Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra

The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum. In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living. A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra. To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.

Quality of Life in Metropolitan cities of Uttar Pradesh

Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Being a complex socio-economic process closely connected with scientific technological revolution, urbanization exercises a growing influence on all aspects of society, reflecting the nature of economic and regional development. The numbers of metro cities in India are continuously increasing from 12 in the year 1981 to 23 in 1991, 35 in 2001 and 54 in 2011. This shows that urbanization is increasing but mostly in or nearby metro cities of the country. But the capacity of metro to assimilate increasing urban population is not as good as it should be. The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of such a situation. The rapid growth of urban population (decadal growth of total population in India is about 17.7 percentage points during 2001-2011 while urban population growth is about 31.8 percentage points)[1] both natural and through migration though there is decline of rural-urban migration[2], has put heavy pressure on public utilities like housing, sanitation, transport, water, electricity, health, education and so on. So the study of metro cities is needed. This study is about the quality of life in seven metro cities (Kanpur, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad) of Uttar Pradesh. For the analysis some index are used in this paper like deprivation index, multi-dimension poverty index and quality of life index. This could give us insight of the sustainability of the metropolitan cities. [1] Census of India, 2011 [2] Amitabh Kundu, ‘Urbanisation and urban governance – search for a prospective beyond neo-liberalism’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 29, July 19, 2003, pp. 3079-3087.

Critical Thinking of Muslim Societies: A Terror-Based Perspective

After the declaration of war on terror, especially the events of September 2001 in the UnitedStates, we see that the terrorist organizations that made the Islamic religion a cover for themin their work have begun to reconfigure themselves intellectually based on the Islamicheritage, especially about the Qur’anic verses and the hadiths related to fighting. Theorganizations went to consolidate their fighting ideology by confronting the whole world,using a set of fatwas and rulings that were issued by Muslim religious scholars severalcenturies ago, especially during the era of the Mongolian invasion of the Islamic state and theaccompanying calls for resistance by Muslim scholars, especially Ibn Taymiyyah. To facilitatetheir task of legislating the declaration of war on the whole world, they rejected any ideologyopposing them. As the organizations resorted to strictness in adopting these fatwas andreligious rulings, and in their explanation of texts, excluding any interpretation other thantheir objectives. Therefore, these organizations rejected critical thinking about religious texts,considering it a departure from Islam. The lack of maturity of this thinking approach amongthe general population of Muslims in the various countries made the task of the organizationsin rejecting this approach easier. As we see that a critical approach to thinking in variousscientific fields, including religion, does not exist in education in Islamic countries. That is whyreligious texts, including their interpretations, rulings, and fatwas, remained unchanged forcenturies. Thus, it provided an appropriate environment for these organizations to expandwithin Islamic societies through thought related to the past that is not related to the presentin anything except that it carried the same rulings, fatwas, and interpretations of religioustexts.

History of Darjeeling District Migration Between 1872-2011

The human migration is one of the fundamental aspects of social science. Even though it is an interdisciplinary research problem, currently History scholars are also attracted with this problem. Many classical queries such as who moves, when do they move, what are the historical events associated with the movements, why do they move, what are the impacts when they live there are frequently arisen in migration related social science research problems. It is admitted that historical data sets are not exact as obtained from scientific experiments, or physical measurements. It is always important to study history with exact robust estimated historical data which can only be derived by adopting some scientific modeling approach from the raw available data. The current article aims to study the history of migration, or equivalently population growth trend of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India from 1872 to 2011 using census data, adopting cubic spline and probabilistic parametric models. The current paper not only develops the robust estimates of population growth data during this period, but also focuses on many migration related social science research problems as stated above. All these above mentioned historical events are located from the developed cubic spline and probabilistic parametric models. Note that, probabilistic parametric model provides better estimates than the cubic spline model within this period.

IC & OI The impact of intellectual capital on organizational innovation

Intellectual capital can generate value for organizations and improve organizational innovation. This study aims to investigate the effects of intellectual capital on corporate innovation. Mixed research methodology approach has been used by combining both qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore and empirical examine the research model. The targeted population of interest is the licensed pharmaceutical manufactures, 90 organizations in the Egyptian pharmaceutical industry throughout its three main sectors (11 public, 70 local private and 9 MNCs). Statistical analyses are employed based on the questionnaires gathered from 39 pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies (44% response rate). In addition, sixty-three “63” in depth interviews have been conducted with both top and middle managers. The research findings indicate that all dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and relational capital) have positive significant effects on organizational innovation of pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The study clarifies that the most dominant dimension is structural capital, which provides the largest and strongest support to pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The deep realization of the importance intellectual capital and its impact on innovation helps leaders to adopt accurate system to run organizational innovation in a better way, which lead to sustainable competitive advantage for organizations.

Peter Reddaway, The Dissidents: A Memoir of Working with the Resistance in Russia, 1960-1990. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2020. ISBN: 9780815737735. Hardcover, 338 pp., $29.99

The author, professor emeritus of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, has written his fourth book about recent Soviet Russian history. However, unlike the previous three, he approaches this work from a personal perspective. The objective of the current book is to relay his experience with the dissident movement in the aforementioned nation and to assess the reasons why reforms have been largely stymied. Reddaway’s examination of the topic coincides with contemporary events both domestic and worldwide.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONFLICT OF LINDEROS IN THE COMMUNAL TERRITORIES, PROVINCE OF ANDAHUAYLAS, REGION APURÍMAC, PERU

The present work had the purpose of arguing the degree of progress in social responsibility that contributed to minimize the conflict of boundaries in the territories of the peasant communities, located in the province of Andahuaylas. The focus is qualitative. Case study design, ex post facto research level. The sample was 90 qualified community members who held a management position until 2018. Results in elements: Environmental, the proactivity for the development of eco-efficient practices through committees, had a frequently low contribution of 50%. Legal, the services of tutelary institutions to harmonize conflicts, the coordination between defense and order committees, the interventions to settle conflicts between communities, had a frequent contribution low by 50%. Ethical, the coordination between associations and defense committees to sanction violators of communal agreements, the practice of accountability, had an often average contribution of 50% internally, externally it tends to be weak. Philanthropic; The agreements and working groups to serve community members affected by some phenomenon or disaster and reduce conflict between communities, had a frequently high contribution of 50%. Conclusion: the advancement of social responsibility had a low contribution with a tendency towards medium, in minimizing the conflict of boundaries in the territories of the peasant communities of the province of Andahuaylas, Apurímac region.

Redeeming the Emancipatory Potential of Novelty Caught in Cunning Complexifications

Competence in knowing and being is about making sense of change, of novelty’s place in the social, its functionality as well as one’s relation to it. The challenge is in acquiring, implementing, and resourcing methods of selecting and connecting things fit for the human condition of today. The main source of development has always been the urge to seek new forms of natural and spiritual order, and creative recasting of the inherited order into a new one. Until recently, such deeds were believed to be acts of Divine revelation. Advances of modernity turned the human action space into contingent networks of man-made quasi-objects grounded in disparate systems of thought and measurement that pattern the social. What will legitimate capacity for recognition and directional taxonomy of innovations? How will the resulting norms affect narratability of life? It is an outstanding intellectual and leadership challenge to develop practices leading to directional thought and fostering an elbow room for playful initiatives. Recent initiatives designed to bring knowing and being up to the demands of the digital age show that no amount of top down instruction, good will or revolutionary fervour, are a substitute for bottom up acquisition and ownership of knowledge and work in which the ultimate measure of value is the degree of personal independence and social emancipation. With it comes competent citizenship and social responsibility any socio-economic system with democratic ambitions cannot do without.

Trust in Civil Services as an Institution

This paper contemplates the state of drift in the public’s feeling and trust in the civil services that have authority over them using the World Values Survey data from 1981 to 2013. This study will show that the trust in the civil service as an institution has changed over time and over geographic region. Citizens trust civil servants when the feel they get a good return on the payment that they invest in government through the tax structure and compliance. While contributions per person vary, the outcomes can still be measured and experienced. News of corruption and hypocrisy creates a perception of inferior performance. The purpose of the civil service is to preserve the quality of life of citizens. This is carried out through processes that achieve outcomes from administrative agencies that help citizens to follow rules, cooperate in the provision of the collective good, and respond appropriately in emergencies. By leveraging the World Values Survey data, the study shows trends in trust in civil services across generations and geographies.

Modern strategies to address school violence

The second school environment after the family where the child continues to grow psychological, social and prepared for future life, they play a pivotal role in the community and to be able to perform the educational function must be a safe environment is available, someone, from various studies that the psychological climate and Educational positive at school helps in psychological development and social and acquire behavioral patterns normal, but the phenomenon of violence in some schools have made it a non-secure environment where the child feels fear of insecurity, Valmlahz in recent years about the growing phenomenon of violence in educational institutions in all societies, which pay greater attention to studying this topic phenomenon because of its negative effects on the individual and society as a whole. And for the purpose of reducing the phenomenon of school violence found many programs and strategies that are used to help students reduce the unit's aggressive and thereby reduce violence in schools because of early intervention to prevent school violence can lead to reducing the severity and therefore the negative effects of it, and so through the concerted efforts of all educational institutions to develop new strategies to address school violence, and here came the problem of the working paper, which is based on the fifth axis in the scientific meeting (about education without violence).