Protease-, Pectinase- and Amylase- Producing Bacteria from a Kenyan Soda Lake

Background:Alkaline enzymes are stable biocatalysts with potential applications in industrial technologies that offer high quality products.Objective:The growing demand for alkaline enzymes in industry has enhanced the search for microorganisms that produce these enzymes.Methods:Eighteen bacterial isolates from Lake Bogoria, Kenya, were screened for alkaline proteases, pectinases and amylases; characterized and subjected to quantitative analysis of the enzymes they produced.Results:The screening analysis ranked 14, 16 and 18 of the bacterial isolates as potent producers of alkaline proteases, pectinases and amylases, respectively. The isolates were classified into two groups: Group 1 (16 isolates) were facultatively alkaliphilicB. haloduranswhile group 2 (2 isolates) were obligately alkaliphilicB. pseudofirmus. Further analysis revealed that group 1 isolates were divided into two sub-groups, with sub-group I (4 isolates) being a phenotypic variant sub-population of sub-group II (12 isolates). Variation between the two populations was also observed in their enzymatic production profilese.g. sub-group I isolates did not produce alkaline proteolytic enzymes while those in sub-group II did so (0.01-0.36 U/ml). Furthermore, they produced higher levels of the alkaline pectinolytic enzyme polygalacturonase (0.12-0.46 U/ml) compared to sub-group II isolates (0.05-0.10 U/ml), which also produced another pectinolytic enzyme - pectate lyase (0.01 U/ml). No clear distinction was however, observed in the production profiles of alkaline amylolytic enzymes by the isolates in the two sub-populations [0.20-0.40 U/ml (amylases), 0.24-0.68 U/ml (pullulanases) and 0.01-0.03 U/ml (cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases)]. On the other hand, group 2 isolates were phenotypically identical to one another and also produced similar amounts of proteolytic (0.38, 0.40 U/ml) and amylolytic [amylases (0.06, 0.1 U/ml), pullulanases (0.06, 0.09 U/ml) and cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases (0.01, 0.02 U/ml)] enzymes.Conclusion:The facultatively alkaliphilicB. haloduransand obligately alkaliphilicB. pseudofirmusisolates are attractive biotechnological sources of industrially important alkaline enzymes.

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Remineralization potential of GC Tooth Mousse and GC Tooth Mousse plus on initial caries like lesion of primary Teeth – An in-vitro comparative evaluation

UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES ◽

10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

Anshul ◽

Kaushal Kishor Jha

Keyword(s):

Group Iii ◽

Initial Caries ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Group I ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group Ii ◽

Group 2 ◽

Tooth Mousse ◽

Group 1

Aim: Teeth are constantly going through cycles of demineralization and remineralization. The ultimate goal of clinical intervention is the preservation of tooth structure and the prevention of lesion progression to the point where restoration is required. Thus promoting remineralization is the ultimate goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) and GC Tooth Mousse Plus (CPP-ACP)F on artificial enamel caries in primary human teeth. Methods and Material: Sixty freshly extracted human primary anterior teeth were used in this study. The root portion of 60 primary anterior teeth was separated from the crown portion at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) Teeth samples were divided into 3 Groups (n=20 each). Group 1 as a control group, Group 2 GC Tooth Mousse, and Group 3 Tooth Mousse Plus containing dentifrices were used. Samples were subjected to 10 days of pH cycling protocol. The changes were analyzed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine and SEM. Pre and post groups were compared by paired t-test. Independent groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Result: Micro-morphological observations of the enamel surfaces with SEM : Group 1 the enamel scanning showed shallow depressions and fine porosities within these depressions, Group 2 showed numerous granular particles and amorphous crystals which were arranged on the enamel surface. Smooth, homogeneous surface, and no irregularities were seen in Group 3. Surface Microhardness Evaluation After treatment, the mean hardness Group III was the highest followed by Group II and Group I (i.e. Group I < Group II < Group III). Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse Plus showed a statistically significant amount of remineralization.

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VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2308 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (03) ◽

pp. 354-360

Author(s):

ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH ◽

SHAHIDA SHAIKH ◽

SHABNUM NAZ SHAIKH ◽

Abdul Haleem Shaikh ◽

Aijaz Ahmed Memon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

College Teaching ◽

Vaginal Fistula ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii ◽

Group 2 ◽

Vesico Vaginal Fistula ◽

Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of Vesico-vaginal Fistulae (VVF) repair by abdominal and vaginal route. Design: Interventional / clinical trial. Setting: Department of Urology, Chandka Medical College Teaching Hospital and Almas Medical Centre Larkana. Period: Feb; 2005 to Nov; 2010. Patients/Methods: After routine clinical examination and investigation, patients having Vesico-vaginal Fistulae (VVF) were selected for repair. All patients had under gone examination those anesthesia (EUA) and cystoscopy. The patients having complex fistulae or associated with urethral, ureteric and colonic involvement or with preexisting malignant pelvic pathology were excluded from the study. Patients were divided in to 02 groups on the basis of the site of the fistula and the method of repair. Group-I comprised of those patients who had low type or uncomplicated fistulae and were operated by vaginal approach. Group-II consisted of those patients who had high type or large fistulae and were operated by abdominal approach. Postoperative follow up was carried out on weekly basis for 03 to 06 months. Results: Our study included 32 cases. Group-I and II comprised of 18 and 14 patients respectively. The mean age was 34 years (ranged from 22 to 45 years). The main cause of vesico-vaginal fistulae was obstetrical in 28(87.5%) and iatrogenic gynecological (hysterectomy) in 04 (12.5%) patients. No major difficulty was experienced except in 01(0.83%) case in group-1 who had a previous failure history of repair. The mean operative time was 95 minutes (range 80 to 125 minutes) & 145 minutes (range 110 to 175 minutes) in group-1 and group-2 respectively. Peroperative blood transfusion was required in 06 (33.33%) and 13 (93%) patients of group-1 and group-II respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between these two groups (P< 0.05). Postoperative complications like wound infection occurred in 01(7.15%) of group- 1 and haematuria was present for few days in o4 (22.22%) and 05(35.5%) in group-1 and group-2 respectively. The mean hospital stay was 07 (range 5-10) days. Foleys catheter was removed at 02 week time in all cases. The success rate was achieved 15(83.33%) and in all 14 (100%) cases for group-1 and group-2 respectively and statistically no significant difference was found between two groups (P=NS). All the patients were followed up regularly except 03 (16.5%) and 05 (35.5%) patients of group-1 and group-II respectively. Long term complications like urinary stress incontinence was observed in 2 (11.1%) patients of group-I, where as small capacity bladder and stone formation was observed in 02(14.3%) of group-11 cases. Conclusions: Birth trauma is still a major cause of vesico vaginal fistula in our region. Although, there is no significant difference in outcome of different technique but interposition of tissue between suture lines have a vital role to achieve a high success rate. Further more, best chance of success achieved with first attempt of repair. Strategic approach and proper training of medical and paramedical staff is recommended.

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Comparison of continuous versus interrupted abdominal fascia closure using polydioxanone suture in laparotomy

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20193326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 2832

Author(s):

Avinash Chandra Sharma ◽

Akhil Kumar Gupta ◽

Nitin Singh ◽

Arvind Kumar Maurya ◽

Mamta Singla

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Major Complication ◽

Fascial Closure ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Abdominal Fascia ◽

Group Ii ◽

Group 2 ◽

Fascia Closure ◽

Group 1

Background: Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure in emergency settings. There is paucity of data regarding abdominal fascia closure in emergency laparotomies in Indian population. This study was planned to compare two techniques of fascial closure namely continuous and interrupted using polydioxanone in patients undergoing midline emergency laparotomies in our institute.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Surgery Department, MMC&H, Muzaffarnagar, from January 2017 to June 2018. 60 patients undergoing emergency laparotomies were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I (study group) patients underwent interrupted suture abdominal closure; Group II (control group) patients underwent continuous suture closure.Results: Commonest diagnoses were duodenal and enteric perforations. Mean closure time in Group 1 was 31.6 minutes and in Group 2 -17.3 minutes. Mean hospital stay in Group I and II were 12.88 and13.76 days respectively. 4 Group I patients developed wound discharge versus 6 patients in Group II. Burst abdomen occurred in 3 out of 60 patients. One Group I patient had localised fascial burst. One Group II patient had localized while one had complete fascial burst. One incisional hernia was observed in each group at 3rd month of follow up. Three patients in Group 1 and one in Group 2 developed suture sinus.Conclusions: Major complication is wound dehiscence leading to increased morbidity, hospital stay and cost. In our study, we used continuous and interrupted PDS sutures and found that interrupted suturing method of abdominal wall closure is better, though it takes more time.

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Recovery Status in Children after General Anaesthesia: Role of Pre-emptive Local Anaesthetic Infiltration

Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists ◽

10.3329/jbsa.v18i1.4038 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Md Maqsud Isa ◽

Rubina Yasmin ◽

Nur Syeeda ◽

Suraiya Enam ◽

Md Manowarul Isiam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Local Infiltration ◽

Group I ◽

Mean Pressure ◽

Recovery Status ◽

Group Ii ◽

Operative Recovery ◽

Group 1

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU. Dhaka during the period of January 04 to September 04. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain or express their pain and to improve post operative recovery status and associated response by reducing the immediate post operative pain with simple local anaesthetic infiltration. The children scheduled for elective herniotomy operation through a hernial incision under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. Immediate recovery status in children was compared with preemptive (group-1 and without preemptive (group-II) local infiltration of 0.25% bupivacaine in herniotomy operation. No. of patients was 20 in each group. Pulse, systolic, diastolic and mean pressure, oxygen saturation, pain (scored by TPPPS), anaesthetic recovery (scored by steward recovery system) and mental status if the children were observed postoperatively at different time interval up to one hour. Pulse, systolic, diastolic, mean pressure were stable in group-1 then group-II. Oxygen saturation in both the groups were in clinically acceptable range but in group-11 5 mins after extubation fall more than that of group- l and statistically significant. Pain score (TPPPS) in group-1 was lower all the time period but in group-II the score was high, all the children required rescue pethidine within 10 mins after extubation, mean dose reqd, in group-II was 23.6+3.6mg. Steward recovery score in both group was not significant at early period but after 10 mins. P value become significant The mental state of group-I was calm & quite only 3 were excited, on the other hand in group-11 all children were excited & irritable and required rescue pethidine. So preemptive local infiltration of 0.25 bupivacaine improved the recovery status in children by reducing the immediate postoperative pain and there by decrease in postoperative morbidity. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.38-44

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Ischemia-reperfusion histopathology alterations of the rabbit intestinal wall with and without exclusion of the collateral mesenteric circulation supply

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502010000400003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 318-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Otoni Moreira Gomes ◽

Geraldo Brasileiro Filho ◽

Luiz Alberto Bomjardim Porto ◽

Pedro Henrique de Lima Prata ◽

Rafael de Mattos Paixão

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Celiac Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Group I ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathology alterations of the intestinal mucosa of rabbits submitted to different times of mesenteric artery ischemia and reperfusion with and without celiac artery collateral circulation supply. METHODS: Two groups of eight male New Zealand white rabbits (weight 2.2-3.5 kg) were used in this study. In the Group 1 animals, the proximal mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min with an atraumatic vascular clamp, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In the Group 2 animals the small bowel and mesentery were cut 30cm and 60cm far from the gastroduodenal pyloric transition before the proximal mesenteric artery occlusion. Small bowel biopsies were obtained before ischemia (control), after 30 min and 60 min of mesenteric ischemia and at 30 and 60 min. of mesenteric artery reperfusion. RESULTS: In the Group I animals, the followings histopathology grade results were observed: t1, mean 0.4 + 0.29; t2, mean 1.9 ± 0.38; t3, 1.9 ± 0.33; t4, 1.2 ± 0.36 and t5, 1.2 ± 0.32. Differences between t0 and t2 and between t3 and t4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Differences between t2 and t3 and t4 and t5 were not significant (p>0.5). In the Group II animals, it was observed: t1, mean 1.6 ± 0.33; t2, 2.4 ± 0.36; t3, 3.0 ± 0.35; t4 3.4 ± 0.31; t5, 3 ± 031. Differences between t0 and t1, t1 and t2, and t2 and t3 were significant (p<0.05). Differences between histopathology grades results of samples t1 to t5 in Group 1 and 2 were statistically significant (p<0.5). CONCLUSION: Microscopic examination of the biopsies revealed significant evidence of worse small bowel wall ischemia-reperfusion lesions by exclusion of the celiac artery collateral circulation supply.

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Effect of anterior capsular polishing on the incidence of YAG capsulotomy

Annals of King Edward Medical University ◽

10.21649/akemu.v11i3.1021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad A Ahad ◽

Mohammad Rashad Qamar ◽

Sameh K Hindi ◽

Martin N Kid

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measure ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Anterior Capsule ◽

Main Outcome Measure ◽

Group I ◽

Group 2 ◽

One Year ◽

Group 1

Purpose: To study the effect of anterior capsule polishing during phacoemulsification on the incidence of post operative YAG laser capsulotomy. Method: A retrospective controlled study of 159 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification with anterior capsular polishing between October 1998 and March 2000. 169 age matched patients who underwent phacoemulsification but without anterior capsule polishing served as controls. Main outcome measure: Incidence of visually significant YAG capsulotomy, which improved the Snellen acuity for more than 1 line or at least 1 line with subjective improvements in symptoms. Results: 2.51 % of patients with anterior capsular polishing (Group 1) had YAG capsulotomy compared to 7.1% of patients in control group at one year. However, after two years, 11.3% of patients in Group I had YAG capsulotomy compared to 12.4% in Group 2. Conclusion: Anterior capsular polishing during cataract surgery may delay the opacification of posterior capsule during the early postoperative period. But does not decrease the incidence of YAG capsulotomy after two years.

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Relationships between follicle-stimulating hormone, follicle growth and ovulation rate in sheep

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9960279 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 279 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RC Fry ◽

MA Driancourt

Keyword(s):

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Ovulation Rate ◽

Follicle Growth ◽

Group I ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1 ◽

Stimulating Hormone

The changes in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration required to affect follicle growth and ovulation rate within individual ewes were examined. Relationships between peripheral FSH concentrations during the late-luteal and follicular phase and subsequent ovulation rates were investigated in 22 ewes from 4 breeds over 3 successive cycles (Experiment 1). Ewes were grouped as follows: Group 1 (n = 6), ewes exhibiting the same ovulation rate at each oestrous cycle: Group 2 (n = 5), ewes with three different ovulation rates at each oestrous cycle; and Group 3 (n = 11), ewes with the same ovulation rate at two oestrous cycles and a different ovulation rate on one occasion. Data from ewes in Group 1 and 3 provided estimates on the variation in FSH concentrations between cycles which were not large enough to alter ovulation rate (range, 0-67% variation in FSH concentration). In Group-2 ewes, there was no consistent association between increases in ovulation rate and the proportional increases in FSH concentrations. Differences in FSH concentrations were often less than those that did not alter ovulation rate in Group-I ewes. Furthermore, only 3 of 11 Group-3 ewes demonstrated high FSH concentrations associated with high ovulation rate (or low FSH concentrations and low ovulation rate) when compared with the concentrations found at the two cycles in which ovulation rate was similar. Hence, there was little evidence that FSH concentrations during the late-luteal and follicular phase are associated with changes in ovulation rate within individual ewes. In Experiment 2, follicles of similar size obtained from the same ewe (FecBFec+ and Romanov) showed markedly different responses in vitro to graded doses of FSH as measured by aromatase activity. It is concluded that, within a ewe, the large variability between gonadotrophin-dependent follicles in their requirement for FSH prevented the expression of any thresholds of ovarian response to FSH.

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Analysis of the Incidence and Characteristics of Venoocclusive Disease (VOD) of the Liver in Pediatric Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant (HPCT) Patients with Heparin Alone Vs. Heparin and Ursodiol Prophylaxis at the Medical College of Wisconsin.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.4306.4306 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 4306-4306

Author(s):

Julie-An Talano ◽

Jessica Brown ◽

Jennifer McArthur ◽

Mollie Mulberry ◽

Daniel Eastwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Low Dose ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Hematologic Malignancy ◽

Post Transplant ◽

Dose Heparin ◽

Group I ◽

Group 2 ◽

Low Dose Heparin ◽

Group 1

Abstract Abstract 4306 VOD is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of HPCT as a result of liver injury from the effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation. The reported incidence rate in pediatric HPCT patients varies widely from 5% to 40%. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of post-transplant pharmacological therapies such as ursodeoxyholic acid (ursodiol), heparin, and defibrotide at preventing VOD. However, the combined effect of heparin and ursodiol prophylaxis in preventing VOD in pediatric patients has yet to be determined. This study evaluated retrospectively whether there was a benefit of such combined therapy in pediatric HPCT patients. Our center adopted as standard practice for all HPCT patients the initiation of low dose heparin at 4 units/kg/hour with the commencement of conditioning for HPCT until day +28 post transplant. In 2003, we combined ursodiol 10 mg/kg TID to start with HPCT conditioning and to continue until day + 100 post transplant with low dose heparin through day + 28 for all pediatric HPCT patients. We performed a retrospective chart review and compared the characteristics and the incidence of VOD in patients who underwent transplantation from 1996-2002 and received heparin alone compared to 2003-2008 when the patients received the combination of heparin and ursodiol prophylaxis. Patients were identified through medical records with the ICD diagnosis of VOD. The medical records were reviewed and those patients who did not meet the Baltimore criteria for the diagnosis of VOD were excluded. Only patients who developed VOD with their first transplants were included. Group I = Heparin (216) Group II = Heparin + Ursodiol (220) Allogeneic 187 (86.5%) 160 (72.7%) Autologous 29 (13.5%) 60 (27.3%) Median Age 9 yrs 8 yrs Male 123 (57%) 135 (62%) Female 93 (43%) 85 (38%) Non-malignant 34 (15.7%) 50 (22.8%) Hematologic malignancy 143 (66.2%) 109 (49.5%) Non-hematologic malignancy 39 (18.1%) 61 (27.7%) # VOD 13 5 The 100 day incidence of VOD was 0.0605 (SE 0.01618) in group 1 and 0.0227 (SE 0.01002) in group 2. The difference is 0.0377 (SE 0.0190) and based on a standard normal distribution with a p = 0.0473. The estimated risk of VOD for patients receiving Heparin + Ursodiol is 0.94 (risk or hazard ratio) that of the risk with Heparin alone, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.918, 0.960). This represents about a 6% reduction in risk for those receiving Heparin + Ursodiol. The day 100 survival in the VOD patients was 6 out of 13 in group 1 and 3 out of 5 in group 2. In conclusion, low dose heparin and ursodiol prophylaxis appears to be an effective strategy in VOD prevention in pediatric patients. The combination appeared to be more effective than heparin alone. However, this study is limited in that it is retrospective in nature. Disclosures: Off Label Use: heparin and ursodiol as VOD prophylaxis.

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Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, as a result of the formed oroantral joint

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf184359_363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nalaliya V. Maksimova ◽

Filipp V. Dulov ◽

Maksim F. Tkachuk

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

Alveolar Process ◽

Group I ◽

Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The article describes clinical research methods as an assessment of the effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in operations on the alveolar process of the upper jaw. Methods.70 patients underwent a tooth extraction operation, complicated by perforation of the Schneider membrane in the period 2018-2019. These patients are conditionally divided into two homologous groups (body weight, gender, age, information from the medical history). Group I (34 patients) is scheduled to prescribe antimicrobial agents as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. In group II (36 patients), standard seven-day antibiotic therapy was performed. Results.Infectious and inflammatory complications in group 1 occurred in 5.4% of cases, in group 2 in 6.2% of cases, the difference in the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory complications was 1.2%.

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