scholarly journals Designer Nucleases: Gene-Editing Therapies using CCR5 as an Emerging Target in HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Almeida ◽  
Ana Matos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chemokine Receptor Ccr5 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Ccr5

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a life-threatening disorder that persists worldwide as a severe health problem. Since it was linked with the HIV attachment process, the Chemokine receptor, CCR5, has been at the development leading edge of several gene-based therapies. Given the shortcomings of the current antiretroviral treatment procedure and the non-availability of a licensed vaccine, the aptitude to modify complex genomes with Designer Nucleases has had a noteworthy impact on biotechnology. Over the last years, ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology have appeared as a promising solution that mimics the naturally occurring CCR5/Δ32 mutation and permanently guarantees the absence of CCR5-expression on the surface of HIV target-cells, leading to a continuous resistance to the virus entry and, ultimately, proving that cellular immunization from infection could be, in fact, a conceivable therapeutic approach to finally achieve the long-awaited functional cure of HIV.

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110146
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Nadia Raza ◽  
Janpreet Bhandohal ◽  
Everardo Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Neck

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that manifests in patients with the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more prominently in the head, neck, and oral mucosal region. The diagnosis of this rare lymphoma serves as a concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The case is of a 33-year-old previously healthy male, with an unknown diagnosis of HIV with a painful right mandibular mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with PBL and HIV. This case of PBL illustrates the importance of linking a rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis as a possible first manifestation of HIV.

HIV/AIDS and traditional healers: a blessing in disguise

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
B L Meel
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Traditional healers contribute significantly to the level of health-care systems in Africa. They could play an important role in the prevention and care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the community. The traditional healing system deals with psychosocial stress associated with HIV/AIDS as well as herbal medications. Sometimes, herbal medicine causes serious life-threatening complications. Two case reports are presented in this article. The first is a 48-year-old woman with HIV who was made to drink a large volume of a herbal decoction to stimulate vomiting in the belief that cleansing the bowel would rid the system of the disease. The second is a 25-year-old young man who had a herbal enema, which resulted in gangrene of the large bowel. The case histories, mechanism of action and causes of death are discussed.

scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Parvovirus B19 in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232470961988369
Author(s):  
Precious Macauley ◽  
Mohammad Abu-Hishmeh ◽  
Carissa Dumancas ◽  
Vijay Alexander-Rajan ◽  
Fernando Piedra-Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Intrathecal Methotrexate ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by widespread inflammation due to massive immune activation and cytokine release. It is of 2 types, primary or familial and secondary or acquired. Diagnosis is made by fulfilling 5 of 8 criteria as determined by the Histiocyte Society. Treatment includes etoposide, dexamethasone, with or without intrathecal methotrexate in the presence of neurologic involvement as well as treating the underlying cause in secondary HLH. We present a case of a 23-year-old female with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms of cough, fever, leukopenia, and anemia, and a high-serum parvovirus B19 DNA, later diagnosed with HLH and treated with etoposide and dexamethasone. She made clinical improvements and was successfully discharged to home after 26 days of admission.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Risk Factors of Potable Water and The Efficiency of HIV/AIDS in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunso Owoola ◽  
Wole W. Adebayo ◽  
Kayode O. Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been a major problem around the world, and various control have been put in place to tame this potentially life-threatening virus. The research aims to expose the relationship between HIV/AIDS and potable water. However, it is generally believed that the virus cannot be contacted through water, but the interface between HIV/AIDS may likely be influenced through scarcity of water. The data for this research was collected through administration of questionnaire to people leaving with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at major health institutions in the three senatorial districts in Ekiti state. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tools and the results show that 44.5% of the respondents believed that water availability can reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS infection around the study area. 84.5% of the respondents had an increased need of water after HIV infections. While 92.7% of the respondents agreed HIV positive people have increased need for better hygiene and sanitation. The study discovers that water, sanitation, hygiene and population are agents determining the spread of HIV/AIDS in the environment. Thus, planning and proper spread of infrastructure that support supply of potable water will reduce and control the virus.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
V V Pokrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 2015, the infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV infection) dominated among life-threatening infections in Russians: it was first diagnosed in 98,177 Russians and 15,530 citizens of the Russian Federation died from HIV/AIDS, amounting to 45% of all deaths from infectious diseases in Russia. By the mid-2016, there were a total of 1,062,476 identified HIV-positive Russians, of whom 225,992 people died. The estimated number of HIV-infected patients in Russia approximated to 1% of the population, the highest prevalence of HIV being found in the age group of 30—40 years. The most active and expensive measures against HIV/AIDS in Russia are to examine the population for anti-HIV antibodies (29 million screenings per year) and to use in HIV-positive people antiretroviral therapy that was free of charge to more than 200,000 patients, i.e. nearly 25% of the registered Russians living with the HIV-infected. However, treatment coverage and quality are far from the target indicators that the international experts consider needed to reduce HIV prevalence and mortality. A wider program on HIV/AIDS, which includes a number of preventive measures with proven efficiency, as well as a program of promising researches and developments should be introduced in Russia.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

Bacillary Angiomatosis: A Unique Cutaneous Complication of Hiv Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joan Lipa ◽  
Walter Peters ◽  
Victor Fornasier ◽  
Benjamin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Bacillary Angiomatosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Erythromycin Therapy

As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases, so does the recognition of unusual manifestations of this syndrome. This study describes two patients who presented with a unique, rare, cutaneous manifestion of HIV infection. One patient developed an aggressive atypical cellulitis and ascending lymphangitis of the hand, which failed to improve following multiple courses of several different antibiotics. The other patient presented with multiple, vascular, nodular lesions, clinically resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Routine biopsies and wound cultures were not helpful for diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was made using a special silver-staining (Warthin-Starry) histological technique and electron microscopy. Both patients responded completely to oral erythromycin therapy. BA is a newly recognized bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. It is seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and less commonly in patients with other immunosuppressed conditions. The term BA describes the lesion's pathogenesis (infective-bacillary) and clinico-histology (angiomatosis). The causal organism cannot be cultured reliably and is resistant to most antibiotics. This study reviews these two patients, the differential diagnosis of BA, specific confirmatory tests used in diagnosis, and the treatment outcome of this condition. It is important for the plastic surgeon to understand BA, because it can resemble other common presentations, but it can also be associated with internal involvement leading to mortality. However, when recognized, it can usually be cured by oral erythromycin therapy (500 mg qid) for several weeks.

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