collagen cross linking
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Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Massimo Alfano ◽  
Irene Locatelli ◽  
Cristina D’Arrigo ◽  
Marco Mora ◽  
Giovanni Vozzi ◽  
...  

Purpose: The biochemical composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to condition development and invasiveness of neoplasms. To clarify this point, we analyzed ECM stiffness, collagen cross-linking and anisotropy in lymph nodes (LN) of Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), follicular lymphomas (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), compared with non-neoplastic LN (LDN). Methods and Results: We found increased elastic (Young’s) modulus in HL and advanced FL (grade 3A) over LDN, FL grade 1–2 and DLBCL. Digital imaging evidenced larger stromal areas in HL, where increased collagen cross-linking was found; in turn, architectural modifications were documented in FL3A by scanning electron microscopy and enhanced anisotropy by polarized light microscopy. Interestingly, HL expressed high levels of lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme responsible for collagen cross-linking. Using gelatin scaffolds fabricated with a low elastic modulus, comparable to that of non-neoplastic tissues, we demonstrated that HL LN-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and HL cells increased the Young’s modulus of the extracellular microenvironment through the expression of LOX. Indeed, LOX inhibition by β-aminopropionitrile prevented the gelatin stiffness increase. Conclusions: These data indicate that different mechanical, topographical and/or architectural modifications of ECM are detectable in human lymphomas and are related to their histotype and grading.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chute ◽  
Preetinder K Aujla ◽  
Yingxi Li ◽  
Sayantan Jana ◽  
Pavel Zhabyeyev ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11515
Author(s):  
Lennart Jütte ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Dierk Fricke ◽  
Maximilian Franke ◽  
Merve Wollweber ◽  
...  

Corneal collagen cross-linking is an established procedure for the treatment of certain eye diseases which is applied to enhance the mechanical stability of such biotissue without deteriorating its functionality. However, being transparent, the optical analysis of the outcome of such treatments is cumbersome and relies on relatively expensive experimental equipment. We aim to apply the Mueller matrix polarimetry for the detection of photo-induced collagen cross-linking in transparent biotissue after treatment with riboflavin and UV irradiation. A simple Mueller matrix polarimetry setup could provide a fast and non-invasive analysis of transparent media to sensitively detect small photo-induced cross-linking effects in biotissue. We demonstrated the current capabilities of the approach on non-planar porcine cornea samples ex vivo. We reported the distinction between untreated and riboflavin-treated samples. The differences observed were correlated with the variation of certain Mueller matrix elements and parameters derived from the decomposition. The measurement data show variation in the cross-linked and non-cross-linked samples, although the effect of the UV treatment on the riboflavin-treated samples was not at the same level of significance yet and needs further investigation. The Mueller matrix measurement represents a promising approach for the detection of the effects of corneal collagen cross-linking. Further studies with a larger sample number are required to validate this approach. In the future, this could enable the reliable and non-invasive detection of photo-induced effects in biotissue and open the possibility for in vivo application, e.g., in eye disease treatment or the detection of scar collagen development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soleimani ◽  
Zohre Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Yazdani Moghadam ◽  
Mansoor Shahriari ◽  
Sara Behzadfar ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Keratoconus (KCN) is a common ectatic disorder of the cornea. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is used as an effective option to slowdown the disease progression. Although CXL is considered a safe procedure, corneal endothelial damage, especially in corneal thickness of less than 400 μm, has been reported. Case presentation A 25-year-old man known case of KCN was referred with complaints about blurred vision and discomfort of the right eye 3 days after performing CXL. The preoperative thinnest point was 461 μm. His presenting BCVA was CF at 1 m. Examination showed central corneal edema and stromal haziness. ASOCT demonstrated increased central corneal thickness and very deep CXL line. In the confocal scan, anterior stroma showed hyper-reflective lines without recognizable cells and nerves, the middle stroma showed rare active and edematous keratocytes and a hyper-reflective reticular pattern with elongated keratocytes and needle-like structures involving the posterior stroma indicated increased depth of CXL. To manage the patient, debridement of loosened epithelium was done. Non-preservative steroid 1% eye drop was prescribed frequently. The corneal edema was completely resolved during 2 months with no need for surgical procedure and BCVA of 20/30 in his right eye. Conclusion The corneal thickness of more than 400 μm cannot guarantee the absence of corneal edema after corneal collagen cross-linking, which can pertain to several factors such as inadvertently using of higher energy as well as the incorrect observance of all guidelines, instructions, and other precautions, even by a trained surgeon.


2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110519
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Yewei Yin ◽  
Tu Hu ◽  
Kaixuan Du ◽  
Yanyan Fu ◽  
...  

Purpose To report two cases of polymicrobial keratitis following corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus and to review the literature. Methods Retrospective case note and literature review. Results The first case involved a 27-year-old male who presented with amebic corneal ulcers 3 days after the collagen cross-linking procedure. Some gram-negative (gram-ve) cocci were found upon staining, and cysts were observed by confocal microscopy at 7 days after surgery. Acanthamoeba infection mixed with gram-ve organisms was diagnosed. In the second case, a 14-year male developed Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection with anterior chamber empyema 3 days after the collagen cross-linking procedure for keratoconus. Occasional gram-positive (gram + ve) cocci and gram-ve bacilli were observed under a microscope. The mixed keratitis in the two patients resolved after systemic and topical antibiotic therapy, but the infection ultimately resulted in corneal scarring. Follow-up keratoplasty was needed to improve vision acuity in both patients. Conclusion Although ultraviolet irradiation and the reactive oxygen released by riboflavin during collagen cross-linking have bactericidal effects, a lack of a corneal epithelial barrier, bandage contact lens usage, perioperative hygiene, and an abnormal immune state are risk factors for infectious keratitis after collagen cross-linking. Perioperative management of collagen cross-linking is important to prevent infection.


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