Late-life Depression and Alzheimer Disease: A Potential Synergy of the Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
pp. 5389-5394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Leszek ◽  
Elżbieta Trypka ◽  
Euphrosyni Koutsouraki ◽  
Dimitrios Michmizos ◽  
Nagendra Sastry Yarla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

A number of biological and clinical characteristics typical of late life depression (LLD) have been suggested by recent research findings. The close association of LLD with cognitive impairment is now well documented and evidenced. However, it is still not clear whether it is depression that leads to cognitive decline, and in more severe cases, to dementia. The work presented in this review article suggests that depression and dementia frequently and strongly copresent, even if the causality remains largely opaque.

Be Fit, Be Sharp, Be Well: The Case for Exercise as a Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Late-life Depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vonetta M. Dotson ◽  
Andrew M. Gradone ◽  
Hannah R. Bogoian ◽  
Lex R. Minto ◽  
Zinat Taiwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Neurochemical Changes

Abstract Objective: To lay out the argument that exercise impacts neurobiological targets common to both mood and cognitive functioning, and thus more research should be conducted on its use as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for cognitive impairment in late-life depression (LLD). Method: This narrative review summarizes the literature on cognitive impairment in LLD, describes the structural and functional brain changes and neurochemical changes that are linked to both cognitive impairment and mood disruption, and explains how exercise targets these same neurobiological changes and can thus provide an alternative or adjunctive treatment for cognitive impairment in LLD. Results: Cognitive impairment is common in LLD and predicts recurrence of depression, poor response to antidepressant treatment, and overall disability. Traditional depression treatment with medication, psychotherapy, or both, is not effective in fully reversing cognitive impairment for most depressed older adults. Physical exercise is an ideal treatment candidate based on evidence that it 1) is an effective treatment for depression, 2) enhances cognitive functioning in normal aging and in other patient populations, and 3) targets many of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie mood and cognitive functioning. Results of the limited existing clinical trials of exercise for cognitive impairment in depression are mixed but overall support this contention. Conclusions: Although limited, existing evidence suggests exercise may be a viable alternative or adjunctive treatment to address cognitive impairment in LLD, and thus more research in this area is warranted. Moving forward, additional research is needed in large, diverse samples to translate the growing research findings into clinical practice.

Cognitive impairment in remitted late-life depression is not associated with Alzheimer's disease-related CSF biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Júlia C. Loureiro ◽  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Marcos V. Pais ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Paulo R. Canineu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Late Life Depression

Association between physical frailty and cognition in late-life depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S84-S84
Author(s):  
M. Arts ◽  
R. Collard ◽  
H. Comijs ◽  
M. Zuidersma ◽  
S. de Rooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Frailty Criteria

IntroductionCognitive frailty has recently been defined as the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. Late-life depression is associated with both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, especially processing speed and executive functioning.Aim and objectivesIn this study, we investigated the association between physical frailty and cognitive functioning in depressed older persons.MethodsIn a total of 378 patients (> 60 years) with depression according to DSM-IV criteria and a MMSE score of 24 points or higher, the physical frailty phenotype as well as its individual criteria (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, low activity) was studied. Cognitive functioning was examined in 4 domains: verbal memory, working memory, interference control, and processing speed.ResultsOf the 378 depressed patients (range 60–90 years; 66.1% women), 61 were classified as robust (no frailty criteria present), 214 as prefrail (1 or 2 frailty criteria present), and 103 as frail (> 3 criteria). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, showed that the severity of physical frailty was associated with poorer verbal memory, slower processing speed, and decreased working memory, but not with changes in interference control.ConclusionIn late-life depression, physical frailty is associated with poorer cognitive functioning, although not consistently for executive functioning. Future studies should examine whether cognitive impairment in the presence of physical frailty belongs to cognitive frailty and is indeed an important concept to identify a specific subgroup of depressed older patients, who need multimodal treatment strategies integrating physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Association of Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Objective Cognitive Impairment in Late Life Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. S90-S91
Author(s):  
Ruth Morin ◽  
David D. Bickford ◽  
Yiu Ho Au ◽  
Kelly B. Scherer ◽  
Daniel C. Catalinotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Overview of Late-Life Depression

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Alcohol Treatments

Chapter 4 outlines late-life depression. It explores the causes of depression (including medical conditions, medication, and alcohol), treatments for depression, and other diagnoses (bipolar disorder, co-occuring anxiety, and personality disorders), depression and cognitive impairment, and collaborative care.

scholarly journals MRI-Based Classification Models in Prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Late-Life Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra K. Lebedeva ◽  
Eric Westman ◽  
Tom Borza ◽  
Mona K. Beyer ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Late Life Depression

Comorbidity of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression Increase Mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios K. Georgakis ◽  
Fotios C. Papadopoulos ◽  
Athanasios D. Protogerou ◽  
Ioanna Pagonari ◽  
Fani Sarigianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression

The pattern and course of cognitive impairment in late-life depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Köhler ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
N. A. Barnett ◽  
J. T. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Remission Status ◽  
Current Mood

BackgroundCognitive deficits persist despite clinical recovery in subjects with late-life depression, but more needs to be known about their longer-term outcome and factors affecting their course. To investigate this, we followed the pattern of cognitive impairments over time and examined the effects of current mood, remission status, age of depression onset and antidepressant (AD) treatment on these deficits.MethodSixty-seven subjects aged ⩾60 years with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and 36 healthy comparison subjects underwent tests of global cognition, memory, executive functioning and processing speed at baseline, 6 and 18 months, with some subjects tested again after 4 years. z scores were compared between groups, with analyses of clinical factors that may have influenced cognitive performance in depressed subjects.ResultsHalf of the patients exhibited a generalized cognitive impairment (GCI) that persisted after 18 months. Patients performed worse across all cognitive domains at all time points, without substantial variability due to current mood, remission status or AD treatment. Late age of onset was associated significantly with decline in memory and executive functioning. Impaired processing speed may be a partial mediator of some deficits, but was insufficient to explain differences between patients and controls. Four-year follow-up data suggest impairments persist, but do not further decline.ConclusionsCognitive deficits in late-life depression persist up to 4 years, affect multiple domains and are related to trait rather than state effects. Differences in severity and course between early and late onset depression suggest different pathogenic processes.

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