In Vitro Detection of Caries Around Amalgam Restorations Using Four Different Modalities

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PTR-LUM (The Canary System, CS), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent, DD), LED fluorescence (Spectra), and visual inspection (ICDAS II) to detect natural decay around bonded amalgam restorationsin vitro.Methods:Seventeen extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of visually healthy (n=5) and natural cavitated (n=12) teeth were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some decayed tissue on the floor and or wall of the preparation. For sound teeth, 3 mm. deep cavity preparations were made and teeth were restored with bonded-amalgam restorations. Thirty-six sites (13 sound sites; 23 carious sites) were selected. CS and DD scans were performed in triplicate at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm away from the margin of the restoration (MOR). Spectra images were captured for the entire surface, and dentists blinded to the samples provided ICDAS II scoring.Results:Canary Numbers (Mean±SE) for healthy and carious sites at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm from the MOR ranged from 12.9±0.9 to 15.4±0.9 and 56.1±4.0 to 56.3±2.0, respectively. DD peak values for healthy and carious sites ranged from 4.7±0.5 to 13.5±2.99, and 16.7±3.7 to 24.5±4.4, respectively. For CS and DD, sensitivity/specificity for sites at 2.0, 1.5, 0.5, 0 mm ranged from 0.95-1.0/0.85-1.0, and 0.45-0.74/0.54-1.0, respectively. For ICDAS II, sensitivity and specificity were 1.0 and 0.17, respectively. For Spectra, data and images were inconclusive due to signal intereference from the amalgam restoration.Conclusions:Using thisin-vitromodel, CS and DD were able to differentiate between sound and carious tissue at the MOR, but larger variation, less reliability, and poorer accuracy was observed for DD. Therefore, CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around amalgam restorations more accurately than the other investigated modalities.

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Detection of Caries Around Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer and Compomer Restorations Using Four Different Modalities In Vitro

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj6030047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tamara Abrams ◽

Stephen Abrams ◽

Koneswaran Sivagurunathan ◽

Veronika Moravan ◽

Warren Hellen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment System ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Signal Interference ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Icdas Ii ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Natural Decay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of visual examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS II), light-emitting diodes (LED) fluorescence (SPECTRA), laser fluorescence (DIAGNODent, DD), photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM, The Canary System, CS) to detect natural decay beneath resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) and compomer restorations in vitro. Twenty-seven extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of 2 control teeth, 10 visually healthy/sound and 15 teeth with natural cavitated lesions, were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some carious tissue on one wall of the preparation. For the sound teeth, 3 mm deep cavity preparations were made. All cavities were restored with RMGIC or compomer restorative materials. Sixty-eight sites (4 sites on sound unrestored teeth, 21 sound sites and 43 carious sites with restorations) were selected. CS and DD triplicate measurements were done at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm away from the margin of the restoration (MOR). SPECTRA images were taken, and two dentists provided ICDAS II scoring for the restored surfaces. The SPECTRA data and images were inconclusive due to signal interference from the restorations. Visual examinations of the restored tooth surfaces were able to identify 5 of the 15 teeth with caries. In these situations, the teeth were ranked as having ICDAS II 1 or 2 rankings, but they could not identify the location of the caries or depth of the lesion. CS and DD were able to differentiate between sound and carious tissue at the MOR, but larger variation in measurement, and poorer accuracy, was observed for DD. It was concluded that the CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around RMGIC and compomer restorations more accurately than the other modalities used in this study.

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In Vitro Studies of Laser Fluorescence for Detection and Quantification of Mineral Loss From Dental Caries

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374970110041901 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 507-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

A.F. Hall ◽

E. Deschepper ◽

M. Ando ◽

G.K. Stookey

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Image Analysis System ◽

Caries Management ◽

Analysis System ◽

Change In Mean ◽

Amalgam Restorations ◽

Mineral Loss ◽

Detection And Quantification

Laser fluorescence (LF) is thought to be a quantitative technique for the measurement of mineral loss from dental caries. These studies aimed to demonstrate the quantitative nature of LF, by means of transverse microradiography (TMR), in addition to the possible use of LF on small specimens suitable for in situ studies. Studies also aimed to determine the ability of LF to detect caries adjacent to amalgam restorations. The results demonstrated reasonable correlation between both the histological depth and mineral loss measured by TMR compared with the % change in mean fluorescence radiance measured by LF (r = 0.70 and 0.83, respectively). Studies with small specimens demonstrated that in vitro remineralization could be observed with LF for comparison of the demineralized specimen with an undemineralized reference. ANOVA showed significant mineral gain (p < 0.0001). The detection and quantification of mineral loss adjacent to amalgam restorations may have potential for the management of recurrent caries. Studies have demonstrated that LF can detect such mineral loss, and, with refinement of the image analysis system, LF was capable of detecting remineralization. Remineralization of such lesions is controversial, but it is suggested that LF may have a role in secondary caries management.

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Occlusal caries diagnosis in permanent teeth: an in vitro study

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000400002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gisele Angnes ◽

Vivian Angnes ◽

Rosa Helena Miranda Grande ◽

Márcio Battistella ◽

Alessandro Dourado Loguercio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Roc Curve ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Caries Diagnosis ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

The reduction in caries prevalence has not occurred uniformly for all dental surfaces. As the occlusal surfaces are still the most likely sites for the development of lesions, new methods of diagnosis are still being evaluated. This study compared a laser fluorescence (LF) system (DIAGNOdent) with the Ekstrand’s visual system for in vitro detection of occlusal caries. A total of 57 extracted molars with macroscopically intact occlusal surfaces were selected. Two-examiners assessed 110 sites by visual inspection (VI) and LF. After ten days from the first measurement, all teeth were re-evaluated through the same methods by each examiner. Caries extension was histologically assessed (X 40). The methods were compared by means of sensitivity, specificity, intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility and area under the ROC curve. The kappa’s test showed good intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility for both methods. VI and LF showed similar sensitivities for both examiners, however, VI showed higher specificities than LF. The overall analysis, as demonstrated by the area under the ROC curve, showed that VI had a better performance than the LF device. It was concluded that the Ekstrand’s visual system is more reliable than the LF device. LF should be considered only as an adjuvant for occlusal caries diagnosis.

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In situ and in vitro comparison of laser fluorescence with visual inspection in detecting occlusal caries lesions

Lasers in Medical Science ◽

10.1007/s10103-009-0731-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Andréia Bolzan de Paula ◽

Juliana Álvares Duarte Bonini Campos ◽

Michele Baffi Diniz ◽

Josimeri Hebling ◽

Jonas Almeida Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Visual Inspection ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

In Vitro Comparison

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Revisiting Amalgam: A Comparative Study between Bonded Amalgam Restoration and Amalgam Retained with Undercuts

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Indra Gupta ◽

Satyendra Gupta ◽

Anjali Kothari

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Group 4 ◽

Amalgam Restoration ◽

Group 2 ◽

Amalgam Restorations ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the retention of amalgam restorations in bonded amalgam restoration and restorations with undercuts. Background With improvement in adhesive technology problem associated with conventional preparation for amalgam restorations mainly compromised resistance form of tooth structure have been largely overcome. Materials and methods Forty caries free extracted molars were used. A basic box preparation was done proximally with buccoproximal and linguoproximal walls diverging at 45° angle and the axial wall is 1.3 mm in dentin. Group 1 – Teeth with basic box preparation. Group 2 – Teeth with box preparation for bonded amalgam. Group 3 – Teeth with box preparation and proximal retention grooves. Group 4 – Teeth with box preparation and occlusal dovetail. Group 1, 3 and 4 were restored with silver amalgam and group 2 restored with resin-bonded amalgam. All samples were subjected to simulated occlusal load against marginal ridge using a blunt stainless steel point in an Instron testing machine. The force in kilogram required to dislodge the restorations as well as the type and location of failure were recorded. Result The main force required to dislodge the restoration was least in group 1 and 3 and maximum in group 2. Conclusion The in vitro study showed that the amalgam bonding technique, using an adhesive resin liner in proximal box form preparation, was more effective than either box form with proximal grooves or dovetails or proximal box only in providing resistance to displacement. Clinical significance Amalgam bonding eliminates the unnecessary removal of sound tooth structure during cavity preparations. How to cite this article Gupta I, Gupta S, Kothari A. Revisiting Amalgam: A Comparative Study between Bonded Amalgam Restoration and Amalgam Retained with Undercuts. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):164-170.

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In vitro evaluation of the marginal microleakage of class II amalgam restoration associated with dentin adhesive

Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0103-06631999000300010 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabiana Sodré de OLIVEIRA ◽

Salete Moura Bonifácio da SILVA ◽

Maria Francisca Thereza Borro BIJELLA ◽

José Eduardo de Oliveira LIMA

Keyword(s):

Linear Measurement ◽

Class Ii ◽

Basic Fuchsin ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Bonding Agents ◽

Dentin Bonding ◽

Dentin Bonding Agents ◽

Amalgam Restoration ◽

Amalgam Restorations

The marginal microleakage of class II amalgam restorations (Dispersalloy) associated with copal varnish (Copalite) and with two dentin bonding agents (Scotchbond Multi-uso Plus and Multi Bond Alpha) was evaluated in vitro and compared by two methods: scores and linear measurements. Forty-five sound premolars were used, on which two separated class II cavities were prepared on the M and D surfaces. After the restoration, the specimens were thermocycled and stored in a solution of 0.5% basic fuchsin during 24 hours. The analysis allowed to conclude that none of the three restorative systems were able to eliminate the marginal microleakage. Nevertheless, the leakage was significantly smaller on the restorations associated with dentin bonding agents when compared to copal varnish. The linear measurement method was more sensitive than the score criteria.

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Obtaining Artificially Caries-affected Dentin for in vitro Studies

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriana Bona Matos ◽

Bruna Uglik Garbui ◽

Cynthia Soares de Azevedo ◽

Caroline Martins e Silva ◽

Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Radiography ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Perspective ◽

Unerupted Teeth ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Surface Gloss

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated and improved a protocol for obtaining standard caries-affected dentin (CAD) by Streptococcus mutans biofilm demineralization process. Materials and methods Forty-eight human molars were divided in six experimental groups, according to: period of cariogenic challenge (7, 14 or 21 days) and type of dentin (erupted or unerupted teeth). After complete cariogenic challenge sound and CAD dentin were evaluated by: visual inspection (VI), digital radiography (DR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser fluorescence (LF). Results Visual inspection confirmed the formation of CAD based on tissue yellowing and loss of surface gloss. Digital radiography detected the presence of radiolucent images, suggesting caries. Three calibrated examiners viewed all images obtained by VI and DR and were able to distinguish healthy from CAD. Fisher's exact statistical test (p < 0.05) confirmed no difference between groups by VI (G1/G4: p = 0.6; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1) or DR (G1/G4: p = 1; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1). Both LF values and demineralization depth, as determined by OCT, were subjected to ANOVA (p < 0.05). For LF, a statistically significant difference was observed for the type of substrate (p = 0.001). For OCT, no statistically significant differences in the type of substrate (p = 0.163), length of cariogenic challenge (p = 0.512) or interaction between factors (p = 0.148) were observed. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed the presence of CAD; a more uniform demineralization surface was observed in the dentin of unerupted teeth. Conclusion This protocol suggests that standard CAD can be obtained in 7 days of cariogenic challenge using unerupted teeth. Clinical significance With the new perspective on the clinical treatment of caries lesions, bonding is increasingly performed to demineralize CAD, which is susceptible to remineralization. A useful protocol to standardize the production of CAD, by microbiological cariogenic challenge, would be an important contribution to laboratorial test in the field of operative dentistry. How to cite this article Azevedo CS, Garbui BU, Silva CM, Simionato MRL, Freitas AZ, Matos AB. Obtaining Artificially Caries-affected Dentin for in vitro Studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):12-19.

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A Comparison of Different Methods for Fissure Caries Detection

Acta Medica Bulgarica ◽

10.1515/amb-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Peycheva ◽

E. Boteva

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

The Body ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Caries Lesion ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Icdas Ii ◽

Permanent Molars

Summary The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic capabilities of three different diagnostic methods: Quantitative Laser Fluorescence (QLF) − DIAGNOdent Classic (DD), Light-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) − SoproLife daylight and blue fluorescence, and their relevance to ICDAS II system in detection of fissure caries lesions in permanent molars. Permanent molars (n = 45) are divided in two groups: 1) third molars, n = 35; 2) first and second molars, n = 10. They are examined by 2 examiners with and without magnification x5 using ICDAS II, SoproLife “day light” and “blue light” (405nm), LIF, DIAGNOdent Classic − emitting laser light on 655nm, QLF. The results are proven with histological bucco-lingual or mesio-distal sections through the body of the lesion with diamond blade rinsed with water. Photos of all occlusal surfaces of the molars are taken before and after the sections. The lowest overdiagnosis rate is found with SoproLife camera. When visual examination is applied overdiagnoses are fewer than with DD. DD is not capable to differentiate white and brown spots from a caries lesion. Soprolife is not capable to differentiate brown spots from a caries lesion. The most accurate method in this in vitro study for diagnosis of fissure caries is LIF (SoproLife) − 75.6% of the teeth are correctly diagnosed, followed by ICDAS (57.8%) and QLF (DIAGNOdent) (40%).

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The difference of surface coarseness of high-copper amalgam restoration material before and after 38% hydrogen peroxide application by in vitro in-office bleaching technique

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol19no2.14171 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nurmala Gustina ◽

Setiawan Natasasmita ◽

Dudi Aripin

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Effective Agent ◽

Amalgam Restoration ◽

High Copper ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Amalgam Restorations

Hydrogen peroxide is an effective agent to take off tooth colouring. This bleaching agent can cause microstructural change on amalgam restoration surfaces. The aim of this research is to know the difference of surface roughness of high-copper amalgam restoration materials before and after 38% hydrogen peroxide application by in-office bleaching technique. The sample was used consist of ten specimens of high-copper amalgam restorations which was applied by hydrogen peroxide 38%. The surface roughness was measured by the surface tester (Surtronic 3P). The result of this research was reached by t-test paired calculation is the differences of surface roughness of amalgam restorations before and after first 15 minutes either second 15 minutes hydrogen peroxide 38% application didn’t show significant differences. The conclusion of this research is no statistically significant difference of surface roughness of high-copper amalgam restoration materials before and after 38% hydrogen peroxide application by in-office bleaching technique.

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In Vitro Comparison of Several Methods for Initial Proximal Caries Detection

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e47534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 358-364

Author(s):

Veselina Todorova ◽

Ivan Filipov ◽

Reneta Petrova

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Caries Detection ◽

Proximal Caries ◽

Bitewing Radiography ◽

Diagnodent Pen ◽

In Vitro Comparison

Introduction: Initial proximal caries is both diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The disadvantages of the conventional methods for caries detection and the development of technologies led to the creation of contemporary optical devices for early caries detection. Aim: In vitro comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of several methods for early proximal caries detection – visual-tactile, bitewing radiography and laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent pen). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight proximal surfaces of extracted human permanent premolars and molars were examined by two examiners using visual inspection, bitewing radiography, DIAGNOdent with proximal contact, and DIAGNOdent directly in the lesion. Results were compared with the histological gold standard. Statistical analysis with ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of each detection method was performed. Analysis was conducted in 3 diagnostic thresholds – initial, developed and advanced demineralization. Results: Sensitivity of visual inspection was 16%–33%, specificity 93.3%–100%, sensitivity of bitewing radiography 54%–67%, specificity 93%–94%, sensitivity of DIAGNOdent with proximal surfaces in contact 88%–91%, specificity 79%–89%, sensitivity of DIAGNOdent directly 89%–92.5%, specificity 81.29%–93%. The highest diagnostic accuracy, increasing with the rise of the level of demineralization, was shown by DIAGNOdent directly, followed by DIAGNOdent with proximal contact, bitewing radiography, and visual inspection with the lowest accuracy. Conclusion: The use of contemporary diagnostic devices significantly increases the possibility for early detection of proximal lesions. DIAGNOdent can be used as an adjunct to and increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional caries detection methods.

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