Relationship of Malocclusions with Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint in Children of CALI—Colombia

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of malocclusion with the presence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children. Materials and Methods A clinical examination was performed in 87 patients (from 4 to 14 years of age) who attended the dentistry clinics of Universidad del Valle. Results The 77 patients studied had malocclusions; 55 patients had TMD and 67.3% were female. The most frequent symptom of TMD was articular unilateral noise with 33.8%, followed by pain in at least one masticatory muscle with 26%. TMJ pain was observed in 24.7% of the patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence and severity of TMD with type of dentition and transverse malocclusion, respectively. Conclusion The presence of TMD in children with malocclusion presented in a high frequency. TMD depends on the type of dentition and its severity is dependent on transverse malocclusion.

Prof. Zondek Idr Bier "The Pituitary Gland and Sleep". Message III (Klinische Wschrf., 1932, No. 18)

The reason for the work was the fact that manic depressive 6s had insomnia as an extremely frequent symptom.

Alopecia and Clinical Presentation of Endocrinopathies: Pathogenetic and Diagnostic Aspects

The review examines the key aspects of the pathogenesis of alopecia in endocrine system pathology. The role of hormones, growth factors, cytokines and other biologically active substances has been demonstrated. Alopecia is a frequent symptom that can be the result of not only gerontological, but also endocrinological problems. Therefore, time-consuming differential diagnosis is often necessary. Diagnosis is more effective if a team of specialists is involved: endocrinologist, gynecologist, andrologist, dermatologist / trichologist, and others.

LMD-17. Neoplastic meningitis in lung cancer: retrospective review of clinical features, diagnosis and outcome in adult patients

Background Neoplastic Meningitis (NM) is a lethal complication of cancer. Its incidence is rising and in 10% of the cases NM is the first manifestation of the disease. Diagnosis relies on the clinical manifestations, neuroimages, and finding of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Diagnosis is often challenging due to the low sensitivity of the different diagnostic modalities. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of lung cancer patients with NM. Methods Clinical records from patients with diagnosis of lung cancer and NM between 2011–2021 were retrospectively reviewed at a tertiary neurological center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results Twenty-seven patients were included. Median age was 58 years (IQR 52–64). 17 (65%) were female. Twenty-four patients had non-small cell lung cancer (91% adenocarcinoma), two had neuroendocrine lung cancer and one small cell lung cancer. In 19 (70%), meningeal involvement was a result of progressive disease from previously diagnosed cancer. In 12 (44%) patients meningeal disease developed posterior to parenchymal brain metastases surgical approach, 5 (41%) with posterior fossa craniotomy. Headache was the most frequent symptom (53%). CSF analysis was abnormal in 13 (48%) patients, with positive cytology in 10 (37%). Meningeal enhancement was detected with magnetic resonance imaging of brain or spine in 24 (92%) patients. Twenty-one (77%) patients received oncological treatment, 14 (51%) with chemotherapy (8 systemic, 3 intrathecal and 3 intrathecal plus systemic). Thirteen (48%) patients underwent treatment with either immunotherapy or target-therapy. 11 patients underwent whole brain radiotherapy. Median overall survival was 7 months (CI 95%: 3.5–10.4). Conclusion Headache was the most frequent symptom. Ninety-two percent of patients had meningeal pathological enhancement in high-quality MRI with gadolinium contrast of brain and spine. Despite median survival was poor (7 months), small subsets of these patients (22%) survived more than 2 years.

Breathlessness and COVID-19: A Call for Research

Breathlessness, also known as dyspnoea, is a debilitating and frequent symptom. Several reports have highlighted the lack of dyspnoea in a subgroup of patients suffering from COVID-19, sometimes referred to as “silent” or “happy hyp­oxaemia.” Reports have also mentioned the absence of a clear relationship between the clinical severity of the disease and levels of breathlessness reported by patients. The cerebral complications of COVID-19 have been largely demonstrated with a high prevalence of an acute encephalopathy that could possibly affect the processing of afferent signals or top-down modulation of breathlessness signals. In this review, we aim to highlight the mechanisms involved in breathlessness and summarize the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its known effects on the brain-lung interaction. We then offer hypotheses for the alteration of breathlessness perception in COVID-19 patients and suggest ways of further researching this phenomenon.

Chiari Type I Malformation Presenting with Unilateral Hearing Loss

Introduction Chiari type I malformations can present in different ways, but the most frequent symptom is an occipitocervical headache. Hearing loss as the main presenting symptom is rare. Case A young woman with progressive left-sided unilateral hearing loss was diagnosed with a Chiari type I malformation. She underwent a suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy and duraplasty. The hearing loss had resolved postoperatively with normalization of the audiometry. Conclusion Chiari type I malformation can present solely with hearing loss. Improvement after surgical decompression is possible. This phenomenon is not emphasized well enough within the neurologic community. In this report, we present a summary of the pathophysiology and management in Chiari type I malformations.

Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management

Vulvar pruritus is an unpleasant sensation and frequent symptom associated with many dermatologic conditions, including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses affecting the female genitalia. It can lead to serious impairment of quality of life, impacting sexual function, relationships, sleep and self-esteem. In this review, common conditions associated with vulvar itch are discussed including atopic and contact dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, psoriasis and infectious vulvovaginitis. We review the potential physiologic, environmental and infectious factors that contribute to the development of vulvar itch and emphasize the importance of addressing their complex interplay when managing this disruptive and challenging symptom.

Olfactory Dysfunction: A Clinical Marker of COVID-19

Due to the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, many health systems worldwide are overwhelmed,leading to the triggering of the scarcity of medical resources. The identification of indicators that require hospital admission help in the efficient allocation of medical resources. Olfactory impairmentis also one of the indicators of COVID-19 infection. Many studies have analyzed olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 with a variable prevalence rate but underreporting of this problem is very muchlikely as the problem is considered benign. Many scientific societies have stated that olfactory dysfunction is a frequent symptom of COVID-19 and have published recommendations for it.

Pain and dysfunction in amiotrophic side sclerosis

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease characterized by degenerative symptoms of motor neurons. Pain has been described as a frequent symptom and is associated with a negative impact on the life of the person with ALS, however it is often neglected in clinical practice. There is a need for a better understanding of its characteristics and its relationship with the clinical and functional aspects of ALS. Objective: To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of pain in individuals with sporadic ALS and to verify the association between pain and clinical, functional and mobility aspects. Design and setting: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study carried out at the Neuromuscular Diseases Clinic of HC / UFMG, located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Aspects about pain (occurrence, intensity, duration and location), mobility (turning in bed, sitting and standing, standing and walking) and functionality (ALSFRS-R) were evaluated. A descriptive and comparative analysis was carried out between the groups and a binary logistic regression analysis. SPSS was used and the significance level was 5%. Result: 51 people (56.9 ± 11.3 years) were evaluated. A total of 62.7% reported pain. Predominant characteristics of pain: chronic (n = 29; 90.6%), moderate intensity (n = 20; 62.5%), in the leg (n = 12; 37.5%), 50% in more than one location . The population in pain was composed of: women (p = 0.038), longer illness time (p = 0.001), worse results in the ability to sit and stand (p = 0.033), stand up (p = 0.024) and walk ( p = 0.001) and worse score in the ALSFRS-R (p = 0.021). In the present study, regression showed that the inability to walk functionally increases the chance of pain in ALS patients by 5.3 times. Conclusion: Pain is a frequent symptom among people with ALS, and a greater functional limitation seems to be associated with its presence. It is important that future studies investigate this relationship better.

Delayed Symptoms in Patients Recovered from COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 is a new disease, so we don’t know what comes next. Since information on delayed symptoms is limited, this study was conducted to assess the frequency of delayed symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This follow-up cross-sectional study was conducted in a referral general hospital in Tehran, Iran from Feb to Apr 2020. Two hundred patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and were discharged were assessed for delayed symptoms 6 wk after discharge. Results: The mean age of the participants was 55.58±13.52, and 160 (80%) Of them were male. On admission to hospital, patients reported a mean of 5.63±2.88 symptoms per patient, range from 1 to 14 symptoms. Dyspnea was seen in 119 (59.5%) 0f them as the most frequent symptom. Then weakness, myalgia, and shivering were reported with a frequency of 111 (55.5%), 107 (53.5%), and 103 (51.5%), respectively. Six weeks after discharge reassessment was done. None of the patients was readmitted to the hospital. Ninety-four (42%) of them were symptom-free. Fatigue was the most frequent delayed symptom with a frequency of 39 (19.5%), and then dyspnea, weakness, and activity intolerance with a frequency of 37 (18.5%), 36 (18%), and 29 (14.5%) were reported, respectively. Conclusion: Fatigue, dyspnea, weakness, anxiety, and activity intolerance were most frequent delayed symptoms, respectively. Majority of patient was symptoms free and those with symptom, had mild to moderate symptoms. The importance of symptoms is not fully recognized. Follow up clinics and in some cases rehabilitation programs may be helpful