Impact of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries: A Review

Patient Counselling ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Background: Diabetes is a major metabolic aggressive disease that has exponentially increased around the globe including both developed and developing countries. The significant change in lifestyle of people, attributed to the fast-paced living style and dietary conditions, are few of the core reasons behind the disease. Multiple studies conducted in various developing countries conclude that patient education along with adhered practices and attitudinal outlook can significantly help in deterring the ill effects of diabetes mellitus. Objective: The review aimed at understanding the impact of KAP on management of diabetes mellitus in emerging economies. Methods: Multi-central analytical cross-sectional and prospective studies were conducted for research in multiple countries with median per capita income of ~$4,000 (developing countries - Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Iraq, Iran, Nigeria, etc.), wherein significant difference was witnessed in the outlook of patients and related stakeholders, who had decent score of KAP relative to ones with lower scores, towards type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Among all the three variables that are capable of managing diabetes – knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) – knowledge attained high degree importance as it served as the initial step to control DM. In developing countries, the ratio of people with knowledge – relating to disease – is significantly dependent on age, socio-economic status and education. As per the previous studies and their corresponding results, educational awareness is of utmost importance in order to eradicate myths and wrong information around the same. Conclusion : The review concludes the importance of patient counselling to modify their KAP towards the disease will be highly effective in countries like India, where the count of diabetes mellitus patients is increasing aggressively. Investment in patient counselling to improve their KAP score will significantly help in palliating the effect of this disease.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Healthy Adults in Kiribati

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v13n5p10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Meeri Urite Tekanene ◽

Masoud Mohammadnezhad ◽

Sabiha Khan ◽

Renita Maharaj

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Mean ◽

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) kills more than 4.9 million adults yearly, and it is one of the major threats to global public health for low- and middle-income countries that mostly affects the adult population. Kiribati is currently facing the increasing prevalence of morbidity and mortality from T2DM. OBJECTIVE: To find out the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards T2DM among healthy adults in South Tarawa, Kiribati. METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted on South Tarawa, Kiribati at three randomly selected public health clinics from September 25 to November 20, 2017. Non-diabetic patients from both sexes who aged 18 years and above were selected by a simple random sampling technique to participate in this study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS (version 22) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to study the characteristics of the population and level of KAP. RESULTS: 405 person participated in this study. Majority of the participants were in the age range of 18-24 years (30.4%), were females (66.2%) and had ever married (68.6%). The study revealed that the mean knowledge score was 20.47 (±3.49) which shows that participants had moderate level of knowledge towards T2DM. The mean score for attitude score was 61.06 (±5.48) which shows that participants had high level of attitude towards T2DM. The mean practice score was 4.57 (±2.01) which shows that participants had a low level of practice towards T2DM. CONCLUSION: A great emphasis on health education regarding symptoms, risk factors modification and prevention is T2DM are necessary.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice on prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Nigerian undergraduates

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.44.p95 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

John Ajiboye ◽

Amina Lawal-Bello ◽

Olaoluwatomi Yusuff ◽

Funmilayo Owolabi ◽

Okechukwu Ezekpo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to their disease: a cross-sectional study among Palestinians of the West Bank

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10524-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ramzi Shawahna ◽

Saed Samaro ◽

Zaid Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

The West ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Abstract Background In Palestine, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing health concern. This study evaluated knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with T2DM with regard to their disease. The study also investigated association and correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Predictors of higher knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice were also identified. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare facilities frequently visited by patients with T2DM across the West Bank of Palestine in the period of October 2018 to January 2019. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with T2DM with regard to their disease. Results Out of 300 patients invited, 220 (73.3%) patients responded. In this study, the median age was 57.0 years (51.0, 65.0), the median time elapsed since diagnosis with T2DM was 7.0 years (4.0, 14.0), the median fasting blood glucose was 150.0 mg/dL (128.8, 180.0), the median postprandial glucose was 230.0 mg/dL (200.0, 270.0), the median HbA1c was 7.8% (7.0, 8.53), and the median BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (25.5, 33.1). The median knowledge score was 6.0/13.0 (4.5/13.0, 7.5/13.0), the median attitude score was 3.0/4.0 (2.0/4.0, 4.0/4.0), and the median practice score was 3.0 (1.0/5.0, 4.0/5.0). Having university education was strongly associated with having higher knowledge scores (p-value = 0.001). Additionally, having attended an educational program on diabetes was moderately associated with higher practice scores (p-value = 0.026). Conclusions Findings of this study highlighted the need for appropriately designed interventions to increase knowledge about T2DM among patients with low educational level. Well-designed educational programs might promote healthy practice among patients with T2DM. Future studies are still needed to assess if such interventions could be effective in improving health outcomes and quality of life of patients with T2DM in Palestine.

Effect of a group medical clinic for veterans with diabetes on body mass index

Chronic Illness ◽

10.1177/1742395317753885 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 187-196

Author(s):

Adva Eisenberg ◽

Matthew J Crowley ◽

Cynthia Coffman ◽

David Edelman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Medical Clinic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Objective To assess the impact of a group medical clinic designed for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension on body mass index. Methods Using data from a randomized trial of 239 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we performed a secondary analysis using analysis of covariance mixed models to explore the effect of a 12-month group medical clinic intervention on change in body mass index vs. usual care. In an exploratory subgroup analysis, we compared change in body mass index between treatment arms stratified by whether patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c at 12 months. Results Baseline body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms (estimate=−0.02, 95% CI −0.51 to 5.05; P = 0.94); body mass index increased by approximately 0.20 points in both groups. There was also no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms by whether or not patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c (estimate=−0.14, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.92; P = 0.79). Discussion Improved glycemic control was not associated with improved body mass index in the group medical clinic intervention. Given their positive effects on other outcomes, group medical clinics for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be more beneficial if focus is shifted towards weight loss.

Evaluation of Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Unenhanced Computed Tomography

International Journal of Biomedicine ◽

10.21103/article10(4)_oa14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 402-406

Author(s):

Huda Osama ◽

Afraa Siddig ◽

Awadia Gareeballah ◽

Moawia Gameraddin ◽

Hanady Elyas Osman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Effective Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Ct Attenuation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: Chronic liver disease occurs due to different etiologies. Most diabetic patients are unaware that the effective control of hyperglycemia might reduce complications and mortality rates. Fatty liver disease is considered a risk factor of hepatic cirrhosis and cancers. Methods and Results: We conducted a case-control study to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the liver using a CT scan. A total of 100 patients with T2DM and 96 non-diabetic patients as a control group were selected using a convenient sampling method. There was a significant difference in liver attenuation in diabetic and control groups. The CT attenuation values of the liver, pancreas, and spleen were significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in non-diabetics (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and CT attenuation of the liver, pancreas, and spleen (P<0.01). Conclusion: The CT attenuation of the liver was significantly lower in T2DM than in the non-diabetic patients, and liver attenuation decreased as the duration of T2DM increased.