Characterization and Expression Analysis of Resistance Gene Analogues in Elite Sugarcane Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqsa Parvaiz ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Cellular Dna

Background: Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs) are an important source of disease resistance in crop plants and have been extensively studies for their identification, tagging and mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). Tracking these RGAs in sugarcane can be of great help for the selection and screening of disease resistant clones. Objective: In the present study expression of different Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs) was assessed in indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes which include resistant, highly resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible to disease infestation. Methods: Total cellular DNA and RNA were isolated from fourteen indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes. PCR, semi-quantitative RT PCR and real time qPCR analyses were performed. The resultant amplicons were sequence characterized, chromosomal localization and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Result: All of the 15 RGA primers resulted in amplification of single or multiple fragments from genomic DNA whereas only five RGA primers resulted in amplification from cDNA. Sequence characterization of amplified fragments revealed 86-99% similarity with disease resistance proteins indicating their potential role in disease resistance response. Phylogenetic analysis also validated these findings. Further, expression of RGA-012, RGA-087, RGA-118, RGA-533 and RGA-542 appeared to be upregulated and down regulated in disease resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively, after inoculation with Colletotrichum falcatum. Conclusion: RGAs are present in most of our indigenous genotypes. Anyhow, differential expression of five RGAs indicated that they have some critical role in disease resistance. So, the retrieved results can not only be employed to devise molecular markers for the screening of disease resistant genotypes but can also be used to develop disease resistant plants through transgenic technology.

Structural and phylogenetic analysis of Pto-type disease resistance gene candidates in banana

2007 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santy Peraza-Echeverria ◽  
Andrew James-Kay ◽  
Blondy Canto-Canché ◽  
Eduardo Castillo-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Gene Candidates

Convergent insights into mechanisms determining disease and resistance response in plant–fungal interactions

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Johal ◽  
J. Gray ◽  
D. Gruis ◽  
S. P. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms ◽  
Plant Pathogenesis

In this review, an attempt has been made to scrutinize mechanisms controlling disease or resistance from the perspective of biological forces and constraints affecting co-evolution of a fungal pathogen with its plant host. We reckon that plants are naturally resistant to almost all potentially pathogenic organisms. Defense mechanisms responsible for this default resistance, also termed nonhost or general resistance, are many and include both physical and chemical factors triggered rapidly in response to attempted infection. Pathogenic organisms have to contend with these mechanisms before they can succeed in colonizing a plant. It appears that two different strategies, biotrophic and necrotrophic, have evolved in fungi for this purpose. In the former, defenses are not allowed to be triggered, and in the latter these mechanisms are suppressed or nullified. Consequently, two different kinds of resistance mechanisms have evolved in plants. Against biotrophs, resistance genes function to ensure that normal plant defenses are triggered in time to keep the plant resistant to the pathogen. Against necrotrophs, resistance genes operate to negate the key pathogenic strategy of the invader. Further evolution between the host and the pathogen, and hence durability of a disease resistance gene, is governed by the importance of the fungal target of a disease resistance gene in plant pathogenesis. Key words: disease resistance, plant–fungal interaction, plant pathogenesis, gene-for-gene interaction, defense mechanisms.

Cloning and Analysis of NBS-LRR Type Disease Resistance Gene Analogs from Rosa rubus in Yunnan

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ling CHEN ◽  
Hao ZHANG ◽  
Xian-Qin QIU ◽  
Hui-Jun YAN ◽  
Qi-Gang WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs

scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPphB Suppresses AvrB-Induced Activation of RPM1 but Not AvrRpm1-Induced Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Russell ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Roger W. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Soybean Plants

The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Arabidopsis and soybean plants expressing the disease resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and Rpg1b, respectively. In Arabidopsis, AvrB induces RPM1-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) to phosphorylate a disease regulator known as RIN4, which subsequently activates RPM1-mediated defenses. Here, we show that AvrPphB can suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrB and this suppression is correlated with the cleavage of RIPK by AvrPphB. Significantly, AvrPphB does not suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrRpm1, suggesting that RIPK is not required for AvrRpm1-induced modification of RIN4. This observation indicates that AvrB and AvrRpm1 recognition is mediated by different mechanisms in Arabidopsis, despite their recognition being determined by a single R protein. Moreover, AvrB recognition but not AvrRpm1 recognition is suppressed by AvrPphB in soybean, suggesting that AvrB recognition requires a similar molecular mechanism in soybean and Arabidopsis. In support of this, we found that phosphodeficient mutations in the soybean GmRIN4a and GmRIN4b proteins are sufficient to block Rpg1b-mediated hypersensitive response in transient assays in Nicotiana glutinosa. Taken together, our results indicate that AvrB and AvrPphB target a conserved defense signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and soybean that includes RIPK and RIN4.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis reveals Flavobacteriaceae as potential ancestral source of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
Zhangqi Shen ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Jiauyue Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Potential Origin

Abstract Emergence of tigecycline-resistance tet(X) gene orthologues rendered tigecycline ineffective as last-resort antibiotic. To understand the potential origin and transmission mechanisms of these genes, we survey the prevalence of tet(X) and its orthologues in 2997 clinical E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates collected nationwide in China with results showing very low prevalence on these two types of strains, 0.32% and 0%, respectively. Further surveillance of tet(X) orthologues in 3692 different clinical Gram-negative bacterial strains collected during 1994–2019 in hospitals in Zhejiang province, China reveals 106 (2.7%) tet(X)-bearing strains with Flavobacteriaceae being the dominant (97/376, 25.8%) bacteria. In addition, tet(X)s are found to be predominantly located on the chromosomes of Flavobacteriaceae and share similar GC-content as Flavobacteriaceae. It also further evolves into different orthologues and transmits among different species. Data from this work suggest that Flavobacteriaceae could be the potential ancestral source of the tigecycline resistance gene tet(X).

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