scholarly journals Fluoride Exposure, Caregiver Education, and Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (dmft) in 2-5 year-old English or Spanish Speaking Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Paola R. Uceda ◽  
Lauren A. Sanzone ◽  
Ceib L. Phillips ◽  
Michael W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Caregiver Education ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
English Speaking

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that includes behavioral and cultural components. The study’s purpose was to determine the caries experienced (as measured by dmft) in a group of 2-5 y/o children, assess their family and home environment including consumption of fluoridated drinking water, use of a fluoride containing dentifrice, and level of caregiver formal education.Parents of children referred for dental treatment under general anesthesia and who either spoke and read English or Spanish were recruited and consent obtained. Selected information on the family home, parental education and selected fluoride contact data was obtained. An oral clinical examination of the child assisted by intraoral radiographs was completed and the number of decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) recorded for each child. Bitewings were obtained if posterior or anterior teeth contacts were closed but only periapical radiographs were obtained if contacts were open. Children of English speaking caregivers had statistically more dmft after controlling for the effect of the child’s age and years of parental education (p=0.04). English speaking families had lived in their current home longer and the parent had more formal education than did the Spanish speaking parent. When available, the English children drank municipal tap water more often than did the Spanish children. Spanish speaking parents often chose bottled drinking water. No difference between the two groups was found in the use of tap water for cooking or the use of fluoridated dentifrice.In conclusion, increased parent education, language spoken by the parents and time living in the current home were not associated with lower dmft. Drinking fluoridated drinking water did not affect the dmft. However, using fluoridated water when available to cook and using fluoride containing dentifrice by both groups may have been mutually beneficial.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amjad M. Al Warawreh ◽  
Zaid H. Al Tamimi ◽  
Mohammad I. Al Qatawna ◽  
Aseel A. Al Momani ◽  
Mohammed R. Al Mhaidat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Constant Observation ◽  
Country People ◽  
Localized Form

Introduction. Jordan is one of the Middle Eastern countries that is classified as a poor water resource country. People in Jordan consume any available water. In the south of Jordan, water resources are limited. The drinking water contains high levels of fluoride, which in turn leads to augmented danger of both skeletal and dental fluorosis. Aims. This study is focused on evaluating the pervasiveness of dental fluorosis among patients of Karak City and assessing the degree and distribution of fluorosis. Materials and Methods. This research focuses on 2,512 patients ranging from 12 to 52 years old seeking dental treatment in the Dental Department at “Prince Ali ben Al Houssin Hospital” in Karak City. Dental fluorosis status was assessed by using Modified Dean’s Fluorosis Index.” The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The dental fluorosis prevalence within our sample was 39.9% in Karak City. Females were more influenced than males, and fluorosis was detected more often in those who drank tap water and was more common in a very mild and localized form. Conclusion. Fluorosis necessitates constant observation, and future study in terms of the intake in Jordan is recommended in terms of all sources. It would not be too soon to note that the supply of drinking water needs to be changed in South Jordan.

scholarly journals Household Drinking Water Storage Intervention to Assess its Impact on Water Quality at Mae La Temporary Shelter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Valerie Daw Tin Shwe ◽  
Ratana Somrongthong ◽  
Robert Sedgwick Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Under Five

Background: Diarrhoea cases make up nearly two-thirds of total clinic visits at Mae La temporary shelter, Thailand, 40% being under five diar­rhoeal cases. The use of a safe storage container for drinking water may prevent contamination and reduce diarrhoeal disease morbidity in camp residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of safe drinking water storage containers and diarrhoeal diseases in under 5 children at the Mae La temporary shelter. Methods: A randomized controlled trail was conducted in 400 households with at least one child under 5 years old over a period of four months. In­tervention households received safe containers, while control households did not. Households were visited twice weekly during the three-month follow-up. Recent occurrence of diarrhoea in children under five was as­certained and residual chlorine levels in drinking water were measured. The results were analyzed by chi-square tests and survival analyses. Results: Overall, the study found a 75% reduction of under five diarrhoea in the intervention group and 3.5-times less risk than control group sub­jects. Key factors associated with under five diarrhoea were: study group participation, no formal education of household primary caregivers; main sources of acquired drinking water; awareness regarding tap water chlori­nation; length of time living in camp Conclusions: In conclusion, intervention group participants were found to experience a reduction in diarrhoea morbidity when compared to their control group counterparts. E. coli contamination of drinking water was very common, suggesting little or no protection from chlorination.

scholarly journals A-257 Use of inpatient tele-neuropsychological evaluation to assist neurological management of a complex Spanish-speaking patient in the time of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1052
Author(s):  
Gonzalez D ◽  
Hung C ◽  
McGinley J ◽  
Facchini R ◽  
Bronshteyn D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Remote Evaluation

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted traditional neuropsychological practices as in-person evaluations have been postponed. Controversy and ongoing discussion remains about the validity and appropriateness of teleneuropsychology, but provider and patient risk associated with in-person testing needs to be considered when cognitive evaluation is warranted. We describe the remote evaluation of a man hospitalized with altered mental status and positive COVID-19 infection and the effectiveness of teleneuropsychology in clarifying cognition/assisting clinical management in a non-English-speaking individual with limited formal education. Method 35 year old Spanish-speaking male with no formal education referred for inpatient neuropsychological consultation to rule in/rule out possible encephalopathy and confirm premorbid cognitive functioning. Cognitive evaluation completed using iPad and Zoom technology at bedside. Results Tele-neuropsychology was conducted in the patient’s primary language without the necessity for PPE, which enabled improved engagement. Although testing had to be modified; the environment could not be controlled; and all cognitive domains could not be evaluated—remote evaluation confirmed fluctuations and variability, both within and between tasks, with notable fluxes in attention, comprehension and speech. Results aided in the management and care of the patient. Conclusion Tele-neuropsychological evaluation in the inpatient setting, while not a replacement for traditional in-person assessment, can play an important role in the management and care of culturally and educationally diverse patients.

Book Reading Styles Among English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Latino Caregivers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Manz ◽  
Ageliki Nicolopoulou ◽  
Catherine B. Bracaliello ◽  
Allison N. Ash
Keyword(s):  
Book Reading ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Reading Styles ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Latino Caregivers

Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354
Author(s):  
Dr. Sakreen Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Class I ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Slum Population

The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum.  In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living. A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra. To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

Enterovirus Concentration Using Automated Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Belfort ◽  
A Paluszek ◽  
L S Sturman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Creeping Flow ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Solution Interface

The Automated Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration (AHFU) method is proposed here as a simple, efficient and rapid virus concentration technique from tap and drinking water sources. The results reported here extend the testing of the AHFU method to include two Picornaviruses [Poliovirus 2 (vaccine) and Echovirus 1] and Reovirus 3. Their respective mean virus recoveries from between 3 and 100 l of tap water is 88 ± 26, 79 ± 60, and 104 ± 48%. Various approaches including membrane surface modification, changes in backwash hydrodynamics, modification of the feed and backwash composition, and the use of S35-methionine labelled Poliovirus 2, are used to study the recovery of sorbed Poliovirus 2 from the hollow fiber/solution interface. An increase in the backwash pH to between 9.5 and 10.5 significantly improved Poliovirus 2 recovery. This, together with the labelled experiments, indicates that the virus-membrane interactions are probably electrostatic in nature. Convective polarization during filtration probably brings the virus close enough to the surface for these interactions to occur since virus losses were not detected for a non-permeation recycle experiment. Because very low Reynold's numbers are used, the flow is in the creeping-flow-regime for both filtration and backwashing (axial and radial). Unless significantly higher Reynolds could be used, enhanced recovery due to purely hydrodynamic forces is unlikely. High Reynold's numbers, of course, are limited by the pressure constraints of the hollow fibers.

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