capillary exchange

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1983.245.4.r534 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 245 (4) ◽

pp. R534-R540 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. D. Homer ◽

P. K. Weathersby

Keyword(s):

Renal Medulla ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Transient Responses ◽

Transient Solutions ◽

Countercurrent Exchange ◽

Capillary Exchange ◽

Vascular Beds ◽

Solutions Of Equations ◽

Washout Curves ◽

Countercurrent Process

A model for passive countercurrent capillary exchange is presented, and solutions for transient responses are obtained. The model is applied to an analysis of hydrogen gas exchange in the renal medulla. Estimates of medullary flow per gram tissue are in reasonable agreement with estimates obtained with vascular tracers and similar to the values for whole kidney. Semilog plots of tissue washout curves appear nearly linear but will overestimate flow if the countercurrent process is inefficient and will underestimate flow if the countercurrent exchange is efficient. Analysis of the countercurrent process also provides some insights into the importance of tracer exchange between capillaries in vascular beds not arranged in orderly countercurrent networks. Capillaries in other vascular beds that are close enough together to permit considerable exchange of inert gas tracers may simulate countercurrent effects if some of the adjacent capillaries are in countercurrent or staggered cocurrent arrangements.

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A Countercurrent Gaseous Diffusion Process; Theory of the Separation at Equilibrium

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1956-0406 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

Juan A. McMillan

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Process ◽

Experimental Device ◽

Process Theory ◽

Gaseous Diffusion ◽

Isotopic Mixture ◽

Relative Abundances ◽

Countercurrent Process

An experimental device for the obtention of a gaseous diffusion countercurrent process is proposed. The theory of the separation at equilibrium for a binary isotopic mixture is developed on the basis of the transport up the tube, the total and the desired molecules transverse transport. The solution is given for any value of the relative abundances.

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