Extremity Exposure with 99mTc - labelled Radiopharmaceuticals in Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mpumelelo Nyathi ◽  
Thabiso Maria Moeng ◽  
DPA Maboe
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Measurement Period

Background: Extremity exposures may raise the risk of cancer induction among radiographers involved in preparation and administration of technetium-99m labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Objective: To estimate finger doses on radiographers at a South African tertiary hospital. Methods: Adhesive tape was used to securely fix a calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) on fingertips and bases of ring and index fingers of both hands of five radiographers who prepared and administered technetium-99m labelled radiopharmaceuticals. Rubber gloves were worn to avoid TLD contamination. TLDs doses were read with a Harsaw TLD Reader (Model 3500) after a week. Results: Five radiographers prepared and administered technitium-99m labelled radiopharmaceuticals (activity range; 78.20 GBq - 132.78 GBq during one-week measurement period). A radiographer handling 132.78 GBq received 4.74±0.52 mSv on both hands; 5.52, 4.55, 5.11 and 4.60 mSv on the fingertip of the index finger of the dominant hand (FIDH), fingertip of the ring finger of the dominant hand (FRDH), fingertip of the index finger of the non-dominant hand (FINDH) and fingertip of the ring finger of the non-dominant hand (FRNDH) respectively. The respective doses received on the finger bases were 4.50 mSv, 4.60, 4.21 and 3.48 mSv. The radiographer handling 78.20 GBq received 0.85±0.18 mSv on both hands, 1.04, 1.17, 0.77 and 1 mSv for the FIDH, FRDH, FINDH and FRNDH respectively while respective doses for the bases were 0.8, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.8 mSv. Conclusion: The extremity exposures were below the annual limit (500 mSv). However, the use of syringe shields could still reduce the finger doses further.

Surgeon and patient radiation exposure in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Bindal ◽  
Sharon Glaze ◽  
Meghann Ognoskie ◽  
Van Tunner ◽  
Robert Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

Object Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is an increasingly popular procedure. The technique involves use of fluoroscopy to assist with pedicle screw (PS) placement. The potential exists for both the surgeon and the patient to become exposed to significant amounts of radiation. The authors undertook this study to quantify the radiation dose to the surgeon and patient during minimally invasive TLIF. Methods The authors undertook a prospective study of 24 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive TLIF. All surgeries were performed by the senior author (R.K.B.), who used techniques previously described. The surgeon wore a radiation monitor under an apron-style lead shield at waist level, at an unshielded collar location, and as a sterile ring badge containing a thermoluminescent dosimeter on the dominant (right) hand ring finger. Dosimeter readings were obtained for each case. A total of 33 spinal levels were treated in 24 patients. All treated levels were between L3–4 and L5–S1. In all cases of 1-level disease, 4 PSs were placed, and in all cases of 2-level disease, 6 screws were placed. Results . Mean fluoroscopy time was 1.69 minutes per case (range 3.73–0.82 minutes). Mean exposure per case to the surgeon on his dominant hand was 76 mRem, at the waist under a lead apron was 27 mRem, and at an unprotected thyroid level was 32 mRem. Mean exposure to the patient's skin was 59.5 mGy (range 8.3–252 mGy) in the posteroanterior plane and 78.8 mGy (range 6.3–269.5 mGy) in the lateral plane. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study of radiation exposure to the surgeon or patient in minimally invasive TLIF. Patient exposures were low and compare favorably with exposures involving other common interventional fluoroscopically guided procedures. Surgeon exposures are limited but require careful monitoring. Annual dose limits could be exceeded if a large number of these and other fluoroscopically guided procedures were performed.

scholarly journals Influence of visual feedback, hand dominance and sex on individuated finger movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Johansson ◽  
Helena Grip ◽  
Louise Rönnqvist ◽  
Jonas Selling ◽  
Carl-Johan Boraxbekk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Visual Monitoring ◽  
Vision Condition ◽  
Flexion Extension

AbstractThe ability to perform individual finger movements, highly important in daily activities, involves visual monitoring and proprioception. We investigated the influence of vision on the spatial and temporal control of independent finger movements, for the dominant and non-dominant hand and in relation to sex. Twenty-six healthy middle-aged to old adults (M age = 61 years; range 46–79 years; females n = 13) participated. Participants performed cyclic flexion–extension movements at the metacarpophalangeal joint of one finger at a time while keeping the other fingers as still as possible. Movements were recorded using 3D optoelectronic motion technique (120 Hz). The movement trajectory distance; speed peaks (movement smoothness); Individuation Index (II; the degree a finger can move in isolation from the other fingers) and Stationarity Index (SI; how still a finger remains while the other fingers move) were extracted. The main findings were: (1) vision only improved the II and SI marginally; (2) longer trajectories were evident in the no-vision condition for the fingers of the dominant hand in the female group; (3) longer trajectories were specifically evident for the middle and ring fingers within the female group; (4) females had marginally higher II and SI compared with males; and (5) females had fewer speed peaks than males, particularly for the ring finger. Our results suggest that visual monitoring of finger movements marginally improves performance of our non-manipulative finger movement task. A consistent finding was that females showed greater independent finger control compared with males.

scholarly journals Late childhood and adolescence growth sensitivity to political transition: the case of South African Cape coloured schoolchildren during and post-apartheid

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelief G.B.C. Bertens ◽  
Stanley Ulijaszek ◽  
Sławomir Kozieł ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract South Africa underwent major social and economic change between 1987 and 1995. The release of Nelson Mandela in February 1990 proclaimed an end to the political system of apartheid, and the first freely elected non-White government in 1994 instigated social and economic reforms aimed at alleviating the consequences of apartheid. This paper aims to examine the impact of these socio-economic and political changes on height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in childhood and late adolescence. An analysis was carried out of longitudinal data of 258 urban and rural South African Cape Coloured schoolchildren (6-18 years old) across the transitional periods from apartheid between 1987 and 1990, to this transition between 1991 and 1993, and finally to post-apartheid between 1994 and 1995. The anthropometric measures were standardized into age independent Z-scores. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were conducted to examine the growth in height, weight and BMI across these periods. The results show a significant main effect of measurement periods on height, weight and BMI Z-scores. Across time, the subjects increased in overall size, height, weight and BMI. For all the anthropometric measures there was a significant interaction effect between measurement period and sex, but none between measurement period and SES. The average increase in height, weight and BMI across time differed significantly for girls and boys, the average z-scores being greater in girls than in boys. For boys, there was little difference in height, weight and BMI Z-scores according to SES, and little increase across periods. Girls were generally taller, heavier with greater BMI than boys, and their scores increased across the time periods. High SES girls were taller, heavier and had higher BMI than low SES girls. Across the measurement periods, BMI and weight somewhat converged between the high and low SES girls. In the discussion these differences reflecting social sex distinctions are addressed.

Metacarpals and manual phalanges

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-143
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Kivell ◽  
Kelly R. Ostrofsky ◽  
Brian G. Richmond ◽  
Michelle S.M. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
South African ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Australopithecus Africanus ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors ◽  
Fossil Hominin

This chapter presents description and analysis of the metacarpals and manual phalanges from Sterkfontein. Although the morphology is generally similar across the sample where there are duplicates of the same element, there are differences in size that are quite remarkable within the context of all South African hominins. Some very large specimens suggest the presence of individuals at Sterkfontein with much larger hands, and presumably larger body size, at Sterkfontein than those of A. sediba MH2, H. naledi and the Swartkrans hominins. Australopithecus africanus had human-like proportions, but this may be plesiomorphic within the hominoid clade. The potentially less mobile trapezium-Mc1 joint, absence of a fully developed palmar pulp on the distal thumb, more limited pronation of the index finger, and potentially more wedge-shaped trapezoid inferred from the preserved external morphology, is consistent with lower manipulative loading of the thumb than is typical of later Homo. As for other forelimb elements, moderately curved manual phalanges suggests a greater reliance on forelimb-dominated locomotor behaviors and perhaps selection for more frequent use of an arboreal environment in A. africanus than is found in A. afarensis. Thus, within this broader context, the Sterkfontein fossil hominin remains are not unusual. The Sterkfontein hand fossils suggest an overall manipulative and locomotor loading regime that was more similar to that of other South African australopiths and distinct from that of later Homo, but more refined functional interpretations require additional fossil evidence, particularly from associated hand skeletons

scholarly journals Eating disorders and substance use at a South African tertiary hospital over a 21-year period

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelie Williams ◽  
Karis Moxley ◽  
Muiruri Macharia ◽  
Martin Kidd ◽  
Gerhard P. Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Tertiary Hospital

scholarly journals Is the Index Finger and Ring Finger Ratio (2D:4D) Reliable Predictor of Semen Quality?

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haepyoung Seo ◽  
Kyeon Young Kim ◽  
Joon Rho
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Reliable Predictor

An anatomic study of flexor tendon sheaths: a cadaveric study

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. FUSSEY ◽  
K. F. CHIN ◽  
N. GOGI ◽  
S. GELLA ◽  
S. C. DESHMUKH
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anatomic Study ◽  
Patterns Of Communication ◽  
Flexor Tendon Sheath ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Previous descriptions of the pattern of communication between the digital flexor tendon sheaths have been largely based on imaging studies. An anatomic study on 12 cadaveric hands was conducted using water soluble dye and directly observed patterns of communication between the digital flexor tendon sheaths and the radial and ulnar bursae. Four out of twelve specimens (33%) demonstrated a communication between the radial and ulnar bursae. The ulnar bursa communicated with the ring finger flexor sheath in two specimens, and the index finger flexor sheath in two specimens. One hand (8.3%) showed communication between the middle finger tendon sheath and radial bursa and between the index finger flexor tendon sheath and radial bursa. These findings show a considerable level of variation in communicating patterns between the synovial sheaths of the hand and wrist. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of variations to the classical presentation of spread of infection through the digital flexor sheaths.

scholarly journals Imaging strategy for South African children with their first proven UTI in a tertiary hospital setting

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
S. Andronikou ◽  
C. Welman ◽  
E. Kader ◽  
M. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valves ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Imaging Strategy ◽  
Benign Course

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common invasive childhood bacterial infection. While it has a benign course in most children, there is a risk that some will develop renal scarring, hypertension and chronic renal failure. There are no simple clinical means to identify those at risk and who would benefit from treatment and so all children with first proven UTI are subjected to imaging. Imaging is directed at detecting vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), obstruction from pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction or posterior urethral valves (PUV) and kidneys that are scarred or at a risk for scarring. Unfortunately, no single imaging method is able to detect all of the above. Also, the advantages and limitations of many of the imaging methods are not clearly appreciated. This article presents the uses, advantages and disadvantages of current imaging methods and outlines a strategy that attempts to limit the radiation dose and invasiveness of the procedure.

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