Fingerprint Analysis of Vitex Negundo by HPLC Coupled with Multi-components Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palak R. Patel ◽  
Nikunj D. Patel ◽  
Samir G. Patel ◽  
Niranjan S. Kanaki ◽  
Archita J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Background: Vitex negundo (Nagod) is a very useful medicinal plant growing throughout India. The leaves of Nagod are aromatic, tonic and vermifuge. They are useful in the treatment of many ailments. Introduction: Both seasonal and geographical variations have been observed in the active constituents in Vitex negundo. A comprehensive and reproducible HPLC method based on HPLC fingerprint analysis was developed for assessing the quality of Vitex negundo. Methods: Sixteen samples of Nagod collected from different locations and seasons of India were analysed by HPLC and chromatograms were recorded for each of them using PDA detector and 10 peaks were considered for further data analysis. The data were then treated for PCA and cluster analysis using Minitab software. Results: PCA and HCA analysis were used in determining the variability in the leaves of Nagod collected from different places and seasons. Conclusion: The method was useful for discriminating the location of plant within or outside Gujarat but was unable to display any effective seasonal variation in collected samples.

scholarly journals HPLC Fingerprint Combined With Multicomponent Quantification as an Efficient Method for Quality Evaluation of Pharbitidis Semen

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093164
Author(s):  
Huiwei Bao ◽  
Huailei Yang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Kaixuan Zhou ◽  
Yanan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Protocatechuic Aldehyde ◽  
Effective Components

Pharbitidis Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with a long history for treatment of edema and fullness, fecal and urinary retention, phlegm and retained fluid, and abdominal pain due to parasitic infestation. Since Pharbitidis Semen is distributed throughout the country, the quality of the medicine from different origins may be varied. Moreover, the reported method could not control the quality comprehensively. In this article, a fingerprint of Pharbitidis Semen has been established based on a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. In addition, the contents of the 2 main effective components were determined simultaneously. The reference HPLC fingerprint was obtained according to the chromatograms of test samples. The similarity values were calculated by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2004 A edition). Cluster analysis of 10 batches of samples was performed using statistical software (SPSS 20.0). The HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Pharbitidis Semen showed 25 well-resolved common peaks in each chromatogram. Two of these peaks were assigned to protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid. As a result, HPLC fingerprint similarities of 10 batches of samples were more than 0.99. Pharbitidis Semen from different habitats could be divided into 3 or 2 groups. The results of cluster analysis showed that samples classified into 1 group were associated with their habitats and breeds. At the same time, quantification results showed that the contents of protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid were in the range of 0.026-0.088 and 0.019-0.053 mg/g−1 respectively. HPLC fingerprint combined with multicomponent quantification and data analysis techniques can be an efficient and useful method for monitoring the quality of Pharbitidis Semen. This study also provides a practical strategy for overall quality evaluation and control of traditional Chinese medicines.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Major Tributaries in Seoul using Water Quality Index and Cluster Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 452-462
Author(s):  
Jinhyo Lee ◽  
Hyunju Ha ◽  
Manho Lee ◽  
Mokyoung Lee ◽  
Taeho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Objectives : 17 water quality measurement networks (WQMNs, tributaries) in Seoul were analyzed by using NSFWQI and cluster analysis to provide basic data for future river water quality management so that citizens could easily and comprehensively understand the water quality information on the rivers in Seoul.Methods : For the past 3 years (2015~2017), in order to estimate WQI, 9 items, DO (% sat), Fecal coliform, pH, BOD, Temperature change (TC), TP, NO3-, Turbidity and Total solids, were selected from among the 19 water quality data measurement items produced monthly from 17 WQMNs in Seoul. WQI was derived and graded using NSFWQI and cluster analysis was performed using Ward Linkage Method, SOM (Self Organizing Map).Results and Discussion : Water quality of most water quality monitoring networks was BOD Ⅱ grade (slightly good) or higher and TP Ⅲ grade (normal) or higher according to the standard of water quality and water ecosystem river living environment, and NSFWQI was also 64 (Medium)~89 (Good). All showed good water quality. NSFWQI does not show a significant difference by season, so it is believed that it is affected by anthropogenic sources rather than seasonal effects. As a result of examining the correlation between NSFWQI and water quality level according to environmental standards, it was confirmed that R2 has a relatively good correlation with 0.78, and there is no clear difference between the two groups, and through this, it was found that the currently implemented water quality rating system and NSFWQI are well matched. As a result of cluster analysis using ward linkage method and SOM for 17 WQMNs, it was largely divided into 6 groups according to water quality characteristics.Conclusions : It is important to manage pollution sources to systematically manage river water quality as a water resource. It is therefore expected that by converting from the complicated and various water quality information such as is found in this study into a simple water quality index and grouping, the river water quality can be easily understood and can be utilized in the future as basic data for water quality management in Seoul.

Genetic variation between and within two populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) in Western Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Jane Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic variation between and within populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) was studied using seed collected from 2 sites in Western Australia: Mount Barker in the south and Kwelkan in the wheatbelt. Seed was collected at 64 subplots within each site and the material was grown at the University Field Station at Shenton Park, Perth. Seventeen morphological characters were scored and the results were analysed using analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis. Within-site variation was much greater than had previously been shown, and a considerable amount of between-site variation was present. It is suggested that within-site variation is due to a small amount of heterozygosity, as a result of limited outbreeding, being present in each population. The 2 populations are shown to be distinct from each other, with the population from Mount Barker containing more within-site variation. It is suggested that this is a result of climatic stress influencing and reducing the amount of variation being maintained in the Kwelkan population.

scholarly journals Profiling of primary metabolites in grapes of interspecific grapevine varieties: sugars and organic acids

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavloušek ◽  
M. Kumšta
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Individual

The quality of grapes is determined above all by the contents of the primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites involve sugars and organic acids, and just these compounds are dealt with in this study. Its objective was to analyse and critically evaluate the primary metabolites in new interspecific varieties and, based on a comparison with European varieties of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), to find out the similarities and also possible differences between them. The study evaluates and compares 4 conventional varieties of Vitis vinifera with 11 new interspecific cultivars. The contents and compositions of the individual sugars and acids were estimated by means of the HPLC method. Most of these varieties belong to the group with either medium or low content of malic acid, i.e. with a medium to high β ratio. This corroborates the similarity of interspecific varieties to those of V. vinifera. The cluster analysis identified the existence of two interesting groups of varieties: the first one involved the varieties Riesling, Nativa, Marlen, and Kofranka while the other group consisted of varieties Blaufränkisch, Blauer Portugieser, and Laurot. This observation also indicates similarity between Vitis vinifera L. varieties and interspecific cultivars and demonstrates that the contents of the primary metabolites (i.e. sugars and organic acids) are also comparable.

scholarly journals Pathways and Patterns of Cell Loss in Verified Alzheimer’s Disease: A Factor and Cluster Analysis of Clinico-Pathological Subgroups

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Förstl ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
A. Burns ◽  
P. Luthert ◽  
N. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Factor And Cluster Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Thirty-seven patients with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been studied prospectively. A principal components analysis of neuron numbers in cortical and subcortical areas revealed two variables: Variable I with high loadings for the hippocampo-parahippocampo-parietal neuron counts and Variable II with high loadings for coeruleo-frontal cell numbers. Both may reflect functional neuroanatomical connections which may act as pathways of neurodegeneration in AD. A cluster analysis based on these neuron numbers yielded three groups of patients: Cluster A with low hippocampo-parahippocampo-parietal cell counts, Cluster B with well-preserved neuron numbers, and Cluster C with low coeruleo-frontal neuron numbers. Differences in clinical features between these patient groups indicated the potential clinical relevance of these clusters.

scholarly journals FUZZY LOGIC AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN THE QUALITY OF THE BEVERAGE FROM CONILON COFFEE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Juliao Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Samuel Assis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Natural Drying

The quality of coffee beverages has been under study due to the demand of the consumer market for both arabica and conilon coffee. The aim of this work was to study beverage quality from different clones by means of sensory analysis, in 13 clones of the variety Victoria INCAPER 8142 produced at average altitudes of 100.0 m and 528.0 m and with the cherry fruits processed by natural drying or depulping. Fuzzy classification was adopted for the global scores obtained in the sensory analysis, on a scale of 70.0 to 100.0 points, with the Euclidean distance from the cluster analysis being used to define the dissimilarity between the global fuzzified scores for the different clones at the two altitudes and for the two methods of processing the fruit. Clones C4 and C10, at the intermediate maturation stage, presented a mean global score (GS) of 85.0 points for the coffee produced at the altitude of 528.0 m and for the depulped fruit, corresponding to a degree of fuzzy pertinence (FI) of 0.50, and being classified as fine coffee. These same clones presented dissimilarities in the beverage produced by the depulped fruit, with better quality for the coffee at the higher altitude. The fuzzy classification taken together with the cluster analysis to interpret the mean global scores (GS) in the sensory analysis of the beverage for the different treatments under study identified variation in beverage quality

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