scholarly journals Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data for Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Case Study in the Eastern Atlantic

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Keren Rosado ◽  
Sen Chiao
Keyword(s):  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Tropical Cyclogenesis ◽  
Arw Model ◽  
Noteworthy Feature ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact

Aim:This study aimed to investigate the impact of using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) sounding data (i.e., Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate; COSMIC) for Tropical Cyclogenesis (TC-genesis) research.Methods:The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model and the WRF data assimilation system (i.e., WRF 3DVAR) were employed to simulate Tropical Depression- 8 (TD8) 2006. A noteworthy feature about TD8-genesis was that Saharan dust outbreak was also observed during this period, which made this event more sophisticated. The time frame to be focused on was from 1200 UTC September 09 to 1200 UTC September 12, 2006. The level 2 wetPrf COSMIC data was adopted in this research. A 72-hour integration wasperformed with initial and time-dependent lateral boundary conditions derived from the NCEP final analysis data (FNL). A 2-domain nested simulation was configured with 30 km, and10 km horizontal resolutions, respectively.Results:Simulation results from all the experiments performed with different RO soundings combination showed that the RO sounding 8 has the greatest significant impact on TD8 simulation.Conclusion:Elevation, time, and location are the parameters that made RO sounding 8 the most treasured sounding to analyze TD8.

scholarly journals The Impact of Vertical Resolution in the Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Ha ◽  
Jeon-Ho Kang ◽  
Suk-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Gps Radio Occultation ◽  
Angle Data ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The sensitivity of GPS radio occultation (GPSRO) bending angle assimilation to vertical resolution was studied within a global three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system. The sensitivity experiments were performed using different vertical resolutions of GPSRO data at 2 km, 1 km, 500 m, and 200 m. The assimilation of the higher vertical resolution GPSRO data showed better consistency in the analysis–forecast cycle in terms of the differences between GPSRO bending angle data and 6-h forecasts (O-F). This resulted in an improved analysis of the temperature, geopotential height, and wind in the mid-/upper-level troposphere by the hydrostatic response and the related model dynamics. It should be noted that the highest vertical resolution of the GPSRO data (200 m in this study) improved the forecasting skill level in terms of the root-mean-square error (against the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis) and the anomaly correlation of the geopotential height forecasting at 500 and 200 hPa in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The benefits of assimilating higher vertical resolution GPSRO data were more pronounced in the upper-level troposphere, which was in agreement with previous studies using real GPSRO observations.

scholarly journals Assimilation of GPS radio occultation data at DWD

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anlauf ◽  
D. Pingel ◽  
A. Rhodin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
German Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Experiments ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Radio Occultation Data

Abstract. We describe the status of the assimilation of bending angles from GPS radio occultations in the 3D-Var for DWD's operational global forecast model GME ("Global Model for Europe"). Experiments show that the assimilation of GPSRO data leads to a significant reduction of biases in the analyses of temperature, humidity and wind in the upper troposphere and the stratosphere, as well as a better r. m. s. fit in the comparison to radiosondes. The impact on forecasts is most prominent in the data sparse Southern Hemisphere, but is also quite notable in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics. The positive results found in the impact experiments lead to the implementation of the assimilation of GPS radio occultations from GRACE-A, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and GRAS/MetOp-A into the operational suite on 3 August 2010. We also show some initial results from assimilation experiments using radio occultation data from the German research satellite TerraSAR-X.

Estimation of the Added Value of the Absolute Calibration of GPS Radio Occultation Data for Numerical Weather Prediction

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep M. Aparicio ◽  
Stéphane Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Bias Correction ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Gps Radio Occultation ◽  
Correction Scheme ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radio Occultation Data

Abstract An analysis of the impact of GPS radio occultation observations on Environment Canada’s global deterministic weather prediction system is presented. Radio occultation data, as any other source of weather observations, have a direct impact on the analyses. Since they are assimilated assuming that they are well calibrated, they also impact the bias correction scheme employed for other data, such as satellite radiances. The authors estimate the relative impact of occultation data obtained from, first, their assimilation as atmospheric measurements and, second, their influence on the bias correction for radiance data. This assessment is performed using several implementations of the thermodynamic relationships involved, and also allowing or blocking this influence to the radiance bias correction scheme. The current implementation of occultation operators at Environment Canada is presented, collecting upgrades that have been detailed elsewhere, such as the equation of state of air and the expression of refractivity. The performance of the system with and without assimilation of occultations is reviewed under conditions representative of current operations. Several denial runs are prepared, withdrawing only the occultation data from the assimilation, but keeping their influence on the radiance bias correction, or assimilating occultations but denying their impact on the bias correction procedure, and a complete denial. It is shown that the impact of occultations on the analysis is significant through both paths—assimilation and radiance bias correction—albeit the first is larger. The authors conclude that the traceability link of the ensemble of occultations has an added value, beyond the value of each datum as an atmospheric measurement.

scholarly journals Exploring Nurse and Patient Experiences of Developing Rapport During Oncology Ambulatory Care Videoconferencing Visits: Protocol for Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Koppel ◽  
Jennie C De Gagne
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Relationships ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Telehealth videoconferencing has largely been embraced by healthcare providers and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about specific techniques for building rapport and provider-patient relationships in this care environment. Although research suggests videoconferencing is feasible and can be effective for some types of care, concerns about the impact of technology on provider-patient relationships are evident across health disciplines. Suggestions for adapting some in-person rapport techniques, such as the use of small talk, eye contact, body language, and touch to facilitate trust, personal connection, and communication during videoconferencing encounters, have been discussed in the popular press and clinical commentaries. Notably, the evidence is lacking regarding the effects of these strategies on rapport and clinical care outcomes. Understanding how to establish rapport in videoconferencing visits is especially important in oncology nursing, where rapport with patients enables nurses to become a source of emotional support, helping patients adapt and navigate the cancer journey. OBJECTIVE This study will investigate the nature of nurse-patient rapport in ambulatory cancer care videoconferencing visits. Objectives include exploring (1) how patients with cancer and nurses describe experiences of rapport and strategies for cultivating rapport in videoconferencing visits and (2) similarities and differences identified by patients with cancer and nurses between rapport in videoconferencing and in-person visits. METHODS Semi-structured narrative interviews of patients with cancer and nurses will be conducted to understand the experience of rapport-building in videoconferencing visits. Nurses and patients will be interviewed separately to facilitate understanding the perspectives of both types of participants. Interviews will be conducted on a secure videoconferencing platform. This qualitative descriptive study will describe participant experiences in a manner that, while not without interpretation, is as close to the data as possible. The research team will meet regularly to discuss, define, and document codes, categories, and themes, keeping a detailed audit trail of analytical decisions. In addition, member checking will enhance the study’s rigor. Nurse and patient interviews will be analyzed separately using identical procedures and may be explored side-by-side in the final analysis to provide comparative analysis. Data management and analysis will be performed using NVivo 12. RESULTS Data collection will begin during April 2021 with results from data analysis anticipated by July 2021. A research team trained in qualitative methodology will use conventional content analysis to analyze the data using first- and second-level codes derived directly from the transcribed text data. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to determine what behaviors, communication techniques, and relational practices need to be adapted, setting the foundation for future development of interventions and evidence-based practice guidelines for relationship building during videoconferencing telehealth visits.

Improved Analyses and Forecasts of Hurricane Ernesto’s Genesis Using Radio Occultation Data in an Ensemble Filter Assimilation System

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jeffrey Anderson ◽  
Ying-Hwa Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wind Analysis ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Assimilation System

Abstract Radio occultation (RO) refractivity observations provide information about tropospheric water vapor and temperature in all weather conditions. The impact of using RO refractivity observations on analyses and forecasts of Hurricane Ernesto’s genesis (2006) using an ensemble Kaman filter data assimilation system is investigated. Assimilating RO refractivity profiles in the vicinity of the storm locally moistens the analysis of the lower troposphere and also adjusts the wind analysis in both the lower and upper troposphere through forecast multivariate correlations of RO refractivity and wind. The model forecasts propagate and enhance the added water vapor and the wind adjustments leading to more accurate analyses of the later stages of the genesis of the storm. The root-mean-square errors of water vapor and wind forecasts compared to dropsonde and radiosonde observations are reduced consistently. As a result, assimilating RO refractivity data in addition to traditional observations leads to a stronger initial vortex of the storm and improved forecasts of the storm’s intensification. The benefits of the RO data are much reduced when the RO data in the lower troposphere (below 6 km) are ignored.

scholarly journals Assimilation of GPS radio occultation data at DWD

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1533-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anlauf ◽  
D. Pingel ◽  
A. Rhodin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Experiments ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Radio Occultation Data

Abstract. We describe the status of the assimilation of bending angles from GPS radio occultations in the 3D-Var for DWD's operational global forecast model GME ("Global Model for Europe"). Experiments show that the assimilation of GPSRO data leads to a significant reduction of biases in the analyses of temperature, humidity and wind in the upper troposphere and the stratosphere, as well as a better r. m. s. fit in the comparison to radiosondes. The impact on forecasts is most prominent in the data sparse Southern Hemisphere, but is also quite notable in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics, where we also see a slightly positive impact on surface pressure. The positive results found in the impact experiments lead to the implementation of the assimilation of GPS radio occultations from GRACE-A, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and GRAS/MetOp-A into the operational suite on 3 August 2010. We also show some initial results from assimilation experiments using radio occultation data from the German research satellite TerraSAR-X.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Patients’ Disease Types on Caregiving Time and Caregiver Burden: An Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Su ◽  
Zi Zhou ◽  
Jonathan Gelfond
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
National Trends ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Patients with different medical conditions often have distinctive caregiving needs that could result in varying levels of caregiver burden. However, despite empirical advances in this area, little is known about how patients’ disease types interact with caregiving time and caregiver burden. To bridge this gap, we examined the impact of patients’ disease types on caregiving time and burden. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 2. Only participants self-identified as caregivers were included in the final analysis. Data on patients’ disease types, caregiving time (i.e., caregiving duration and caregiving hours spent per week), and caregiver burden (i.e., caregivers’ self-rated health, body mass index, and psychological distress) were examined using logistic regression analysis.Results: Patients’ disease types impacted caregiving time and burden. Caregivers of patients with neurological disease spent the greatest amount of time. For caregiver burden, caregivers of patients with cancer or aging related disease experienced worst self-rated health, caregivers of patients with orthopedic disease have the greatest likelihood to be overweight or obese, while cancer caregivers experienced greatest levels of psychological distress. Conclusions: Patients’ disease types had highly varied effects on caregiving time and burden. This study underscores the need for healthcare researchers to adopt a nuanced approach in acknowledging and addressing the burden of care experienced by caregivers, such as tailoring interventions based on both patients and caregivers’ characteristics and preferences.

scholarly journals Ionospheric correction of GPS radio occultation data in the troposphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 7781-7803
Author(s):  
Z. Zeng ◽  
S. Sokolovskiy ◽  
W. Schreiner ◽  
D. Hunt ◽  
J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Neutral Atmosphere ◽  
Ionospheric Correction ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Gps Radio Occultation ◽  
Occultation Data ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radio Occultation Data ◽  
Bending Angles

Abstract. For inversions of the GPS radio occultation (RO) data in the neutral atmosphere, this study investigates an optimal transition height for replacing the standard ionospheric correction by the linear combination of the L1 and L2 bending angles with the correction of the L1 bending angle by the L1-L2 bending angle extrapolated from above. The optimal transition height depends on the RO mission (i.e., the receiver and firmware) and is different between rising and setting occultations and between L2P and L2C GPS signals. This height is within the range approximately 10–20 km. One fixed transition height, which can be used for the processing of currently available GPS RO data, can be set to 20 km. Analysis of the L1CA and the L2C bending angles in the presence of a sharp top of the boundary layer reveals differences that can be explained by shifts in the impact parameter. The ionosphere-induced vertical shifts of the bending angle profiles require further investigation.

Coming-of-Age Cinema in New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
French New Wave ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Zealanders

This book investigates the coming-of-age genre as a significant phenomenon in New Zealand’s national cinema, tracing its development from the 1970s to the present day. A preliminary chapter identifies the characteristics of the coming-of-age film as a genre, tracing its evolution and the influence of the French New Wave and European Art Cinema, and speculating on the role of the genre in the output of national cinemas. Through case studies of fifteen significant films, including The God Boy, Sleeping Dogs, The Scarecrow, Vigil, Mauri, An Angel at My Table, Heavenly Creatures, Once Were Warriors, Rain, Whale Rider, In My Father’s Den, 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous, Boy, Mahana, and Hunt for the Wilderpeople, subsequent chapters examine thematic preoccupations of filmmakers such as the impact of repressive belief systems and social codes, the experience of cultural dislocation, the expression of a Māori perspective through an indigenous “Fourth Cinema,” bicultural relationships, and issues of sexual identity, arguing that these films provide a unique insight into the cultural formation of New Zealanders. Given that the majority of films are adaptations of literary sources, the book also explores the dialogue each film conducts with the nation’s literature, showing how the time frame of each film is updated in a way that allows these films to be considered as a register of important cultural shifts that have occurred as New Zealanders have sought to discover their emerging national identity.

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