scholarly journals The Role of Computed Tomography in Differentiation of Coronavirus Pneumonia, its Complications and Comorbidities. Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
V. S. Petrovichev ◽  
A. V. Melekhov ◽  
M. A. Sayfullin ◽  
I. G. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Features

Background: computer tomography (CT) features of COVID-19, their temporal changes and differences from other pulmonary (viral and bacterial pneumonia) and non-pulmonary diseases are well described in recent publications. The prevalence and characteristics of signs of concomitant problems that could be identified at chest CT are less studied.Aim: to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of chest CT features of COVID-19, its complications and comorbidities.Methods: retrospective analysis of CT and clinical data of 354 patients hospitalized with suspected COVID at April and May of 2020.Results: 962 CT scans were analyzed (3 (2-3) scans per patient). First CT was performed at 8 (5-11) day of sickness. Several roentgenological scenarios could be highlighted: patients with coronavirus pneumonia (n=295; 83%); with combination of COVID-19 and another pathology (n=36; 10%); with complications of COVID-19 (n=12; 3%); with alternative pathology (n=2; 1%); without any pathological signs (n=9; 3%). Several cases, illustrating CT signs of coronavirus pneumonia, its complications and comorbidities are reported.Conclusion: CT possibilities are not limited to detect typical COVID-19 signs, it also helps to differentiate pulmonary and other thoracis pathology.

scholarly journals The Role of Chest CT Scans in the Management of Empyema

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Jeong Suk Heo ◽  
Oh Yong Kwun ◽  
Jeong Ho Sohn ◽  
Won Il Choi ◽  
Jae Seok Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans

Computed tomography study of pineal calcification in schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bersani ◽  
A Garavini ◽  
I Taddei ◽  
G Tanfani ◽  
M Nordio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryComputed tomography studies concerning pineal calcification (PC) in schizophrenia have been conducted mainly by one author who correlated this calcification with several aspects of the illness. On the basis of these findings the aim of the present study was to analyze size and incidence of pineal gland calcification by CT in schizophrenics and healthy controls, and to verify the relationship between pineal calcification and age, and the possible correlation with psychopathologic variables. Pineal calcification was measured on CT scans of 87 schizophrenics and 46 controls divided into seven age subgroups of five years each. No significant differences in PC incidence and mean size between patients and controls were observed as far as the entire group was considered. PC size correlated with age both in schizophrenics and controls. We found a higher incidence of PC in schizophrenics in the age subgroup of 21–25 years, and a negative correlation with positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the overall group. These findings could suggest a premature calcific process in schizophrenics and a probable association with `non-paranoid' aspects of the illness. Nevertheless the potential role of this process possibly related to some aspects of the altered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia is still unclear.

Computed tomography (CT) features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Tian ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
Xiaomeng Li ◽  
Jinhua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Metastasis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Range ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Ct Features

Background: Currently, there are few literature reports on the CT features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, most of which exist in the form of case reports, and some literature reports have suggested that CT features of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma lack specificity. This study was designed to investigate the CT features of pelvic RMS in children to provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed radiographic and clinical data of all paediatric patients with pelvic neoplastic lesions pathologically proven to be malignant in our hospitals from January 2012 through March 2021. The data of the included paediatric patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pathology results indicated RMS. CT features of RMS (n= 37) and non-RMS (n= 91) were compared by two abdominal radiologists. Results: A total of 9 CT features were statistically significant for the diagnosis of pelvic RMS in children (p＜0.05). The sensitivity (range, 0.64–0.74) and specificity (range, 0.86–0.93) of the CT features showing multinodular fusion, surrounding blood vessels, and heterogeneous progressive centripetal enhancement were both relatively high. The CT features indicating lower than muscle density, necrosis, non-calcification and non-haemorrhage exhibited high specificity (range, 0.86–0.97), but the sensitivity (range, 0.32–0.40) was relatively low, while the sensitivity (range, 0.37–0.46) and specificity (range, 0.75–0.83) of other CT features used for diagnosing pelvic RMS, namely, lobulated and lymphatic metastasis, were both relatively low. Conclusion: Pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in children has its own specific CT features.

The Role of Computed Tomography (CT) Scans in the Management of Orbital Cellulitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Haddad , Rafiq I. ◽  
Shwayat , Wafa’a A. ◽  
Al Abed , Shihab A. ◽  
Quabain , Walid N. ◽  
Al Kilany , Ibrahim E.
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Orbital Cellulitis ◽  
Ct Scans

Advanced Chest Imaging Interpretation of Acute Pulmonary Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Debra Siela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Advanced Practice Nurses ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Lateral Chest

Bedside and advanced practice nurses in acute and critical care often view chest radiologic images of their patients. Correlation of findings on chest radiologic images with results of physical and other diagnostic assessments can provide information for making appropriate clinical judgments. Radiologic images of the chest available for acutely ill patients now include frontal/lateral chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The purpose of this article is for the reader to review basic skills for interpreting chest radiographs, gain skill in reviewing CT scans of the chest, and be able to apply more advanced interpretation skills for both chest radiographs and chest CT scans. Several chest images are included for review.

scholarly journals The role of chest computed tomography in the management of COVID-19: A review of results and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (13) ◽  
pp. 1096-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly D Wong ◽  
Theresa Thai ◽  
Yuhua Li ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Impact

The rapid and dramatic increase in confirmed cases of COVID-19 has led to a global pandemic. Early detection and containment are currently the most effective methods for controlling the outbreak. A positive diagnosis is determined by laboratory real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing, but the use of chest computed tomography (CT) has also been indicated as an important tool for detection and management of the disease. Numerous studies reviewed in this paper largely concur in their findings that the early hallmarks of COVID-19 infection are ground-glass opacities (GGOs), often with a bilateral and peripheral lung distribution. In addition, most studies demonstrated similar CT findings related to the progression of the disease, starting with GGOs in early disease, followed by the development of crazy paving in middle stages and finally increasing consolidation in the later stages of the disease. Studies have reported a low rate of misdiagnosis by chest CT, as well as a high rate of misdiagnosis by the rRT-PCR tests. Specifically, chest CT provides more accurate results in the early stages of COVID-19, when it is critical to begin treatment as well as isolate the patient to avoid the spread of the virus. While rRT-PCR will probably remain the definitive final test for COVID-19, until it is more readily available and can consistently provide higher sensitivity, the use of chest CT for early stage detection has proven valuable in avoiding misdiagnosis as well as monitoring the progression of the disease. With the understanding of the role of chest CT, researchers are beginning to apply deep learning and other algorithms to differentiate between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 CT scans, determine the severity of the disease to guide the course of treatment, and investigate numerous additional COVID-19 applications. Impact statement The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been worldwide, and clinicians and researchers around the world have been working to develop effective and efficient methods for early detection as well as monitoring of the disease progression. This minireview compiles the various agency and expert recommendations, along with results from studies published in numerous countries, in an effort to facilitate the research in imaging technology development to benefit the detection and monitoring of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review paper on the topic, and it provides a brief, yet comprehensive analysis.

scholarly journals On Cancer, COVID-19, and CT Scans: A Monocentric Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3935
Author(s):  
Francesca Martini ◽  
Andrea D’Alessio ◽  
Federico Bracchi ◽  
Daniela Di Mauro ◽  
Anna Fargnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
High Incidence

Background The use of computed tomography (CT) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis in an area of northern Italy with a high incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have identified more patients with this disease than RT-PCR in the very early onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 148 chest CT scans of oncological patients who were referred to the Radiological Unit of Policlinico S. Marco from 1 February 2020 to 30 April 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bergamo area. In parallel, we analyzed RT-PCR tests of these 148 patients. Results Among 32 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, 17 patients were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms (53.1%), while 15 developed severe disease (46.8%). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 22.9%, the mortality rate was 18.8%. We did not find any correlation between disease severity and age, sex, smoking, or cardiovascular comorbidities. Remarkably, patients who were on treatment for cancer developed a milder disease than patients who were not on treatment. Conclusions The acceptance of CT-defined diagnoses in COVID-19 high-incidence areas like Bergamo region highlighted a larger oncological population affected by COVID-19 than RT-PCR, in particular, asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients, because only symptomatic patients underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that patients actively treated for their cancer had a milder disease, in agreement with previous studies that suggested a protective role of immunosuppression. Admittedly, the sample of patients in our study was heterogeneous regarding the oncological disease, their prognosis, and the type of treatment; therefore, other studies are needed to confirm our data.

scholarly journals Tracheal Tube Obstruction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Assessed by High-resolution Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mietto ◽  
Riccardo Pinciroli ◽  
Annop Piriyapatsom ◽  
John G. Thomas ◽  
Lynn Bry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Tracheal Tube ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Airflow Resistance ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Abstract Background: Tracheal intubation compromises mucus clearance and secretions accumulate inside the tracheal tube (TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate with a novel methodology TT luminal obstruction in critically ill patients. Methods: This was a three-phase study: (1) the authors collected 20 TTs at extubation. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine cross-sectional area (CSA) and mucus distribution within the TT; (2) five TTs partially filled with silicone were used to correlate high-resolution CT results and increased airflow resistance; and (3) 20 chest CT scans of intubated patients were reviewed for detection of secretions in ventilated patients’ TT. Results: Postextubation TTs showed a maximum CSA reduction of (mean ± SD) 24.9 ± 3.9% (range 3.3 to 71.2%) after a median intubation of 4.5 (interquartile range 2.5 to 6.5) days. CSA progressively decreased from oral to lung end of used TTs. The luminal volume of air was different between used and new TTs for all internal diameters (P < 0.01 for new vs. used TTs for all studied internal diameters). The relationship between pressure drop and increasing airflow rates was nonlinear and depended on minimum CSA available to ventilation. Weak correlation was found between TT occlusion and days of intubation (R2 = 0.352, P = 0.006). With standard clinical chest CT scans, 6 of 20 TTs showed measurable secretions with a CSA reduction of 24.0 ± 3.9%. Conclusions: TT luminal narrowing is a common finding and correlates with increased airflow resistance. The authors propose high-resolution CT as a novel technique to visualize and quantify secretions collected within the TT lumen.

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