Synthesis of Spiro[cycloalkane-pyridazinones] with High Fsp3 Character

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csilla Sepsey Für ◽  
Gergő Riszter ◽  
János Gerencsér ◽  
Áron Szigetvári ◽  
Miklós Dékány ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Compound Library ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Adme Profile

Background: owadays, in course of the drug design and discovery much attention is paid to the physicochemical parameters of a drug candidate, in addition to their biological activity. Disadvantageous physicochemical parameters can hinder the success of a drug candidate. Objective: Lovering et al. introduced the Fsp3 character as a measure of carbon bond saturation, which is related to the physicochemical paramethers of the drug. The pharmaceutical research focuses on the synthesis of compounds with high Fsp3 character. Methods: To improve the physicochemical properties (clogP, solubility, more advantageous ADME profile, etc.) of drug-candidate molecules one possibility is the replacement of all-carbon aromatic systems with bioisoster heteroaromatic moieties, e.g. with one or two nitrogen atom containing systems, such as pyridines and pyridazines, etc. The other option is to increase the Fsp3 character of the drug candidates. Both of these aspects were considered in the design the new spiro[cycloalkanepyridazinones], the synthesis of which is described in the present study. Results: Starting from 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione or 2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione, the corresponding ketocarboxylic acids were obtained by Friedel-Crafts reaction with anisole or veratrole. The ketocarboxylic acids were treated by hydrazine, methylhydrazine or phenylhydrazine to form the pyridazinone ring. N-Alkylation reaction of the pyridazinones resulted in the formation of further derivatives with high Fsp3 character. Conclusion: A small compound library was obtained incorporating compounds with high Fsp3 characters, which predicts advantageous physico-chemical parameters (LogP, ClogP and TPSA) for potential applications in medicinal chemistry.

Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole Nanostructures for Energy Applications: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Bocchetta ◽  
Domenico Frattini ◽  
Miriana Tagliente ◽  
Filippo Selleri
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Cathodic Polymerization

By collecting and analyzing relevant literature results, we demonstrate that the nanostructuring of polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes is a crucial strategy to achieve high performance and stability in energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries and supercapacitors. In this critic and comprehensive review, we focus the attention on the electrochemical methods for deposition of PPy, nanostructures and potential applications, by analyzing the effect of different physico-chemical parameters, electro-oxidative conditions including template-based or template-free depositions and cathodic polymerization. Diverse interfaces and morphologies of polymer nanodeposits are also discussed.

scholarly journals Study on physico-chemical features of water in Tarahara Fish Farm, Sunsari, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Ganesh Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Joydeb Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Tarahara Fish Farm includes 37 large ponds as a fish super zone. Physicochemical parameters viz., air and water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, CO2, Cl-, TA and TH of these ponds were studied for two years (Nov. 2008 to Oct. 2010). The air temperature had positive and significant correlation with water temperature (r=0.893, P<0.01) but inverse and significant correlation with DO (r = - 0.669 P<0.05) and TH (r = - 0.673, P<0.05). Both air and water temperature showed a decreasing trend during the winter months of November to January and again September to October in both years. Similarly, positive and significant correlation showed by pH with DO (r =0.660, P<0.05) and BOD (r =0.846, P<0.05); by free CO2 with DO (r=0.854, P<0.01), chloride (r=0.648, P<0.05) and TA (r=0.616, P<0.05); by DO with TA (r =0.715, P<0.01) and chloride (r =0.625, P<0.05) and by TH with TA (r= 0.592, P<0.05) but inverse and significant correlation showed by pH with water temperature (r =-0.671, P<0.05); by free CO2 with BOD (r=-0.627, P<0.05) and by DO with BOD (r = -0.810, P <0.01). The water quality parameters were within suitable range for the fish growth and breeding with small fluctuations in different months during the first and second years. Physico-chemical parameters significantly (P<0.01; 0.05) differed between different months. However, no mass mortality of fish was recorded from this site. So, the area selected as fish super zone is fruitful to meet the expected production level of fishes and fish seeds in peripheral areas.

scholarly journals Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on the Production of Autotrophic Plankton in Madhupur Tract Soil Contained Miniature Tank

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
ME Huda ◽  
MR Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Average Water Temperature ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Domestic Use

Appropriate fertilizer and their impact on physico-chemical parameters of water and productivity is very important for aquaculture and ecology. Optimum fertilizer dose can help in fish farmer as well as aquaculture sector. From the study it was found that the total physicochemical parameters of water were suitable for aquaculture, drinking water, irrigation and domestic use. The average water temperature was 26.45±2.75oC; 26.50±3.24oC; 25.83±4.08oC; 26.57±3.02oC and 26.53±2.93oC for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Water pH in an average was 7.37±0.61; 7.44±0.55; 7.25±0.58; 7.33±0.54 and 7.47±0.49 for Minature Circular Research Tank (MCRT)-1 to 5 respectively. Average water DO were 6.98±1.05 mgl-1; 6.75±1.53 mgl-1; 6.90±1.64 mgl-1; 6.59±1.19mgl-1 and 6.77±1.60mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 respectively. Average water hardness were 71.88 ± 20.47 mgl-1; 60.5 ±2 1.25 mgl-1; 83.38 ± 23.39 mgl-1; 59.13 ± 25.57 mgl-1 and 52.63 ± 7.92 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Average water total phosphorus were 0.77 ± 0.18 mgl-1; 0.83 ± 0.19 mgl-1; 0.78 ± 0.21 mgl-1; 0.84 ± 0.17 mgl-1 and 0.84 ± 0.16 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. From planktonic study it was found that the highest phytoplankton and Zooplankton were in MCRT-3. Phytoplanktons were under 27 no. of genera. Their groups were Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Hepatecae.Zooplankton were five major taxa and they were Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepod and Ostracoda respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 9-14 2017

scholarly journals Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil of Muthannan Kulam Wetland, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Manimegalai ◽  
S Sukanya
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil serves as a more reliable index for productivity than water qualities. The productivity of any pond depends largely on the quality of bottom soil that is “store house of nutrients.” The present paper deals with the study of physicochemical parameters like organic carbon, pH, Electrical conductivity, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium of soil from Muthannan Kulam,Coimbatore (March 2013- May 2013). Analysis for the above parameters indicated contamination of the soil quality due to some anthropogenic activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10769Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 302-304  

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT SHODHIT GUGGUL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Mayuree A. Patel ◽  
Sanjeev R Acharya ◽  
Carol P. Macwan ◽  
Tejas B. Patel ◽  
B. N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physicochemical Data

Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the physicochemical data of shodhit guggul. Guggul is a gum-resin exudate from the plant Commiphora weightii (Arn.) Bhandari, belonging to Burseraceae family. In Ayurveda, guggul is always purified. This purification is known as Shodhan. Shodhan is a process by which guggul is made non-toxic, effective, suitable and fit for therapeutic purposes.Methods: The seven different shodhan dravya were used to prepare shodhit guggul. They were evaluated by performing physicochemical parameters including five different extractive value; total ash, acid insoluble, water soluble and sulphated ash value; pH, and loss on drying.Results: Analytical results of raw guggul showed total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulphated ash value to 5.36±0.04%, 0.96±0.03%, 4.51±0.03 % and 8.40±0.04% respectively. These all values of each shodhit guggul were different. The extractive value of raw guggul was comparable with standard value while the extractive value of each shodhit guggul was totally different. The pH value of 1% w/v and 10% w/v aqueous solution of raw guggul was 6.44±0.18 though pH of each shodhit guggul was changed. The loss on drying of raw guggul was found to be 1.88±0.02%w/v, however, this value was different for each shodhit guggul.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the different shodhan process with specific shodhan dravya affects the physicochemical parameters. The analysis and comparison of the data showed the difference in the properties of seven shodhit guggul with respect to raw Guggul.

scholarly journals Sensory Profile and Physico-Chemical Properties of Artisanal Honey from Zulia, Venezuela

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyanira Araujo ◽  
Pilar Ruiz Pérez-Cacho ◽  
Salud Serrano ◽  
Rafaela Dios-Palomares ◽  
Hortensia Galán-Soldevilla
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean

The physico-chemical parameters and the sensory profile were determined in honeys from apiaries of the Mara and Maracaibo of Zulia State (Venezuela). The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences in the mean value between apiaries for most of the physicochemical parameters and sensory attributes. The obtained value for pH (3.58–4.08), free acidity (30.9–36.0 meq/kg), lactone acidity (9.0–14.3 meq/kg), total acidity (42.1–46.0 meq/kg), moisture content (19.1–20.0%), diastase activity (8.11–12.7 ºG), colour intensity (41.5–86.6 mm Pfund), hydroxymethylfurfural (15.7–26.0 mg/kg), and electrical conductivity (0.33–0.52 mS/cm) were within the criteria set by international quality regulations. The sensory profile of these honeys is characterized by being amber in colour, with a floral, acid fruit, balsamic and animal odour/aroma, a sweet, slightly acid taste, and by being fluid and of a medium persistence.

scholarly journals Seasonal Prevalence and Intensity of Infestation by the Ectoparasites in Carps Relating to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Some Ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra Districts of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
ASM Musa
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The research work was conducted to find out the seasonal prevalence and intensity of infestation of the ectoparasites of carps in some ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh. Seven species of parasites viz. Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Chilodonella cyprini, Myxobohts koi, Dactylogiroides tripathi, D. extenswi and D. catlarius were found from 640 fry-fingerlings of silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys mohtrix (Valenciennes), grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), European carp, Cyprinns carpio (Linnaeus), small carp, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), katla, Catla catla (Hamilton), rui, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) and mrigal, Cirrhina mrigala (Hamilton- Buchanan) from different nurseries and rearing ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh during June, 2004 to October, 2005. The overall percentage of infestations in two study areas was the highest (95%) in winter, moderate (48%) in summer and the lowest (34.8%) in the rainy season. The physicochemical parameters of water exerted more or less significant combined effect on the occurrence of parasites. Key words: Ectoparasites infestation, Carps, seasonal prevalence, Physicochemical parameters.   DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1158Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 411-418, 2008

scholarly journals Synthesis of New Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Substituted with Heterocycles with Potential Antitumor Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patrícia S. Barbosa ◽  
Dayane S. S. De Souza ◽  
Maria D. Rodrigues ◽  
Karla M. Marques ◽  
Teresinha G. Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sar Study ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Antitumor

Aims: To find new thiosemicarbazone derivatives with antitumor activity and good physico-chemical parameters. Study Design:  A preliminary SAR study with pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholinyl heterocycles as well as hydrogen, alkyl and phenyl groups in the thiosemicarbazone scaffold. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Antibiotics, from Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil), between January 2016 and February 2017. Methodology: The thiosemicarbazones were synthesized through a condensation reaction between benzaldehyde substituted with heterocycles and several thiosemicarbazides, using a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid. The new compounds were characterised using classical spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The cytotoxicity were evaluated using MTT assay against five cancer cell lines and doxorubicin as reference compound. The LogP was also predicted using the software MarvinSketch 17.4.3 and promising results were found. Results: We found five new thiosemicarbazone derivatives with excellent cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Thiosemicarbazone derivatives are promising compounds in medicinal chemistry field and certainly should be considered as scaffold for drug candidates.

scholarly journals Analysis of some aspects of water quality of Lake Naivasha

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2001
Author(s):  
James Last Keyombe* ◽  
Edna Waithaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Naivasha ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

In-depth analyses of physicochemical parameters and dissolved nutrients in Lake Naivasha was done during the dry (June 2014) and wet seasons (May and April 2016). A comparison of the results was made between the two seasons. Dissolved oxygen in Lake Naivasha was higher in comparison to other fresh water lakes within Kenya while relative stability was noted in the other physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature and conductivity). Results also show that Lake Naivasha is phosphorus limited aquatic system with measurements ranging between 0.07 – 0.23 mg/l in March and 0.09 – 0.83 mg/l in April 2016. Nitrates ranged between 0.10 mg/l – 0.30 mg/l in March 2016 while in April no Nitrates were detected in the water samples. Sources of nutrient loading into the lake should be investigated and proper measure to be taken for sustainability of Lake Naivasha.

Synthesis of Spiro[cycloalkane-pyridazinones] with High Fsp3 Character Part 2.*

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csilla Sepsey Für ◽  
Eszter Judit Horváth ◽  
Áron Szigetvári ◽  
Miklós Dékány ◽  
László Hazai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Magnesium Bromide ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compound Library ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
Aromatic Systems

Abstract: An extended compound library of spiro[cycloalkane-pyridazinones] with high Fsp3 character is targeted. There are two possibilities to improve the physicochemical parameters of a drug candidate molecules or building blocks, either to replace the aromatic systems with bioisoster heteroaromatic moieties, e.g. with one or two nitrogen containing ring systems (pyridines, pyridazines, pyrimidines, etc.), or to increase the Fsp3 character of the compounds. Using a new synthetic ap-proach, the Grignard reaction of 2-oxaspiro[4,5]decane-1,3-dione and 2-oxaspiro[4,4]nonane-1,3-dione with p-halophenyl- or p-alkylphenyl-magnesium bromide resulted in the formation of the corresponding 2-oxoethyl-cycloalkanecarboxylic ac-ids, which served as starting materials for the formation of pyridazinone with hydrazine or phenylhydrazine. The pyridazi-nones obtained were alkylated with methyliodide or benzylbromide. 16 Novel 4-tolyl- or 4-halophenyl-2,3-diazaspiro[5.5]undec-3-en-1-one and 4-tolyl- or 4-halopyhenyl-7,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-6-one, and their N-methyl, N-benzyl, and N-phenyl derivatives were synthetized.The physicochemical parameters and the Fsp3 character of the novel compounds obtained were studied. A few of them showed excellent logP and clogP values, but introduction of further phe-nyl group seemed to be disadvantageous

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