Assessing Everyday Activities Across the Dementia Spectrum with the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Facal ◽  
Miguel Angel Ruiz Carabias ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Cristina Lojo-Seoane ◽  
María Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Moderate Dementia

Background: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are complex activities which involve multiple cognitive processes, and which are expected to be susceptible to the early effects of cognitive impairment. Informant-based questionnaires are the most common tools used to assess IADL performance in dementia, but must be adjusted for use in early stages of impairment. Objective: To investigate the differences in IADL on the continuum of cognitive decline (i.e. no cognitive decline - subjective cognitive decline - mild cognitive impairment- mild dementia - moderate dementia) using the Spanish version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q). Methods: A total of 500 volunteer participants were included: 88 participants with no signs of cognitive decline, 109 participants with subjective cognitive complaints, 114 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 81 participants with mild dementia and 108 participants with moderate dementia. IADL was assessed with the A-IADL-Q, a computerized and adaptive questionnaire that calculates scores according to the specific pattern of responses of each participant. The data were examined by ANOVAs and regression analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the capacity of the A-IADL-Q to distinguish between diagnostic groups. Results: Participants with no cognitive decline and those with subjective cognitive decline obtained higher A-IADL-Q scores than MCI participants, and participants with MCI obtained higher scores than patients with dementia. The A-IADL-Q showed excellent discrimination between non-cognitive impairment and dementia, and significant but low discrimination between non-cognitive impairment and MCI. Conclusion: A-IADL-Q can discriminate IADL functioning between groups across the dementia spectrum.

scholarly journals Assessing visuo-constructive functions in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Valencia ◽  
Johann Lehrner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Summary Background Visuo-Constructive functions have considerable potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Objectives Using the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0), we measured visuo-constructive functions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls to determine whether VVT performance can be used to distinguish these groups. Materials and methods Data of 671 participants was analyzed comparing scores across diagnostic groups and exploring associations with relevant clinical variables. Predictive validity was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic curves and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results We found significant differences between AD and the other groups. Identification of cases suffering from visuo-constructive impairment was possible using VVT scores, but these did not permit classification into diagnostic subgroups. Conclusions In summary, VVT scores are useful indicators for visuo-constructive impairment but face challenges when attempting to discriminate between several diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Triple-Network Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xue ◽  
Wenzhang Qi ◽  
Qianqian Yuan ◽  
Guanjie Hu ◽  
Honglin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline

Abstract Aberrant static functional connectivity (FC) within the triple networks involving the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the executive control network (ECN) was found in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, dynamic FC (DFC) analysis within triple networks of SCD and aMCI was absent. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 44 SCD, 49 aMCI, and 58 controls (HC). DFC analysis were used to analyze the DFC variability within the triple networks among three groups. Then the correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the altered DFC variability within the triple networks and the declined cognitive function. Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of altered DFC variability within the triple networks in SCD and aMCI. Compared to HC, SCD and aMCI both showed altered DFC variability within the triple networks. The DFC variability in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) within ECN were significantly different between SCD and aMCI. Moreover, the altered DFC variability in the left IFG within ECN was obviously associated with the decline in episodic memory and executive function. Lastly, the logistic regression analysis showed multivariable analysis had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI. The altered DFC variability and triple-network model proved to be an important biomarker to diagnosis and identification of preclinical AD spectrum.

scholarly journals Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Triple-Network Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xue ◽  
Wenzhang Qi ◽  
Qianqian Yuan ◽  
Guanjie Hu ◽  
Honglin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Subjective cognitive decline and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were widely thought to be preclinical AD spectrum disorders, characterized by aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within the triple networks of the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the executive control network (ECN). Dynamic FC (DFC) analysis can capture temporal fluctuations in brain FC during the scan, which static FC analysis cannot. The purpose of the current study was to explore the changes in dynamic FC within the triple networks of the preclinical AD spectrum and further reveal their potential diagnostic value in diagnosing preclinical AD spectrum disorders.Methods: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 44 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 49 with aMCI, and 58 healthy controls (HCs). DFC analysis based on the sliding time-window correlation method was used to analyze DFC variability within the triple networks in the three groups. Then, correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between altered DFC variability within the triple networks and a decline in cognitive function. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of altered DFC variability within the triple networks in patients with SCD and aMCI.Results: Compared with the HC group, the groups with SCD and aMCI both showed altered DFC variability within the triple networks. DFC variability in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) within the ECN were significantly different between patients with SCD and aMCI. Moreover, the altered DFC variability in the left IFG within the ECN was obviously associated with a decline in episodic memory and executive function. The logistic regression analysis showed that multivariable analysis had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SCD and aMCI.Conclusions: Subjective cognitive decline and aMCI showed varying degrees of change in DFC variability within the triple networks and altered DFC variability within the ECN involved episodic memory and executive function. More importantly, altered DFC variability and the triple-network model proved to be important biomarkers for diagnosing and identifying patients with preclinical AD spectrum disorders.

Subjective Spatial Navigation Complaints - A Frequent Symptom Reported by Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Cerman ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Jan Laczo ◽  
Martin Vyhnalek ◽  
Zuzana Nedelska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Frequent Symptom ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Great effort has been put into developing simple and feasible tools capable to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early clinical stage. Spatial navigation impairment occurs very early in AD and is detectable even in the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: The aim was to describe the frequency of self-reported spatial navigation complaints in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic and non-amnestic MCI (aMCI, naMCI) and AD dementia and to assess whether a simple questionnaire based on these complaints may be used to detect early AD. Method: In total 184 subjects: patients with aMCI (n=61), naMCI (n=27), SCD (n=63), dementia due to AD (n=20) and normal controls (n=13) were recruited. The subjects underwent neuropsychological examination and were administered a questionnaire addressing spatial navigation complaints. Responses to the 15 items questionnaire were scaled into four categories (no, minor, moderate and major complaints). Results: 55% of patients with aMCI, 64% with naMCI, 68% with SCD and 72% with AD complained about their spatial navigation. 38-61% of these complaints were moderate or major. Only 33% normal controls expressed complaints and none was ranked as moderate or major. The SCD, aMCI and AD dementia patients were more likely to express complaints than normal controls (p's<0.050) after adjusting for age, education, sex, depressive symptoms (OR for SCD=4.00, aMCI=3.90, AD dementia=7.02) or anxiety (OR for SCD=3.59, aMCI=3.64, AD dementia=6.41). Conclusion: Spatial navigation complaints are a frequent symptom not only in AD, but also in SCD and aMCI and can potentially be detected by a simple and inexpensive questionnaire.

Analyses of Visuospatial and Visuoperceptual Errors as Predictors of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iván Galtier ◽  
Antonieta Nieto ◽  
María Mata ◽  
Jesús N. Lorenzo ◽  
José Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are considered as the risk factors for dementia (PDD). Posterior cortically based functions, such as visuospatial and visuoperceptual (VS-VP) processing, have been described as predictors of PDD. However, no investigations have focused on the qualitative analysis of the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT) and the Facial Recognition Test (FRT) in PD-SCD and PD-MCI. The aim of this work was to study the VS-VP errors in JLOT and FRT. Moreover, these variables are considered as predictors of PDD. Method: Forty-two PD patients and 19 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol. Patients were classified as PD-SCD and PD-MCI. Analyses of errors were conducted following the procedure described by Ska, Poissant, and Joanette (1990). Follow-up assessment was conducted to a mean of 7.5 years after the baseline. Results: PD-MCI patients showed a poor performance in JLOT and FRT total score and made a greater proportion of severe intraquadrant (QO2) and interquadrant errors (IQO). PD-SCD showed a poor performance in FRT and made mild errors in JLOT. PD-MCI and QO2/IQO errors were independent risk factors for PDD during the follow-up. Moreover, the combination of both PD-MCI diagnosis and QO2/IQO errors was associated with a greater risk. Conclusions: PD-MCI patients presented a greater alteration in VS-VP processing observable by the presence of severe misjudgments. PD-SCD patients also showed mild difficulties in VS-SP functions. Finally, QO2/IQO errors in PD-MCI are a useful predictor of PDD, more than PD-MCI diagnosis alone.

scholarly journals The Effect of CAG Repeats within the Non-Pathological Range in the HTT Gene on Cognitive Functions in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Valentina Bessi ◽  
Salvatore Mazzeo ◽  
Silvia Bagnoli ◽  
Giulia Giacomucci ◽  
Assunta Ingannato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence

The Huntingtin gene (HTT) is within a class of genes containing a key region of CAG repeats. When expanded beyond 39 repeats, Huntington disease (HD) develops. Individuals with less than 35 repeats are not associated with HD. Increasing evidence has suggested that CAG repeats play a role in modulating brain development and brain function. However, very few studies have investigated the effect of CAG repeats in the non-pathological range on cognitive performances in non-demented individuals. In this study, we aimed to test how CAG repeats’ length influences neuropsychological scores in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included 75 patients (46 SCD and 29 MCI). All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery and analysis of HTT alleles to quantify the number of CAG repeats. Results: CAG repeat number was positively correlated with scores of tests assessing for executive function, visual–spatial ability, and memory in SCD patients, while in MCI patients, it was inversely correlated with scores of visual–spatial ability and premorbid intelligence. When we performed a multiple regression analysis, we found that these relationships still remained, also when adjusting for possible confounding factors. Interestingly, logarithmic models better described the associations between CAG repeats and neuropsychological scores. CAG repeats in the HTT gene within the non-pathological range influenced neuropsychological performances depending on global cognitive status. The logarithmic model suggested that the positive effect of CAG repeats in SCD patients decreases as the number of repeats grows.

scholarly journals Discriminant Validity of the WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment (Amnestic Subtype) and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD) in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Marianna Tsatali ◽  
Eleni Poptsi ◽  
Despina Moraitou ◽  
Christina Agogiatou ◽  
Evaggelia Bakoglidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease Dementia

Objective: The aim of the current study was to estimate the discriminant potential and validity of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) of the WAIS-R in the Greek elderly population meeting criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; amnestic subtype), or Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). Method: Four hundred eighty-eight community-dwelling older adults, visitors of the Day Center of Alzheimer Hellas, participated in the study. Two hundred forty-three of them met the criteria for ADD, one hundred eighty-two for aMCI and sixty-three for SCD. Results: Path analysis indicated that the DSST score is affected by age group, educational level, and diagnostic category, but is not affected by gender. The ROC curve analysis showed that the DSST sum score could perfectly differentiate SCD from ADD patients, whereas test’s discriminant potential between aMCI and dementia ADD’s subtype was satisfactory. However, DSST was unable to separate the SCD from the aMCI group. Conclusion: It appears that the DSST is unable to separate the SCD from aMCI population. Therefore, the test in question may be insensitive to incipient cognitive decline. On the contrary, the discriminant potential of the DSST as regards SCD and ADD is excellent, while discrimination between aMCI and ADD is good.

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