Dysregulation of Lysyl Oxidases Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy and Renal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Añazco ◽  
Sebastián Cerro ◽  
Nicolás Pereira ◽  
Camila Rojas ◽  
Álvaro Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Lysyl Oxidases ◽  
Essential Components

: Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are amino oxidase enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of lysine and hydroxylysine residues to form allysine, the first step towards the development of the final cross-linking reaction in collagens, a crucial macromolecule that reinforces extracellular matrices. Basement membranes are specialized extracellular matrices that are essential components of the glomerular filtration barrier, which also support tubular epithelial cells. Lysyl oxidases are post-translational enzymes indispensable for tissue architecture, participating actively in the development and function of kidneys. The differential expression and dysregulation of these enzymes promote diabetic nephropathy, one of the major complications observed in end-stage renal diseases. In addition, these enzymes act as transcription factors that trigger the epithelial-mesenchymal transition responsible for the generation of different cancers. In the kidney, the expression studies in physiological conditions identified LOXL1 and LOXL2 as constituent proteins of glomerular basement membranes. Besides, LOX and LOXL2 are upregulated in fibrosis and renal cell carcinoma. The current review summarizes the physiological expression of LOXs enzymes in the nephrons, including glomerulus and tubules. Their roles in renal diseases are particularly highlighted in diabetic nephropathy and renal cell carcinoma, two pathophysiological conditions where these enzymes have been demonstrated to participate. The focus of the present study is to describe and discuss the current understanding in this field. The current potential of LOXs enzymes as a biomarker and pharmacological target to kidney diseases that involves extracellular matrix cross-linking enzymes is also discussed. LOXs isoforms and their capacity as therapeutic targets could be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and in treating these renal complications.

scholarly journals Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis May Be Associated with Susceptibility to Renal Cell Carcinoma in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 9679-9689
Author(s):  
Yueming Luo ◽  
Zhaoyu Lu ◽  
Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser ◽  
Haifeng Yang ◽  
Jialing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Renal Cell

scholarly journals Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and IgM deposits on glomerular capillary walls after immunotherapy with nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisuke Irifuku ◽  
Ayaka Satoh ◽  
Hiroki Tani ◽  
Kouichi Mandai ◽  
Takao Masaki
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽  
Igm Deposits

Abstract Nivolumab is an anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody that is utilized as an immune checkpoint inhibitor for several malignancies. However, this agent is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), mainly in the spectrum of autoimmune disease including interstitial pneumonia, colitis, type 1 diabetes, and renal impairment. We herein present the case of a 59-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma who developed worsening renal function approximately 4 months after initiation of nivolumab. Urinalysis showed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria along with increase levels of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and thickening of the glomerular basement membranes. Immunofluorescence showed granular IgM deposits in capillary loops. We initiated high-dose prednisolone therapy with nivolumab, which improved renal function and achieved complete remission of proteinuria. Although renal irAEs are considered to be rare and glomerulonephropathy is not typical presentation, physicians need the close monitoring of renal function and urinalysis in patients under immunotherapy with this agents. In addition, our case provides a possible link between nivolumab and immune-mediated glomerulonephropathy.

scholarly journals Histopathological Spectrum of Nephrectomies - A 10 Year Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 2752-2756
Author(s):  
Bhavya P. Mohan ◽  
Jaylakshmy Payippat Leelamma ◽  
Letha Vilasiniamma ◽  
Suresh Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

BACKGROUND Nephrectomy is the standard surgical treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in the kidney and provides more insight into the detailed histopathology of renal lesions. We wanted to identify the age groups, gender distribution and different histopathological types and subtypes of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens over a period of ten years. METHODS A retrospective analysis was done over a period of ten years (January 2006 to December 2015). All nephrectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam were recorded from histopathology registers and analysed with regard to age, gender and histopathological types. RESULTS A total of 532 lesions was encountered in our analysis. Males (61.8 %) were affected more than females (38.2 %). Lesions were more on the left side (50.8 %) than right side (49.2 %). Non-neoplastic lesions (53 %) outnumbered neoplastic lesions (47 %). Inflammatory and obstructive causes constituted the majority (43.8 %) in non-neoplastic lesions and renal cell carcinoma was the commonest neoplasm (71.2 %). CONCLUSIONS There is a wide age distribution of renal diseases in the present study. Inflammatory and obstructive conditions constituted the most common indication for nephrectomy, followed by malignant tumours. KEYWORDS Renal Cell Carcinoma, Nephrectomy, Pyelonephritis, Simple Renal Cyst, Wilms Tumour

scholarly journals MP85-08 DIRECT REGULATION OF COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING ENZYMES ( LOXL2 AND PLOD2 ) BY TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE MICRORNA-26A/B IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 195 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kurozumi ◽  
Mayuko Kato ◽  
Yusuke Goto ◽  
Atsushi Okato ◽  
Ryosuke Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking ◽  
Direct Regulation

scholarly journals Regulation of the collagen cross-linking enzymes LOXL2 and PLOD2 by tumor-suppressive microRNA-26a/b in renal cell carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA KUROZUMI ◽  
MAYUKO KATO ◽  
YUSUKE GOTO ◽  
RYOSUKE MATSUSHITA ◽  
RIKA NISHIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking

scholarly journals Perioperative Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), MCTCs, and CTC-White Blood Cells Detected by a Size-Based Platform Predict Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhenlong Wang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yue Chong ◽  
Yuquan Xue ◽  
Xiaojie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Control Group

To explore the clinical significance of the perioperative counts of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), mesenchymal CTCs (MCTCs), and CTC- white blood cells (WBCs) in renal cell carcinoma patients. A total of 131 patients with renal cancer who underwent operation excision from our hospital were enrolled. In addition, 20 patients with benign renal diseases were recruited as a control. Blood samples were collected from the 131 patients, before operation and 3 months after surgery. Samples were also obtained simultaneously from the control group. CanPatrol CTC detection technique was used to enrich and identify CTCs, MCTCs, and CTC-WBCs. All enrolled patients were T1-3N0M0. From these, 52 patients with renal cancer underwent radical resection, while other 79 patients underwent nephron-sparing surgery. The positive rate of CTC, MCTC, and CTC-WBC before surgery were 95.4% (125/131), 61.1% (80/131), and 11.5% (15/131), respectively. Preoperative total CTCs, MCTCs, or CTC-WBCs were poorly correlated with patients’ parameters. Preoperative CTC, MCTC, or CTC-WBC showed no association with progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, postoperative total CTCs (≥6), positive MCTCs, and positive CTC-WBCs significantly correlated with recurrence and metastasis. These results remained independent indicators for worse PFS. In addition, the increased CTC and MCTC count after surgery also correlated with unfavorable PFS. The detection of six or more total CTCs, MCTC, or CTC-WBCs in peripheral blood after surgery might help to identify a subset of patients that have higher recurrent risk than the overall population of patients with at different stages of renal cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligands in Renal Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8582
Author(s):  
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk ◽  
Jacek Kudelski ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Chemokine Ligand

The major invasive subtype of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The essential components of cancer development are chronic inflammation and neoangiogenesis. It has been suggested that the chemokine ligand 9, -10, –11 (CXCL9–11) and chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokines receptor expressed on monocytes, T and NK cells may be involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis. However, to date, little is known about the potential clinical significance of these chemokines and their receptor in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this review, we described the role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC. We performed an extensive search of the current literature in our investigation, using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. The changes of chemokines and their specific receptor in renal cell carcinoma were observed. Published studies revealed an increased expression of CXCR3 and elevated concentration of its ligands in RCC. The association between treatment of RCC and CXCL9–11/CXCR3 concentration and expression was also observed. Moreover, CXCR3 and its ligands levels were related to patient’s prognosis, risk of metastasis and tumor growth. This review describes the potential role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC, as well as their potential immune-therapeutic significance. However, future studies should aim to confirm the clinical and prognostic role of CXCL9–11/CXCR3 in renal cell carcinoma.

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