scholarly journals Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriti Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Indrajit Chowdhury ◽  
Rajesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
A Current

A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with indwelling medical devicesviaattachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the resistance of a microorganism for antimicrobial agents and developed the human infection. Current strategies are removed or prevent the microbial colonies from the medical devices, which are attached to the surfaces. This will improve the clinical outcomes in favor of the patients suffering from serious infectious diseases. Moreover, the identification and inhibition of genes, which have the major role in biofilm formation, could be the effective approach for health care systems. In a current review article, we are highlighting the biofilm matrix and molecular mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals Contemporary rehabilitation at cancer centres

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hojan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cancer Rehabilitation ◽  
Continuous Part ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Professional Resources ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Aim. Cancer rehabilitation is an important, but often underutilized treatment in the comprehensive care of the cancer patient. The lack of appropriate referral by physicians unfamiliar with the concept of rehabilitation was identified as primary barriers to optimal delivery of rehabilitation care. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in the world of science of cancer rehabilitation and to describe availability of professional resources in the selected countries in the world. Material and methods. This paper is a review article to describe rehabilitation models in cancer services for patients in selected cases in the world.Results. Rehabilitation should be applied in various settings, depending on the level of disability, extent of disease, medical acuity level of the patient, and available services. However, the rehabilitation systems in the world differ depending on the various social security and health-care systems, but they are largely based on a similar, multidimensional and multidisciplinary understanding of cancer rehabilitation. Conclusions. On the basis of description of the bio-psycho-social models, it can be seen that rehabilitation must be an integral and continuous part of all cancer care. There is strong evidence that rehabilitation is a well-tolerated and safe adjunct therapy that can mitigate several common treatment-related side effects among cancer patients.

scholarly journals Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Hall ◽  
Phillip Palmer ◽  
Hai-Feng Ji ◽  
Garth D. Ehrlich ◽  
Jarosław E. Król
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

Recent advances in 3D printing have led to a rise in the use of 3D printed materials in prosthetics and external medical devices. These devices, while inexpensive, have not been adequately studied for their ability to resist biofouling and biofilm buildup. Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of biofouling in the medical field and, therefore, hospital-acquired, and medical device infections. These surface-attached bacteria are highly recalcitrant to conventional antimicrobial agents and result in chronic infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and medical officials have considered 3D printed medical devices as alternatives to conventional devices, due to manufacturing shortages. This abundant use of 3D printed devices in the medical fields warrants studies to assess the ability of different microorganisms to attach and colonize to such surfaces. In this study, we describe methods to determine bacterial biofouling and biofilm formation on 3D printed materials. We explored the biofilm-forming ability of multiple opportunistic pathogens commonly found on the human body including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus to colonize eight commonly used polylactic acid (PLA) polymers. Biofilm quantification, surface topography, digital optical microscopy, and 3D projections were employed to better understand the bacterial attachment to 3D printed surfaces. We found that biofilm formation depends on surface structure, hydrophobicity, and that there was a wide range of antimicrobial properties among the tested polymers. We compared our tested materials with commercially available antimicrobial PLA polymers.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials for Treating Bacterial Biofilms on Implantable Medical Devices

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Hoai My Tran ◽  
Hien Tran ◽  
Marsilea A. Booth ◽  
Kate E. Fox ◽  
Thi Hiep Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Extracellular Polymer Substance ◽  
Antimicrobial Materials ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

Bacterial biofilms are involved in most device-associated infections and remain a challenge for modern medicine. One major approach to addressing this problem is to prevent the formation of biofilms using novel antimicrobial materials, device surface modification or local drug delivery; however, successful preventive measures are still extremely limited. The other approach is concerned with treating biofilms that have already formed on the devices; this approach is the focus of our manuscript. Treating biofilms associated with medical devices has unique challenges due to the biofilm’s extracellular polymer substance (EPS) and the biofilm bacteria’s resistance to most conventional antimicrobial agents. The treatment is further complicated by the fact that the treatment must be suitable for applying on devices surrounded by host tissue in many cases. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices, yet their applications in treating bacterial biofilm remains to be further investigated due to the fact that treating the biofilm bacteria and destroying the EPS are much more challenging than preventing adhesion of planktonic bacteria or inhibiting their surface colonization. In this highly focused review, we examined only studies that demonstrated successful EPS destruction and biofilm bacteria killing and provided in-depth description of the nanomaterials and the biofilm eradication efficacy, followed by discussion of key issues in this topic and suggestion for future development.

Human Factors Applications to Health Care Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1167-1167
Author(s):  
Susan Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Care Systems

This demonstration program shows how human factors design and evaluation principles can be applied to the area of medical device and healthcare systems. The objective is to provide examples of evaluations and new designs for healthcare products which reduce human error and improve medical devices and instructional materials. International performance and design standards incorporating human factors principles are gaining more attention because of the efforts of the European medical device industry to standardize products.

Biocompatibility of polymer-based biomaterials and medical devices – regulations,in vitroscreening and risk-management

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2025-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélisande Bernard ◽  
Emile Jubeli ◽  
Michael D. Pungente ◽  
Najet Yagoubi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Care Systems

Biomaterials play an increasing role in modern health care systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of Knowledge Databases to Be Used in Automated Monitoring of Orthopedic Medical Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Dhalluin ◽  
Leslie Grammatico-Guillon ◽  
Philippe Rosset ◽  
Marc Cuggia
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Shoulder Prosthesis ◽  
Automated Monitoring ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Combine Information

Surveillance and traceability of medical devices (MD) is a challenge in health care systems. In the perspective of reusing EHR data to automate the monitoring of medical devices, we carried out a comparison of the main MD knowledge bases (MD-KDB) currently available in France. Four MD-KDBs (ANSM, Gudid, Exhausmed and CIOdm) were compared quantitatively and through an example of a shoulder prosthesis. The number of MDs registered differs from one MD-KDB to another. Domain terminologies used in MD-KDBs differ in terms of granularity and in the ease of querying. Waiting EUDAMED, the European MD-KDB, it seems necessary so far to use and combine information coming from several MD-KDBs to address MD monitoring.

Efficacy of Usnea sp. Extracts in Preventing Biofilm Formation by Bacillus Species Isolated from Soaking Liquor Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Didem Berber ◽  
İpek Türkmenoğlu ◽  
Meral Birbir ◽  
Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Bacteria forms biofilm to be resistant to antibacterial agents and other unfavorable environment as compared to planktonic bacterial cells. Due to resistance of bacterial biofilms to commonly used antimicrobial agents and adverse effects of these biofilms in different industries, potential natural compounds which can inhibit bacterial biofilms have attracted more attention in recent years. Lichens are known to have unique secondary metabolites with various biological activities including anti-biofilm properties. Therefore, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soak liquor samples in the previous study, were tested for their ability to form biofilm in this study. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species were detected as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. velezensis. The anti-biofilm effect of the acetone extracts of Usnea sp. was evaluated at various concentrations against these biofilm-forming isolates. The anti-biofilm effect of acetone extracts of Usnea sp. against B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens was observed at the concentration of 5 µg/mL by inhibition ratios of 62.75% and 72.72%, respectively. In addition, biofilm formation of B. velezensis was inhibited by the treatment with 1.25 µg/mL extracts at a 62.69% inhibition rate. Biofilm formations of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis were also suppressed by the extracts at varying percentages of inhibition ranging between 10.11-43.69% and 21.25-46.35%, respectively. This study may provide an alternative approach to overcome the biofilm formation and bacterial resistance to the antibacterial agents in the leather industry.

Novel Synthetic Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Peptides (SAAPs)-containing coatings to prevent biomaterial-associated infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Riool ◽  
Anna de Breij ◽  
Moniek G.J. Schmitz ◽  
Leonie de Boer ◽  
Jan W. Drijfhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Scaffold Material

<p>The use of medical devices has grown significantly over the last decades, and has become a major part of modern medicine and our daily life. Infection of implanted medical devices (biomaterials), like catheters, prosthetic heart valves or orthopaedic implants, can have disastrous consequences, including removal of the device. For still not well understood reasons, the presence of a foreign body strongly increases susceptibility to infection. These so-called biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) are mainly caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>. The risk of infection might even be higher in so-called <em>in situ</em> tissue engineering applications, where population or infiltration of the scaffold material by endogenous cells and thereby the formation of new/healed tissue occurs as a spatiotemporal process. Since the porous scaffold materials can form a niche for invading bacteria, the intended in situ production of novel tissue may be severely compromised by infection.</p> <p>Our work focuses on the development and characterization of novel antimicrobial agents and delivery systems, and their effectiveness in the prevention of BAI and other difficult-to-treat biofilm infections. The scarcity of current antibiotic-based strategies to prevent infections and their risk of resistance development prompted us to develop novel synthetic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm peptides (SAAPs) based on the primary sequences of the human antimicrobial proteins Thrombocin-1<sup>1</sup> and LL-37<sup>2</sup>, and to test their potential in the fight against implant-associated and wound infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The lead peptide, SAAP-148, kills multidrug-resistant pathogens without inducing resistance, prevents biofilm formation and eliminates established biofilms and persister cells, and is effective against both acute and established skin infections<sup>1</sup>. As a next step, we aim to develop a new polymeric supramolecular<sup>3</sup> scaffold material, exerting two important functions: preventing microbial adhesion - by incorporating SAAP-148 - and thereby preventing biofilm formation, and inducing endogenous (eukaryotic) cells to adhere and propagate, as a first step towards functional tissue repair.</p> <p>This work is supported by FP7-HEALTH-2011 grant 278890, Biofilm Alliance and by NWO NEWPOL grant SuperActive (Project No. 731.015.505) in collaboration with the Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands).</p> <p><sup>1</sup>Riool M. & de Breij A. <em>et al.</em>, BBA – Biomembranes (2020); <sup>2</sup>de Breij A. & Riool M. <em>et al.</em>, Sci. Transl. Med. (2018); <sup>3</sup>Dankers P.Y.W. <em>et al.</em>, Nat. Mater. (2005).</p>

scholarly journals Classifying and diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus in the 21st century

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. v4-v11
Author(s):  
Martin Aringer ◽  
Sindhu R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Environmental Background ◽  
Organ Manifestations ◽  
A Current

Abstract The EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE constitute a current and optimized clinical approach to SLE classification. Classification is still not based on molecular approaches and the results from large studies using polyomics may be interpreted as demonstrating the relevance of the genetic and environmental background rather than splitting SLE into several entities. In fact, an association study within the EULAR/ACR classification criteria project found associations between manifestations only within organ domains. This independency of various organ manifestations argues for SLE as one disease entity. The current review article will therefore concentrate on the clinical and immunological manifestations of SLE and on what we have already learned in this century. Moreover, the structure and essential rules of the EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria will be discussed. While classification and diagnosis are distinct concepts, which have to remain clearly separated, information derived from the process towards the classification criteria is also useful for diagnostic purposes. Therefore this article also tries to delineate what classification can teach us for diagnosis, covering a wide variety of SLE manifestations.

scholarly journals Influence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antimicrobial Agents on Biofilm Formation in Indwelling Medical Devices

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henriques ◽  
N. Cerca ◽  
J. Azeredo ◽  
R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Microbial Agents ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Control Samples

Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida spp. are two of the most frequent factors of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices. Several strategies have been proposed and/or developed to prevent infection. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of anti-microbial agents on biofilm formation. Biofilms of three strains of S. epidermidis and two of both Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were formed in the presence of three antibiotics and two antifungal agents respectively. Based on the control samples, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition by the different agents was determined and compared. The results showed that the influence of the antibacterial and antifungal agents tested is strain dependent, with the effect of the different agents also varying among strains, even though they have the same mechanism of action.

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