Yakut Choral Society: Problems of revival in modern social-cultural conditions

В данной статье рассматривается история развития хорового исполнительства в Якутии, становление Якутского хорового общества – республиканского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества (ВХО, обосновывается актуальность этого значимого для Якутии явления музыкальной культуры. Очерчены основные вехи в развитии данного общества. Автор статьи представляет изучаемый объект как значимое явление в культурной жизни республики, прослеживая его развитие на протяжении более полувека, начиная с 1958 г. Благодаря деятельности Якутского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества хоровым движением было охвачено практически всё население Якутии. Благодаря сотрудничеству с якутскими композиторами, хоровая музыка стала популярной на уровне трудовых коллективов республики тех лет. Показана роль руководителей регионального отделения разного периода времени – Г.Ф. Таныгина, Ф.А. Баишевой, Л.Е. Архиповой и др. Смена политического строя в стране не лучшим образом отразилась на развитии хорового дела в стране и в республике, в частности, Всероссийское хоровое общество и его региональные отделения перестали существовать, несмотря на его реорганизацию в 1987 г. в Музыкальное общество. В статье впервые описано время, начиная с 2013 г., когда происходило восстановление Якутского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества. Необходимость его возрождения стала очевидной в виду возросшего спроса на организацию хорового дела как массового явления культуры якутского общества. В статье представлены важнейшие мероприятия, проведенные Якутским отделением ВХО, охарактеризованы крупные достижения за последние годы, проанализированы основные проблемы, стоящие перед организацией в переходный восстановительный период, а именно – улучшение финансирования, подготовка кадров. The article is devoted to the study of choral performance in Yakutia, the formation of the Yakut Choral Society, the regional branch of the All-Russian Choral Society. The relevance of this significant for Yakutia phenomenon of musical culture is substantiated. The main milestones in the development of the society are outlined. The author of the article presents the object under study as a significant phenomenon in the cultural life of the republic for more than half a century, starting in 1958. Thanks to the activities of the Yakut branch of the All-Russian Higher Education, the choral movement covered almost the entire population of Yakutia. Thanks to cooperation with Yakut composers, choral music became popular even among teams of co-workers. The role of the leaders of the regional branch – G.F. Tanygin, F.A. Baisheva, L.E. Arkhipova, and others – is shown. The changes in the political system in the country had a detrimental effect on the development of choral art in the country and in the republic, in particular. The RCS and its regional branches ceased to exist despite the attempts to reorganize it in 1987 into the Musical Society. For the first time, the article shows the difficult time when the restoration of the RCS in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) took place, starting in 2013. The need for revival became obvious in view of the increased demand for the organization of choral work as a mass phenomenon of the culture of society. The most important events carried out by the Yakutsk branch of the RCS are presented and the major achievements in recent years are characterized. At the same time, the main problems facing the organization in the transitional recovery period are analyzed: improving funding and training.

PARTICIPATION OF PEASANTS OF THE SIMBIRSK VOLGA REGION IN REVOLUTIONARY AND TERRORIST ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARY PARTY (1905–1907)

In the second half of the XIX century, revolutionary terrorism emerged in the territory of the Russian Empire. This particular kind of socio-political violence was promoted in those years by some populist groups that worked primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg, for example, the Ishutin circle, which consisted mainly of students. One of its participants, a former student D. Karakozov, shot at the Russian Emperor Alexander II 155 years ago in April 1866 in St. Petersburg. The most famous “revolutionary terrorists” of Russia were members of the largest Russian opposition political organization of the XIX century, “Narodnaya Volya”, most of whom were, as one used to say then, raznochinets. Revolutionary terrorism in the empire reached its peak in the first years of the XX century (1902–1907), when it became part of the strategy and tactics of a number of opposition political parties and organizations of neo-populist orientation. They acted both in the national regions of the country (Little Russia, Transcaucasia) and in Russian capitals and regions. First of all, this has to do with the All-Russian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs). At the same time, in the territory of the Russian provinces in the era of brutal revolutionary terrorism in the country, not only the Socialist revolutionaries had their revolutionary-terrorist (combat) formations. So, during this period, terrorist units were created by the SR Maximalists who left the party during the First Russian Revolution and contributed to the ideological and organizational split of the Social Revolutionaries. In the same years, various anarchist structures had combat organizations. Having become a significant phenomenon of the socio-political life of a huge country, terrorism drew representatives of different social groups of the population into its practice. What was the role of the peasantry in the Socialist-Revolutionary terror? The author gives examples where the peasants of the Simbirsk Volga region took part in carrying out terrorist attacks. The researcher concludes that Russian peasants were among the active participants in combat units, which is clearly seen in the examples of combat structures of Simbirsk provincial organization of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, in the ranks of which, for example, in rural areas, there were combat squads consisting mainly of peasants.

Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia

The report on the international conference “Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia”, held at Petrozavodsk State University on June 3–4, 2021, is presented. It is noted that the name of F. F. Fortunatov is a significant phenomenon in the history of world linguistics for understanding the development of scientific theory and methodology in linguistics. The scientist laid the foundations of modern grammatical theory, assessed controversial processes in the field of the history and accentology of Slavic and Baltic languages, and contributed to the formation of new linguistic trends. The Fortunatov School at the end of the 19th century went beyond the geographical borders of Russia and became known abroad as one of the most advanced academic schools. A brief description of the program and the reports presented, covering the problems of historical and diachronic linguistics in the context of comparative and typological linguistics, language teaching methods, syntax, dialectology, communication theory, culture of language and poetics, is given. Special attention is paid to the relevance in modern linguistics of F. F. Fortunatov’s ideas. Parallels are drawn with related humanities disciplines.

Improving of Green Sand-Mould Quality using Taguchi Technique

The green sand mould casting is an inevitable process to make large size and complex shape of the industrial components. The quality of green sand in mould is a significant phenomenon on casting quality. In this research, the number of ramming, sand thickness mould, and percentage of additives (western bentonite) mixing with sand have been considered to study the effects on permeability and hardness of mould by L27 orthogonal array. Greensand mould experiments have been conducted in the industry to observe the output parameter variations by Taguchi statistical analysis. It was revealed that the maximum permeability and minimum sand hardness have been obtained from the minimum number of ramming, thin sand thickness, and minimum mixing of additives in the sand. The confirmation tests were conducted to validate the predicted control parameter on responses.

Small Towns Recovery and Valorisation. An Innovative Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy of Project Initiatives

In many Countries, the depopulation of small towns is a significant phenomenon, which is causing the disappearance of a vast material and immaterial heritage, the beating heart of national identities. However, in recent years, with the environmental and metropolitan crisis, a gradual change of trend is taking place in which small towns play a crucial role in rebuilding the city-countryside relationship. The sustainable development of territories is possible, but in order to achieve it, it is essential to reverse the gaze and consider small municipalities as the main driving force for a radical change. Nevertheless, too often administrations are inadequate in dealing with the complexity of small realities, defining strategies and funding projects that are inconsistent with the real and varied local needs. This work deals with the issue of the recovery and valorisation of small towns through multi-criteria analysis schemes able to capture not only the specific characteristics of the small municipality, but also its relations with the territory and with neighbouring medium/large cities or other surrounding small towns (city-villages network or small municipalities network), also with reference to the multiple infrastructural components. The aim was to identify the critical points of intervention actions and to effectively address future investments. The idea was to propose a technical-economic evaluation protocol structured on social, economic, environmental, and historic-architectural components. The study of the criteria, divided into several sub-criteria, led to the proposal of innovative datasets of evaluation indicators. The model was applied to a case study. The results showed the validity of the investigation protocol, which can be an important tool for prioritising the interventions to be implemented, thus optimising the processes of resources allocation—both public and private—according to the principles of sustainable development, with relevant effects in terms of economic policy.

The key characteristics of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities: criminological aspect

The object of this research is corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities as a separate significant phenomenon from the perspective of criminology. The subject of this research is the norms of international and Russian legislation that regulate the legal status of the representative bodies of municipalities in the Russian Federation, as well as scientific work of the experts in criminology, constitutional, municipal and criminal law, which allow disclosing the key characteristics of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The goal of this article lies in formation of holistic view of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The task is set to examine and analyze the legislation and scientific literature on the activity of the representative bodies of municipalities and their members (deputies), determine the key attributes of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities, as well as establish this negative sociopolitical and legal phenomenon. The scientific novelty consists in studying the peculiarities of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities, describing the key characteristic features of this phenomenon (sphere of existence, constituencies, scope of objectives), and giving the working definition to the concept of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The acquired results lead to the conclusion that corruption in the representative bodies of municipalities is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that negatively impacts the activity of a particular municipality, as well as the system of local administration overall.

WORK OF NIKOLAI TSIVCHINSKII: CONTRIBUTION OF THE BOYCHUK SCHOOL TO THE ART OF KAZAKH TAPESTRY

The purpose of the research is to introduce the creative achievements of N. Tsivchinskii into scientific use in the context of the formation of the art school of the Ukrainian avant-garde of Mykhailo Boychuk. The study’s objectives are to determine the origins of the formation of the muralist and arts and crafts master N. Tsivchinskii’s work, his contribution to the shape of the history of the Kazakh professional tapestry. His work reflects the penetration and deep insight into the significance of traditional cultural identity, the Boychuk school’s monumentalism inherent. One of the few surviving Boychukists who were scattered to the four corners of the earth by fate, N. Tsivchinskii developed the versatile skills, artistic language, and tradition of the Boychuk school also became one of the brightest figures in the Kazakh decorative and applied arts. The life path and work of N. Tsivchinskii reflect the most critical and tragic chapters of the country development thoroughly, which is no longer on the map. The research methods used are biographical, source-based, and historical. The methodological innovation of the research is the use of the biographical approach along with the historical one in the framework of the “new comparative history” as an effective tool for studying the artistic heritage of Kazakhstan and Ukraine in the Soviet era. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the introduction of new information about the artist, whose work was only mentioned in the context of the Boychuk school scholars’ activities, a significant part of whose followers were destroyed during the years of the Red Terror. Conclusions. The work of N. Tsivchinskii is considered in the context of the activity of the art school of M. Boychuk, where he became an arts and crafts master. In the 1930s, in Kazakhstan, N. Tsivchinskii continued the traditions of the Boychukists, became the founder of the first carpet cooperative craft society, which became a truly significant phenomenon in the history of the formation of professional decorative and applied art in the republic.

Work-Time, Male-Breadwinning and the Division of Domestic Labour: Male Part-Time and Full-Time Workers in Unsettled Times

The majority of male workers spend full-time hours in the labour market while part-time employment is heavily female dominated. A decade of economic unrest in the UK following the recession of 2008–2009 was accompanied by a considerable expansion in the numbers of men working part-time. Growing male part-time employment is a significant phenomenon, with potential for narrowing gender inequalities in ways of working, inside and outside the home. Applying a gendered lens to men’s working lives, the article focuses upon the ramifications of this growing male work-time diversity. Unsettled times can create the circumstances for opening up acceptable behaviours, for ‘undoing’ gender roles. The financial circumstances of male part- and full-timers, and men’s engagement in unpaid domestic work, are compared. Part-time jobs are associated with more financial hardship than are full-time, but they offer up the potential for narrowing gender inequality in the sharing of core domestic work tasks.

Characteristics of the modern model of rural schools in the context of socio-cultural modernization of education

Современная сельская школа представляет собой уникальное явление образовательного процесса. В последние десятилетия ХХ в. наиболее значительным явлением в мировом сообществе стали процессы сетизации, цифровизации социально-экономической деятельности, что способствовало инновационному развитию социальной сферы, а том числе и сельских школ. Модернизация, необходимая как в целом человечеству, населяющему планету, так и отдельному индивидууму, стремящемуся к гармоничному пребыванию на этой планете. Современное состояние общества характеризуется его переходом на новый, более высокий уровень социокультурного развития. Поэтому социокультурная составляющая является главной в процессе модернизации чего – образования, экономики, бизнеса, а тем более – страны. Именно она позволяет осуществлять одновременное обновление различных сфер общества наиболее эффективно и наименее болезненно, поскольку учитывает механизмы социальных изменений – культурную систему координат, особенности менталитета, моральные постулаты, самосознание нации, историческую память народа. Такая «интегрированная модернизация» способна обеспечить стране безопасность и конкурентоспособность. В данной статье представлен современная модель сельской школы как новый взгляд на развитие села, сельских образовательных организаций, дано теоретическое обоснование модели, ее подходом и методов. Современная модель существенным образом влияет на развитие субъектов образовательного процесса, перспективная деятельность которых обеспечивает развитие сельских территорий. The modern rural school is a unique phenomenon of the educational process. In the last decades of the twentieth century, the most significant phenomenon in the world community was the processes of networking, digitalization of socio-economic activities, which contributed to the innovative development of the social sphere, including rural schools. Modernization, which is necessary both for humanity as a whole, which inhabits the planet, and for the individual, who strives for a harmonious stay on this planet. The current state of society is characterized by its transition to a new, higher level of socio-cultural development. Therefore, the socio-cultural component is the main one in the process of modernization of everything-education, economy, business, and even more so – the country. It allows for the simultaneous renewal of various spheres of society most effectively and least painfully, since it takes into account the mechanisms of social change – the cultural coordinate system, the peculiarities of mentality, moral postulates, the self-consciousness of the nation, the historical memory of the people. Such "integrated modernization" can provide the country with security and competitiveness. This article presents the modern model of rural schools as a new look at the development of rural and rural educational organizations, provides a theoretical justification of the model, its approach and methods. The modern model significantly affects the development of the subjects of the educational process, whose promising activities ensure the development of rural areas.