A comparison of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking children in reading and arithmetic.

Background: Diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM), have been associated with improved glycemic control and increased quality of life for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, few young people use these devices, especially those from minority ethnic groups. Current literature predominantly focuses on white patients with private insurance and does not report experiences of diverse pediatric patients with limited resources. Methods: To explore potential differences between Latinx and non-Latinx patients, English- and Spanish-speaking young people with T1D ( n = 173, ages 11-25 years) were surveyed to assess attitudes about and barriers to diabetes technologies using the Technology Use Attitudes and Barriers to Device Use questionnaires. Results: Both English- and Spanish-speaking participants who identified as Latinx were more likely to have public insurance ( P = .0001). English-speaking Latinx participants reported higher Hemoglobin A1c values ( P = .003), less CGM use ( P = .002), and more negative attitudes about technology (generally, P = .003; and diabetes-specific, P < .001) than either non-Latinx or Spanish-speaking Latinx participants. Barriers were encountered with equivalent frequency across groups. Conclusions: Latinx English-speaking participants had less positive attitudes toward general and diabetes technology than Latinx Spanish-speaking and non-Latinx English-speaking peers, and differences in CGM use were associated with socioeconomic status. Additional work is needed to design and deliver diabetes interventions that are of interest to and supportive of patients from diverse ethnic and language backgrounds.

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Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000900008461 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 523-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Donna Jackson-Maldonado ◽

Donna Thal ◽

Virginia Marchman ◽

Elizabeth Bates ◽

Vera Gutierrez-Clellen

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Parent Report ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Personal Interview ◽

Waiting Room ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Communicative Development ◽

English Speaking ◽

Spanish Language Acquisition

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the early lexical development of a group of 328 normal Spanish-speaking children aged 0;8 to 2;7. First the development and structure of a new parent report instrument,Inventario del Desarollo de Habilidades Communcativasis described. Then five studies carried out with the instrument are presented. In the first study vocabulary development of Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers is compared to that of English-speaking infants and toddlers. The English data were gathered using a comparable parental report, theMacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. In the second study the general characteristics of Spanish language acquisition, and the effects of various demographic factors on that process, are examined. Study 3 examines the differential effects of three methods of collecting the data (mail-in, personal interview, and clinic waiting room administration). Studies 4 and 5 document the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results show that the trajectories of development are very similar for Spanish-and English-speaking children in this age range, that children from varying social groups develop similarly, and that mail-in and personal interview administration techniques produce comparable results. Inventories administered in a medical clinic waiting room, on the otherhand, produced lower estimates of toddler vocabulary than the other two models.

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Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States

10.5744/florida/9781683401643.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Craig Allen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mass Communication ◽

The United States ◽

Spanish Language ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

History Of ◽

English Speaking ◽

American Society ◽

The U.S

The first completely researched history of U.S. Spanish-language television traces the rise of two foremost, if widely unrecognized, modern American enterprises—the Spanish-language networks Univision and Telemundo. It is a standard scholarly history constructed from archives, original interviews, reportage, and other public materials. Occasioned by the public’s wakening to a “Latinization” of the U.S., the book demonstrates that the emergence of Spanish-language television as a force in mass communication is essential to understanding the increasing role of Latinos and Latino affairs in modern American society. It argues that a combination of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs and innovators who overcame large odds resolves a significant and timely question: In an English-speaking country, how could a Spanish-speaking institution have emerged? Through exploration of significant and colorful pioneers, continuing conflicts and setbacks, landmark strides, and ongoing controversies—and with revelations that include regulatory indecision, behind-the-scenes tug-of-war, and the internationalization of U.S. mass media—the rise of a Spanish-language institution in the English-speaking U.S. is explained. Nine chapters that begin with Spanish-language television’s inception in 1961 and end 2012 chronologically narrate the endeavor’s first 50 years. Events, passages, and themes are thoroughly referenced.

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A landscape of open science policies research

10.31124/advance.16553133.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Manco

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Science Policy ◽

Open Data ◽

Open Science ◽

General Science ◽

Policy Framing ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

English Speaking ◽

Main Component ◽

Science Policies

<p>Open science policies are a much-discussed issue. This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in these studies. <b></b></p> The approach given to open science in the selected works has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the English speaking works while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relation between open science policies and the general science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring to it.

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In Masks we Trust: Explicit and Implicit Reactions to Masked Faces Vary by Voting Intention

10.31234/osf.io/9d4eu ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Ingram ◽

Erick Gustavo Chuquichambi ◽

William Jimenez-Leal ◽

Antonio Olivera-LaRosa

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Political Orientation ◽

Public Places ◽

Reaction Time Measure ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Negative Effect ◽

English Speaking ◽

The Uk

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused controversy over new norms of mask-wearing in public places. An online experiment previously showed that people from several Spanish-speaking countries perceived faces wearing medical-style masks as more trustworthy, socially desirable, and likely to be ill, compared to control faces without a mask. We replicated and extended these methods with 1241 English-speaking participants from the UK and USA, adding questions on political orientation and voting intention, and including the online-VAAST task to test the effects of masks on an implicit reaction-time measure. The positive effects of masks on trustworthiness and social desirability were replicated, but the negative effect of masks on perceptions of healthiness was reversed. Participants were also quicker to approach masked faces. Conservative voters’ explicit and implicit reactions to masked faces were less favorable than those of liberals, demonstrating that masks are viewed positively by many but continue to be politically controversial.

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Inpatient telehealth experience of limited English proficient patients: a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interview (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34354 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lily Payvandi ◽

Chase Parsons ◽

Fabienne C. Bourgeois ◽

Jonathan Hron

Keyword(s):

Limited English Proficient ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Team Coordination ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Equipment Availability ◽

High Satisfaction ◽

English Speaking

BACKGROUND Limited English proficient (LEP) patients are at higher risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to utilize telehealth compared to English speaking patients. There is no formal evaluation of inpatient telehealth user experience by language preference to date. OBJECTIVE To compare the experience of Spanish and English-speaking patients and families using our inpatient telehealth program (ITP). To evaluate the experience of Spanish interpreters using ITP. METHODS We prospectively administered a survey to English and Spanish speaking patients and families who used our ITP from October 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. We performed semi-structured interviews of hospital based Spanish interpreters by phone who participated in ITP. RESULTS High satisfaction was reported by both English and Spanish speakers (SD 0.47-1.7, IQR 0-2). Both English and Spanish speaking patients participated in ITP with their primary inpatient care team, subspecialty consultants and other clinicians. Hospital tablets were used more often than personal devices, and only English speaking patients utilized a personal laptop. Patients and families encountered challenges with log-in, team coordination with multiple users and equipment availability. Interpreters encountered challenges with audio and visual quality, communication, safety, and Wi-fi access. CONCLUSIONS There is high satisfaction amongst both English and Spanish speaking patients using our ITP. Use cases are multi-disciplinary and suggest lasting applicability post-pandemic, however significant investment is needed to provide robust infrastructure to support utilization by all patients, but especially integration of interpreter services for LEP patients. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

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Housing Stability and Transactional Sex among Spanish-Speaking and English-Speaking Transgender Women

Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health ◽

10.1891/lgbtq-2020-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

John A. Sauceda ◽

Edda I. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽

Gaspar Zaragoza ◽

Catherine E. Rivas ◽

Luz Venegas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

San Francisco ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Spanish Speakers ◽

Transactional Sex ◽

English Speakers ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Housing Stability ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

English Speaking

There is evidence for a relationship between housing instability and transactional sex among transgender women. However, less is known about this relationship among monolingual Spanish-speaking transgender women. We compared Spanish- and English-speaking transgender women for differences in ever reporting transactional sex, and if perceived housing stability moderated these differences. Using a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 186 Spanish- and English-speaking transgender women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the San Francisco Bay Area, California. All variables in this study were from a brief demographic questionnaire in a larger parent study. Using a multivariate regression model for moderation, we tested whether the odds for reporting transactional sex were different between English and Spanish speakers, and whether housing stability moderated these odds. Overall, Spanish and English speakers reporting similar percentages of transactional sex (52.3–53.8%) and similar scores on the housing stability measure. In the moderation regression model, Spanish speakers had 7.9 times the adjusted odds of transaction sex, versus English speakers, but housing stability moderated the probability of transactional sex in the form of a crossover interaction. That is, lesser housing stability was associated with a higher probability of reporting transactional sex among Spanish speakers, yet greater housing stability was also associated with lower probability of reporting transactional sex. Housing stability evidenced both a risk and protective role for Spanish-speaking transgender women, which highlight the importance of this basic health need.

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Trends in Incarceration in the United States since 1880

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/001112877902500102 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 9-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Margaret Cahalan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

The United States ◽

Large Percentage ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Correctional Institutions ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Drug Offenses ◽

English Speaking

An examination of government reports on penal facilities in the United States published since 1880 reveals that the rate of incarceration in feder al, state, local, and juvenile correctional institutions has increased. The major changes in offense distribution are increases in the proportion of persons reported to be incarcerated for robbery and the proportion in carcerated for drug offenses. In the nineteenth as well as the twentieth century, persons born abroad, blacks, members of other nonwhite racial groups, and other non-English-speaking persons have constituted a large percentage of those incarcerated. Declines in the overrepresentation of the foreign born in the prisons and jails in the United States have been accom panied by increases in the proportion of black and Spanish-speaking in mates.

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