scholarly journals Hemicerebrum Infarction or Artifact: Effects of Out-of Center Positioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Rob Westerlaken ◽  
Antoine van der Linden ◽  
Laurien Oosterwijk ◽  
Levinus Bok ◽  
Carola van Pul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Similar Density

Background: CT scans are widely used for their ability to easily and rapidly obtain medical information. However, they are also vulnerable for artifacts. Fortunately, the majority is easily recognizable or is so well known that they are included in differential diagnosis on interpreting CT and rarely cause misdiagnosis or additional investigations. Methods: We report 2 infants with rare CT hemicerebrum density differences. They were not consistent with the clinical condition of the patients and could be classified as being artifacts after MRI proved to be normal. Retrospectively, this could have been detected on CT by examining the eyes, which also showed not otherwise explicable density differences. Results: These artifacts appeared to be caused by out-of center positioning, as we could demonstrate with experimental phantom scanning. We have not found any previous reports on this type of artifact. Conclusion: Recognition of this specific type of artifacts by observing similar density differences in the eyes does prevent unnecessary additional imaging.

scholarly journals Primary Plasmacytoma of the Kidney

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
R. A. J. Spence ◽  
A. Thwaini ◽  
D. M. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Primary renal plasmacytomas are an extremely rare clinical condition. Their management is particularly challenging due to the paucity of evidence, with only just over a dozen previously reported cases. We report a case of a primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the kidney and performed a review of the literature. The case is presented as a learning point that it is imperative to keep plasmacytic tumours in mind and to include them in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic tumours, even in unusual locations, such as the kidney.

scholarly journals Differential Diagnostic Reasoning Method for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Based on Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chunling Dong ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Ningyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Diagnostic Reasoning ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The accurate differentiation of the subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can significantly improve the efficacy of repositioning maneuver in its treatment and thus reduce unnecessary clinical tests and inappropriate medications. In this study, attempts have been made towards developing approaches of causality modeling and diagnostic reasoning about the uncertainties that can arise from medical information. A dynamic uncertain causality graph-based differential diagnosis model for BPPV including 354 variables and 885 causality arcs is constructed. New algorithms are also proposed for differential diagnosis through logical and probabilistic inference, with an emphasis on solving the problems of intricate and confounding disease factors, incomplete clinical observations, and insufficient sample data. This study further uses vertigo cases to test the performance of the proposed method in clinical practice. The results point to high accuracy, a satisfactory discriminatory ability for BPPV, and favorable robustness regarding incomplete medical information. The underlying pathological mechanisms and causality semantics are verified using compact graphical representation and reasoning process, which enhance the interpretability of the diagnosis conclusions.

Contralateral ventricular dilatation in supratentorial tumors

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. G. Findlay ◽  
Brian H. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Supratentorial Tumors ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The computerized tomographic (CT) scans of 411 patients with supratentorial lateralized tumors were compared with an assessment of their clinical condition. More than one-third of these patients showed dilatation of the contralateral lateral ventricle, which was associated with a lower level of consciousness.

scholarly journals Etiology of Small Bowel Thickening on Computed Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Finkelstone ◽  
Ellen Wolf ◽  
Marjorie W Stein
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND: Abdominal pain is often evaluated using imaging, most often with computed tomography (CT). While CT is sensitive and specific for certain diagnoses, small bowel thickening is a nonspecific finding on CT with a broad differential diagnosis including infection, inflammation, ischemia and neoplasm.METHOD: A review of medical records of patients who underwent CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis over a one-year period and exhibited small bowel thickening were retrospectively evaluated to determine the final diagnosis.RESULTS: The etiologies of small bowel thickening on CT were as follows: infection (113 of 446 [25.34%]); reactive inflammation (69 of 446 [15.47%]); primary inflammation (62 of 446 [13.90%]); small bowel obstruction (38 of 446 [8.52%]); iatrogenic (33 of 446 [7.40%]); neoplastic (32 of 446 [7.17%]); ascites (30 of 446 [6.73%]); unknown (28 of 446 [6.28%]); ischemic (24 of 446 [5.38%]); and miscellaneous (17 of 446 [3.81%]).CONCLUSION: Infectious and inflammatory (primary or reactive) conditions were the most common cause of small bowel thickening in the present series; these data can be used to formulate a more specific differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Case report of the treatment and experience of mental disorders due to chronic viral encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. e100340
Author(s):  
Mingming Zheng ◽  
Ran Bi ◽  
Yezhe Lin ◽  
Cuizhen Zhu ◽  
Daomin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Viral encephalitis is a common clinical condition. Its clinical manifestations are variable and include neurological symptoms and psychiatric abnormalities, which makes clinical diagnosis and treatment difficult. To date, there are only a few reported cases on mental symptoms of chronic viral encephalitis. We present a case of a 16-year-old male patient who was previously hospitalised and diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with aripiprazole 15 mg/day but failed to respond. The patient was then given antiviral therapy and recovered after 2 weeks. Clinicians should be aware of the possbility that chronic mental disorders could be caused by viral encephalitis. In the future, diagnosis of chronic functional mental disorders should include viral encephalitis in the differential diagnosis.

C-Reactive protein levels in the differential diagnosis of brain abscesses

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hirschberg ◽  
Vidar Bosnes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Brain Abscesses

✓ C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein found in plasma at elevated concentrations during acute or chronic infections. As an aid in the differential diagnosis between brain tumor and abscess, the CRP levels were measured in 20 patients with intracranial mass lesions and the appearance of ring-like contrast enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scans. In nine of these patients, the final diagnosis was abscess, based on either biopsy of the mass (eight patients) or the clinical course (one patient). In seven of the nine patients, there was a significant increase in CRP levels in two consecutive measurements. In particular, patients with cerebritis who were examined early in the course of the disease and who showed nonspecific CT scans exhibited extremely high levels of CRP. Two patients had no measurable CRP activity although they both had brain abscesses. In 12 patients harboring either gliomas or metastatic intracerebral tumors, CRP levels were significantly lower than those found in patients with brain abscesses but were nevertheless higher compared to those of a group of patients with benign tumors. It is concluded, therefore, that the measurement of CRP can have some value in the differential diagnosis between brain abscess and brain tumor. The measurement technique is inexpensive and is available in the clinical laboratories of most hospitals with a neurosurgical department.

Usefulness of Osmolar Excretion Rate in the Diagnosis of Fluids and Electrolytes Overlap Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ignacio Aranalde
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Overlap Syndromes

Clinical practice related to electrolytes and acid-base disorders is commonly approached as a single entity. Overlap syndromes are an uncommon clinical condition that must be considered as part of differential diagnosis when a patient is assessed. The coexistence of electrolytic disorders could make it difficult to interpret certain variables due to the influence of such disorders on the same variable, even in the opposite way. In this context, there are some tools that are very useful in order to establish the correct diagnosis. Thus, osmole excretion rate, tonicity balance, and estimation of electrolyte-free water balance should be considered along with other biochemical variables in order to increase the possibility to make a correct interpretation.

Personal medical information cards

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prolonged Therapy ◽  
Unconscious Patient ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Accident Surgery ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Continuity of medical care was once relatively simple and mattered less when therapies were not so specific and incisive. Today a patient on prolonged therapy could be exposed to a considerable number of potentially dangerous interactions should any physician, surgeon or anaesthetist alter the treatment when ignorant of the previous therapy. This is a particular hazard during holidays, dental treatment and accident surgery. The differential diagnosis of an unconscious patient in the hospital accident department is made more difficult by a lack of knowledge about his previous history and therapy. In the absence of authentic information mistakes are difficult to avoid.

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematomas: A New Proposal about the Usefulness and Limits of Surgical Treatment

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Volpin ◽  
Patrizio Cervellini ◽  
Federico Colombo ◽  
Mariano Zanusso ◽  
Antonio Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Hematoma Volume ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Many

Abstract We analyzed the volume of 132 spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematomas calculated with computed tomographic (CT) scans and related it to the clinical condition of the patients on admission and to the outcome at their discharge from the hospital (1 to 3 months after the ictus). Fifty patients were operated on, and 82 received only medical treatment. In evaluating outcome, we were more interested in survival than its quality. The main problem is the evaluation and treatment of the many patients who are comatose upon admission (about half of the patients). We concluded that surgical treatment by evacuation of the hematoma increases the percentage of survival of comatose patients with a hematoma volume between 26 and 85 ml.

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