Computed tomography (CT) features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Tian ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
Xiaomeng Li ◽  
Jinhua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Metastasis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Range ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Ct Features

Background: Currently, there are few literature reports on the CT features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, most of which exist in the form of case reports, and some literature reports have suggested that CT features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma lack specificity. This study was designed to investigate the CT features of pelvic RMS in children to provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed radiographic and clinical data of all paediatric patients with pelvic neoplastic lesions pathologically proven to be malignant in our hospitals from January 2012 through March 2021. The data of the included paediatric patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pathology results indicated RMS. CT features of RMS (n= 37) and non-RMS (n= 91) were compared by two abdominal radiologists. Results: A total of 9 CT features were statistically significant for the diagnosis of pelvic RMS in children (p＜0.05). The sensitivity (range, 0.64–0.74) and specificity (range, 0.86–0.93) of the CT features showing multinodular fusion, surrounding blood vessels, and heterogeneous progressive centripetal enhancement were both relatively high. The CT features indicating lower than muscle density, necrosis, non-calcification and non-haemorrhage exhibited high specificity (range, 0.86–0.97), but the sensitivity (range, 0.32–0.40) was relatively low, while the sensitivity (range, 0.37–0.46) and specificity (range, 0.75–0.83) of other CT features used for diagnosing pelvic RMS, namely, lobulated and lymphatic metastasis, were both relatively low. Conclusion: Pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in children has its own specific CT features.

scholarly journals The Role of Computed Tomography in Differentiation of Coronavirus Pneumonia, its Complications and Comorbidities. Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
V. S. Petrovichev ◽  
A. V. Melekhov ◽  
M. A. Sayfullin ◽  
I. G. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Features

Background: computer tomography (CT) features of COVID-19, their temporal changes and differences from other pulmonary (viral and bacterial pneumonia) and non-pulmonary diseases are well described in recent publications. The prevalence and characteristics of signs of concomitant problems that could be identified at chest CT are less studied.Aim: to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of chest CT features of COVID-19, its complications and comorbidities.Methods: retrospective analysis of CT and clinical data of 354 patients hospitalized with suspected COVID at April and May of 2020.Results: 962 CT scans were analyzed (3 (2-3) scans per patient). First CT was performed at 8 (5-11) day of sickness. Several roentgenological scenarios could be highlighted: patients with coronavirus pneumonia (n=295; 83%); with combination of COVID-19 and another pathology (n=36; 10%); with complications of COVID-19 (n=12; 3%); with alternative pathology (n=2; 1%); without any pathological signs (n=9; 3%). Several cases, illustrating CT signs of coronavirus pneumonia, its complications and comorbidities are reported.Conclusion: CT possibilities are not limited to detect typical COVID-19 signs, it also helps to differentiate pulmonary and other thoracis pathology.

scholarly journals Delayed Extradural Hematoma after Evacuation of Contralateral Acute Extradural Hematoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Anwer ◽  
Atique Ur Rehman ◽  
Farheen Ahmed ◽  
Satyendra Kumar ◽  
Md Masleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Extradural Hematoma ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Neurologic Deterioration ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Traumatic head injury with extradural hematoma (EDH) is seen in 2% of patients. Development of EDH on the contralateral side is an uncommon complication that has been reported in various case reports. Case Report We report here a case of an 18-year-old male who had a road traffic injury. He was diagnosed as a case of left-sided large frontotemporoparietal acute extradural bleed with a mass effect toward the right side. He was managed with urgent craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma. A noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan performed 8 hours after postoperative period showed a large frontotemporoparietal bleed on the right side with a mass effect toward the left side. He was again taken to the operating room and right-sided craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma were performed. A postoperative NCCT scan revealed a resolved hematoma. The patient made a complete recovery in the postoperative period and is doing well. Conclusion Delayed onset epidural hematoma is diagnosed when the initial computed tomography (CT) scan is negative or is performed early and when late CT scan performed to assess clinical or ICP deterioration shows an EDH. The diagnosis of such a condition requires a high index of suspicion based on the mechanism of injury along with fracture patterns. Additionally, change in pupillary size, raised intracranial pressure, and bulging of the brain intraoperatively are additional clues for contralateral bleeding. Neurologic deterioration may or may not be associated with delayed EDH presentation. An early postoperative NCCT scan within 24 hours is recommended to detect this complication with or without any neurologic deterioration.

scholarly journals Serum D-dimer level as a biomarker for identifying patients with isolated injury to prevent unnecessary whole-body computed tomography in blunt trauma care

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakuhei Nakama ◽  
Ryo Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshimitsu Izawa ◽  
Keiichi Tanimura ◽  
Takashi Mato
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Isolated Injury ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Body Ct

Abstract Background Unnecessary whole-body computed tomography (CT) may lead to excess radiation exposure. Serum D-dimer levels have been reported to correlate with injury severity. We examined the predictive value of serum D-dimer level for identifying patients with isolated injury that can be diagnosed with selected-region CT rather than whole-body CT. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients with blunt trauma (2014–2017). We included patients whose serum D-dimer levels were measured before they underwent whole-body CT. “Isolated” injury was defined as injury with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≤ 5 to any of five regions of interest or with AIS score ≤ 1 to other regions, as revealed by a CT scan. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn for D-dimer levels corresponding to isolated injury; the area under the ROC (AUROC) was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for several candidate cut-off values for serum D-dimer levels. Results Isolated injury was detected in 212 patients. AUROC was 0.861 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.815–0.907) for isolated injury prediction. Serum D-dimer level ≤ 2.5 μg/mL was an optimal cutoff value for predicting isolated injury with high specificity (100.0%) and positive predictive value (100.0%). Approximately 30% of patients had serum D-dimer levels below this cutoff value. Conclusion D-dimer level ≤ 2.5 μg/mL had high specificity and high positive predictive value in cases of isolated injury, which could be diagnosed with selected-region CT, reducing exposure to radiation associated with whole-body CT.

scholarly journals Granuloma Caused by Carbon Deposition in the Dermis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Rintaro Shibuya ◽  
Yuichiro Endo ◽  
Akihiro Fujisawa ◽  
Miki Tanioka ◽  
Yoshiki Miyachi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Pencil Lead

Pencil core granuloma is characterized by a delayed foreign-body reaction against retained fragments of pencil lead. Previous case reports presented pencil core granuloma resembling malignant melanoma, haemangioma, or soft tissue sarcoma. We present a case of pencil core granuloma arising from the palm 25 years after the initial injury. The patient presented a bluish nodule that had been present over 25 years before. The nodule initially measured 5 mm in diameter. However, five years before presentation, it suddenly enlarged to the size of 30 mm during six months. Computed tomography (CT) of the lesion revealed a linear radiopaque structure of 8 mm long with a mass on its distal end. Surgical resection revealed a bluish muddy mass and pencil lead. Histological examination revealed degenerative tissue with calcification surrounded by massive amounts of black granular material in the middle and lower dermis.

Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for Symptomatic Coronary Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Bernard Kwok Wing Kuin ◽  
Yean Teng Lim ◽  
Swee Tian Quek ◽  
Lenny Tan Kheng Ann
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Calcium Scoring ◽  
Electron Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Forty-two symptomatic patients underwent both electron-beam computed tomo-graphic calcium scoring and coronary angiography. Correlation between coronary artery calcium score and angiographic coronary disease showed a high specificity (90%) but low sensitivity (50%). The low negative predictive value of 36% suggests that electron-beam computed tomography is not useful in symptomatic patients.

Cardiac metastasis of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Hilal Sahin ◽  
Naim Ceylan ◽  
Selen Bayraktaroglu ◽  
Recep Savas
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Cardiac Metastasis ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cardiac Metastases ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Demographic Features

AbstractCardiac osteosarcoma metastasis is extremely rare and is documented in several case reports in the literature. The behaviour of osteosarcoma metastases is similar to the primary tumour. Thoracic non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination is beneficial in the detection of calcific cardiac metastases. In this case report, we describe a 29-year-old woman with cardiac osteosarcoma metastasis after 7 years of follow-up, compare the demographic features with previous cases and discuss the imaging findings.

scholarly journals The clicking chest: what exactly did Hamman hear? A case report of a left-sided pneumothorax

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Jimidar ◽  
Patrick Lauwers ◽  
Emmanuela Govaerts ◽  
Marc Claeys
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Left Chest ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Background Hamman’s sign is a rare phenomenon. Louis Hamman described this pathognomonic clicking chest noise in association with pneumomediastinum in 1937. This typical noise can also be present in left-sided pneumothorax. Clinical cases already mention this pericardial knock in 1918 in gunshot wounds of the left chest and in 1928 in cases of spontaneous left-sided pneumothorax. However, the sound itself has only rarely been recorded. Case summary We describe a case of a young man with no significant medical history who was referred to the hospital with chest pain and audible clicks, documented with his smartphone. Imaging studies including chest radiograph and computed tomography scan revealed a left-sided pneumothorax. The patient underwent semi-urgent insertion of a thorax drain. His clinical outcome was excellent. Discussion In recent years only a few case reports describe Hamman’s sign, as it is rare and happens only transiently. This case report includes the audible clicks recorded by the patient with his smartphone. We stress the importance of thoracic clicking sounds as key symptom in the differential diagnosis of left-sided pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and valvular pathology such as mitral valve prolapse.

scholarly journals Surgery for Massive Paediatric Head and Neck Neurofibroma: Two Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha’ari ZA ◽  
Kahairi A ◽  
Shahid H
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Plexiform Neurofibromas ◽  
Paediatric Patients

We report two paediatric patients with massive head and neck plexiform neurofibromas who underwent surgical excision. We wish to highlight issues and implications pertaining to the surgery, in particular, the management of intraoperative bleeding often encountered in these cases.

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