The Role of Interferences in the Increasing Incidence of Vitamin D Deficiency

Objective: Lipemia is one of the causes of interference in immunoassay and LC-MS/MS methods. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the US, where obesity is gradually increasing, raises the suspicion that high levels of fat diet and blood lipid levels interfere with vitamin D measurement results. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of blood lipid profiles on vitamin D results and prevent the matrix effect. Material and Methods: In this study, 25OH vitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels of 100 samples consecutively accepted to biochemistry laboratory regardless of age and sex were measured by the LC-MS/MS method, and each sample was restudied after 1/10 dilution. After dilution restudy, two groups were obtained-group 1 (results deviating below 20%) and group 2 (results deviating above 20%)—and the difference between the groups was investigated. There were 79 patients in group 1 and 21 patients in group 2. In our study, lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) from the same samples of consecutive vitamin D patients were studied. Results: It was observed that the triglyceride, total cholesterol HDL, LDL, and 25OHD3 measurements of group 1 and group 2 were similar (p > 0.05). While the mean vitamin D value in the second group was 9.94 ± 7.85, the mean vitamin D value after dilution was measured as 39.23 ± 18.13 and was statistically significant. 25OHD3 concentrations of 21 patients out of 100 were found to be falsely low. Measurements were repeated to confirm the results. Conclusion: The matrix effect caused by exogenous and endogenous interferences in the blood could be a hidden factor increasing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency by causing falsely low 25OHD3 values. Suspicious results should be remeasured by a dilution study.

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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on growth parameters of children with vitamin D deficiency: a community based randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174733 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2070

Author(s):

Sagul R. Mugunthan ◽

Yashwant K. Rao ◽

Tanu Midha ◽

Anurag Bajpai

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Community Based ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains the most common cause of rickets globally and is highly prevalent in developing countries including India. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vitamin D and calcium together with calcium alone on growth parameters of children with vitamin D deficiency in community based setting.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in community based setting in Kanpur district. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 395 children between 2 years to 5 years from 5 villages of block Vidhunu. Of these, 138 children were randomized into two groups using balanced block randomization technique. Group 1 received vitamin D with calcium together and group 2 received calcium alone for a period of 12 months. Anthropometry, serum vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase levels were estimated at baseline and after 12 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Student’s t test was used to analyze the differences in growth and laboratory parameters in the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of various factors on the growth parameters.Results: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 78.7%. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. After 12 months, group 1 demonstrated significantly greater improvement in weight SD score (21.4%) and height SD score (10.3%) and growth velocity (9.1 cm/year) compared to group 2 (14.3%, 7.8% and 6.9 cm/ year respectively). Also subjects in group 1 showed significantly greater improvement in serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and alkaline phosphatase than group 2.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation along with calcium improves the growth of children. Regular supplementation of all children with vitamin D can be considered as a policy for prevention of malnutrition.

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The effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2019-135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 135-139

Author(s):

L I Allakhverdiyeva ◽

N G Sultanova ◽

A O Dzhafarova

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Interleukin 13 ◽

Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽

The Mean ◽

Pharmacological Correction ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. To study the state of the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma during pharmacological correction with vitamin D. Methods. 63 children aged 3-17 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. As a control group, 10 practically healthy children of the same age who had no history of allergic manifestations and no hereditary complications, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups matched by age: group 1 included 33 patients with mild (n=20) and moderate (n=13) bronchial asthma who received only basic anti-inflammatory therapy according to the severity of asthma; group 2 included 30 children with mild (n=18) and moderate (n=12) bronchial asthma who received basic anti-inflammatory therapy with vitamin D containing Tridrop [3 drops (1500 IU) per day for 1 month]. Patients were assessed for interleukin-2, -13 and -17 in the blood serum using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. Results. The results obtained made it possible to clarify the changes in the cytokine spectrum in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in the course of the disease and the effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on it. The mean level of interleukin-2 in group 1 remained practically unchanged, the value of this cytokine was 2.77±1.51 pg/ml (p >0.05). In group 2, the mean interleukin-2 level increased to 5.07±1.02 pg/ml (p <0.01). The mean level of interleukin-13 in group 1 patients increased but not significantly, but in group 2 a decrease of interleukin-13 to 11.3±3.8 pg/ml (p <0.05) was registered. Interleukin-17 decreased by 2.6 times in group 2 (4.8±1.6 pg/ml, p <0.01). In group 1 there was no significant change in the level of interleukin-17, in all children it remained elevated (p >0.05). Conclusion. Pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the background of basic anti-inflammatory therapy promotes the positive dynamics of the level of cytokines during the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma, which is related to the ability of vitamin D to regulate the function of Th2 and, as a result, to reduce the synthesis of interleukin-13 and -17, which participate in the pathogenesis of allergies and play an important protective role in bronchial asthma.

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The relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i4.45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1880-6

Author(s):

Feyzi Gokosmanoglu ◽

Attila Onmez ◽

Hasan Ergenç

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is frequently seen in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and has been shown to exhibit multiple effects on the disease process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D deficiency in complex PCOS pathophysiological pathways. Methods: Two hundred sixty-seven patients with PCOS were divided into two groups Group 1 with 25(OH)D3 deficiency, and Group 2 with normal 25(OH)D3. Biochemical and hormonal parameters (androgen hormones, gonadotropins, and thyroid function tests) were compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty-six percent of the patients (n=231) were in Group 1 and 14% (n=36) in Group 2. Statistically signifi- cantly higher concentrations of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and LH were determined in Group 1 (p<0.05). 25(OH)D3 concentrations were negatively correlated with body mass index (r=−0.459), serum testosterone (r =−0.374) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels (r=−0.418); (all; p< 0.05). Conclusion: The study findings show that low 25(OH)D3 levels are associated with high androgen levels in women with PCOS. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered as an additional risk factor in the development of PCOS. We think that providing vitamin D supplementation for women from identified deficiency areas can reduce the risk of PCOS development. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; vitamin D deficiency; androgen hormones; testosterone.

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Can YKL-40 be an Inflammatory Biomarker in Vitamin D Deficiency?

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (5-6) ◽

pp. 309-313

Author(s):

Ummugulsum Can ◽

Saliha Uysal ◽

Ayse Ruveyda Ugur ◽

Aysun Toker ◽

Uysaler Aslan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Group 2 ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Group 1

Abstract. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with several non-homeostatic conditions and/or diseases like inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and mortality. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein, secreted by macrophages, neutrophils and different cell types and it is also associated with inflammation and pathological tissue remodeling. In this study, we aimed to evaluate relationship between the proinflammatory biomarkers YKL-40 and hs-CRP levels and vitamin D deficiency. Our study group includes 45 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (Group 1) (20 M, 25 F; mean age 37.72 ± 7.70 years) and 40 age and sex-matched healthy subjects with normal serum levels of vitamin D (Group 2) (19 M, 21 F; mean age 39.26 ± 7.41 years). Plasma 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Plasma YKL-40 analysis was performed by ELISA. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured by nephelometric method. Plasma vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL were accepted as vitamin D deficiency. Although we could not find any significant differences by means of serum hs-CRP levels between Group 1 and Group 2 (2.21 (0.27–11.70); 1.79 (0.16–9.85) mg/L, p = 0.247), plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in group 1 than group2 (70.47 (17.84–198.50); 47.14 (4.80–135.48) ng/mL, p = 0.047). In literature, vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation. In our study, we found similar hs-CRP levels between groups and higher YKL-40 levels in group 1. Vitamin D deficiency may be related to high YKL-40 levels in terms of causing chronic inflammation.

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High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in Parkinson's disease [RETRACTED]

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.49.5.1273 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1273-1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Sato ◽

Munetsugu Kikuyama ◽

Kotaro Oizumi

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Yahr Stage ◽

Z Scores ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Despite excessive hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about bone changes in these patients. We measured bone mineral density (BMD; Z scores) in PD patients and analyzed its relation to serum biochemical indices and sunlight exposure. We measured BMD in 71 patients in the second metacarpals and divided the patients into two groups according to functional independence: group 1, Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 and 2; and group 2, stages 3 to 5. In four of 20 patients in group 1 (20%), the Z scores was less than -1.0, indicating osteopenia. In 51 patients in group 2, 31 (61%) had a Z score less than -1.0. The group 1 patients showed a normal mean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD; 21.7 ng/ml), while most group 2 patients were in a deficiency range (group mean 8.9 ng/ml). Many group 2 patients were sunlight deprived. Both groups had elevated serum ionized calcium levels correlating positively with Hoehn and Yahr stage and markedly depressed serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(1,25-[OH]2D) concentrations, indicating that immobilization-induced hypercalcemia had inhibited 1,25-[OH]2D production. Z scores correlated positively with 25-OHD levels and negatively with parathyroid hormone concentration and Hoehn and Yahr stage. Vitamin D deficiency due to sunlight deprivation and hypercalcemia induces compensatory hyperparathyroidism, which contributes to reduced BMD in PD patients, particularly those who are functionally dependent. Low BMD increases risk of hip fractures in patients with PD but may be improved by vitamin D supplementation.

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Abstract 526: Serum Levels of 25 Hidroxyvitamin D and Its Association With Body Fat, Metabolic Profile, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.62.suppl_1.a526 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Thaís d Ferreira ◽

Márcia R Torres ◽

Débora C Valença ◽

Maria d Rodrigues ◽

José F Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

Group 2 ◽

Deficiency Group ◽

Group 1

Background: Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease risk factors has not been established. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with body adiposity, metabolic profile, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function in healthy premenopausal women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study were included 73 adult women who were submitted to the evaluation of: serum levels of 25 hidroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; body adiposity; metabolic profile (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, triglycerides and cholesterol); inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin and C-reactive protein); BP; and endothelial function by serum concentrations of adhesion molecules and by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), determined by peripheral arterial tonometry, using Endo-PAT 2000®. Participants were stratified into 2 groups according to their vitamin D status: with vitamin D deficiency (Group 1; 25 (OH) D < 20ng/ml; n=12), and without vitamin D deficiency (Group 2; 25 (OH) D ≥ 20ng/ml; n=61). Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 16% (12 of 73). Women in Group 1 compared with those in Group 2 were older (36.5±3.2 vs. 30.4±1.1 years; p=0.03) and showed higher values of BMI (28.7±1.4 vs. 25.1±0.7kg/m2; p=0.03); % body fat (35.3±1.7 vs. 31.1±0.7%; p=0.02); glucose (88.3±3.2 vs. 80.2±1.1 mg/dl; p=0.01); HOMA-IR (6.3±0.7 vs. 4.4±0.2; p=0.002); and leptin (29.6±3.5 vs. 20.9±1.7 ng/ml; p=0.04). RHI was lower in participants in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1.7±0.1 vs. 2.1±0.1; p=0.02). After adjustments for age and BMI, women with vitamin D deficiency remained with higher levels of glucose and HOMA-IR, and lower levels of RHI. Systolic and diastolic BP were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (110.2 ± 5.1 vs. 102.9 ± 1.4mmHg and 72.8 ± 4,0 vs. 68.6 ± 1.3mmHg, respectively), however without statistical significance. The other variables did not differ between groups. Conclusions: In the present study, vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher body adiposity, greater insulin resistance and worse endothelial function in women.

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Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels and Response to Therapy of Childhood Migraine

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 321 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kılıç ◽

Kılıç

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Pediatric Migraine ◽

Migraine Frequency ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Group 2 ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D ◽

Group 1

Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related with many neurological diseases such as migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pediatric migraine is associated with vitamin D deficiency and the effect of vitamin D therapy on the frequency, duration, severity of migraine attacks, and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined the patients’ levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OH vitamin D of 92 pediatric migraine patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, which had low vitamin D levels and received vitamin D therapy, and group 2, which had normal vitamin D levels and did not receive vitamin D therapy. Migraine severity measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), migraine frequency, and duration as well as scores on the PedMIDAS questionnaire were compared with regard to the 25-OH vitamin D levels. In addition, pre- and posttreatment pedMIDAS scores, VAS, migraine frequency, and duration were compared with baseline values. Results: A total of 34.7% patients had vitamin D insufficiency (vitamin D levels between 10 and 20 ng/mL), whereas 10.8% had vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D levels < 10 ng/mL). Migraine frequency, migraine duration, and PedMIDAS scores were significantly higher in the group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.004, p = 0.008, and p = 0.001). After vitamin D therapy at sixth months of supplementation, migraine duration was reported statistically significant shorter (p < 0.001) and the migraine frequency, VAS scores, and pedMIDAS scores were statistically significant lower compared with baseline values in group 1 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found a marked correlation between pediatric migraine and vitamin D levels. Vitamin D therapy was beneficial in migraine pediatric patients.

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Whether Adding Vitamin D to Tadalafil 5 mg Treatment Is Useful in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Vitamin D Deficiency?

Urologia Internationalis ◽

10.1159/000514056 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Aykut Demirci ◽

Murat Çakan ◽

Murat Topçuoğlu

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Erectile Function ◽

Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Group 2 ◽

Phosphodiesterase Type ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Numerous factors such as endothelial disease and hormonal disorder cause the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and ED is unclear. Moreover, the benefit of vitamin D replacement on ED patients with VDD is uncertain. As far as we know, there is no study yet in the literature regarding the addition of vitamin D to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of ED patients with VDD. In this study, we investigated whether adding vitamin D to daily tadalafil treatment would be beneficial in ED patients with VDD. Methods: A total of 111 patients with VDD accompanying ED were retrospectively evaluated between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment they received. Group 1 (n = 58) was treated with daily oral tadalafil 5 mg, while group 2 (n = 53) received oral tadalafil 5 mg and 4,000 IU vitamin D3. Total International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) scores and vitamin D levels of the groups were compared at the end of the study. Results: The mean vitamin D level was increased statistically significant in group 2, but no difference was seen in group 1 (p < 0.001 and p > 0.05, respectively). There was a significant increase in median erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and overall satisfaction scores in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the increase in median erectile function and sexual desire scores was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 at the end of the study (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: We found that adding vitamin D to 5 mg oral daily tadalafil treatment may have an additional positive effect on erectile function and sexual desire in ED patients with VDD.

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Peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with vitamin D deficiency

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120902025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212090202 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esra Vural ◽

Leyla Hazar ◽

Mehtap Çağlayan ◽

Ömer Şeker ◽

Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2

Aim: To investigate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on peripapillary choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency but not yet treated for it (Group 1) and patients with normal vitamin D levels (Group 2) were included in this study. Subjects with any kind of eye disease and/or systemic disease were excluded from this study. Demographic characteristics of the patients were collected, and the subfoveal choroidal thickness, central foveal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and peripapillary choroidal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean ages in Groups 1 and 2 were 30.5 ± 6.7 and 28 ± 5.78 years (p = 0.12), respectively, and female to male ratios were 19/11 and 17/13, respectively (p = 0.59). The mean vitamin D levels were 8.2 ± 2.5 and 28 ± 4.9 ng/mL in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p <0.001). In Group 1, subfoveal choroidal thickness and nasal and inferior peripapillary choroidal thicknesses at 500 µm were 327.5 ± 81.4, 142.9 ± 40, and 140.66 ± 38.74 µm, respectively. For Group 2, these values were 407.1 ± 85.5, 189.3 0 ± 57.18, and 195.93 ± 67.58 µm, respectively (p <0.001, p = 0.001, and p <0.001, respectively). In addition, a positive correlation was found between vitamin D levels and the subfoveal choroidal thickness and nasal and inferior peripapillary choroidal thicknesses in all patients (r = 0.365, p = 0.005; r = 0.341, p = 0.008; and r = 0.370, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Subfoveal choroidal thickness and inferior and nasal peripapillary choroidal thicknesses decreased in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

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Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection in children

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1209

Author(s):

Adarsh E. ◽

Malavika Jayanna ◽

Neethu N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Immunological Mechanism ◽

Laboratory Parameters ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem in all age groups. Through its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects it is shown to have a protective effect in COVID affected children. The objective of the study was to evaluate vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for developing COVID-19 infection in children and to study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the clinical findings in COVID-19 positive children.Methods: A retrospective study of all COVID positive children aged 1 month to 15 years admitted to COVID Paediatric ward of Rajarajeshwari Medical hospital from July 2020-November 2020. All COVID positive children confirmed with RTPCR of age group 1 month to 15 years will be included in the study the age at admission, clinical and laboratory data, and 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25‐OHD) levels will be recorded. Patients diagnosed with COVID 19 are divided into 2 groups those with deficient and insufficient vitamin D levels were determined as group 1 and patients with normal vitamin D levels as Group 2. Those with vitamin D Levels below 20ng/ml were determined as group 1 and those with >20 ng/ml as group 2. The various clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups.Results: Patients with COVID 19 had significantly lower vitamin D levels 22.39±6.27 (p≤0.0001). Patients in group A that is vitamin D deficient and insufficient group had higher levels of ferritin (p≤0.0001).No significant difference was found between other clinical and laboratory parameters between group 1 and group 2.Conclusions: This is one of the first to evaluate vitamin D levels and its relationship with clinical findings in paediatric patients with covid-19. Although vitamin D does not play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 we do believe its putative role in preventing and treating the disease The results suggest that vitamin D levels may be associated with the occurrence and management of the COVID-19 disease by modulating the immunological mechanism to the virus in paediatric population.

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