Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Aarti Gautam Dinker
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

scholarly journals 802.11p Profile Adaptive MAC Protocol for Non-Safety Messages on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Shamsul J Elias ◽  
M. Elshaikh ◽  
M. Yusof Darus ◽  
Jamaluddin Jasmis ◽  
Angela Amphawan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p>Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) play a vital Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) correspondence frameworks where vehicle are convey by communicating and conveying data transmitted among each other. Because of both high versatility and high unique network topology, congestion control should be executed distributedly. Optimizing the congestion control in term of delay rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput could limit the activity of data packet transmissions. These have not been examined altogether so far – but rather this characteristic will be fundamental for VANET system execution and network system performance. This paper exhibits a novel strategy for congestion control and data transmission through Service Control Channel (SCH) in VANET. The Taguchi strategy has been connected in getting the optimize value of parameter for congstion control in highway environment. This idea lessens the pointless activity of data transmission and decreases the likelihood of congested in traffic in view of execution for measuring the delay rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput. The proposed execution performance is estimated with the typical VANET environment in V2I topology in highway driving conditions and the simulation results demonstrate and enhance network execution performance with effective data transmission capacity.</p>

Research of Improvement of GPSR Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Nan Zhu ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Considering the shortcoming of the traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks ,this paper focuses on an improved GPSR protocol based on the density of vehicle flow .This new scheme includes macro-directing algorithm , micro-forwarding strategy and the maintenance of the neighbor list.The simulation result shows that compared with the traditional GPSR protocol, the new GPSR protocol improves data packet delivery ratio, but its average end-to-end delay is slightly larger than before.

Middle-Order Vehicle-Based Clustering Model for Reducing Packet Loss in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050180
Author(s):  
S. David ◽  
P. T. Vanathi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) are typically termed as a wireless ad-hoc network that contains extreme node mobility and also the network carries a great significance in various traffic-oriented commercial applications and safety services. Due to its high mobility, routing in VANET has been a challenging work and also proving a higher rate of packet delivery ratio with reduced packet loss has been more important to be considered in route formations. With that note, this paper contributes to developing a clustering model called Middle-Order Vehicle-based Clustering (MOVC) model for managing the frequent topological change and high vehicle mobility, and efficiently handling the typical road traffic scenario. Moreover, the algorithm is intended to maintain the cluster to be constant for managing the vehicles in effective ways and also to provide uninterrupted communication between the vehicles. An algorithm for Effective Cluster Head Election (ECHE) is also derived in this paper for proficiently handling the frequency variation on the highways. Further, the model is simulated and evaluated on the basis of various metrics of VANET routing, specifically packet loss, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime and throughput. The results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the results of existing models.

scholarly journals A Bipolar Traffic Density Awareness Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chunhu Li ◽  
Li-Der Chou ◽  
Li-Ming Tseng ◽  
Yi-Ming Chen ◽  
Kai-Wei Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

To support an increasing amount of various new applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), routing protocol design has become an important research challenge. In this paper, we propose a Bipolar Traffic Density Awareness Routing (BTDAR) protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. The BTDAR aims at providing reliable and efficient packets delivery for dense and sparse vehicle traffic network environments. Two distinct routing protocols are designed to find an optimal packet delivery path in varied vehicular networks. In dense networks, a link-stability based routing protocol is designed to take vehicles connectivity into consideration in its path selection policy and maximize the stability of intervehicle communications. In sparse networks, a min-delay based routing protocol is proposed to select an optimal route by analyzing intermittent vehicle connectivity and minimize packets delivery latency. Intervehicles connectivity model is analyzed. The performance of BTDAR is examined by comparisons with three distinct VANET routing protocols. Simulation results show that the BTDAR outperforms compared counterpart routing protocols in terms of packet delivery delay and packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Novel Protocols for Improving the Performance of ODMRP and EODMRP over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Darabkh ◽  
Ola A. Alsukour
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Due to its simplicity, efficiency, and robustness to mobility, the On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) becomes a standout amongst the most broadly utilized multicast routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, the robustness of ODMRP comes at the expense of incurring a high control overhead to the network. The Enhanced ODMRP (EODMRP) proposed a dynamic refresh interval for the multicast mesh based on the network feedback on real disconnections experienced by the multicast network members. Veritably, EODMRP decreased the network control overhead at the cost of obtaining a low packet delivery ratio especially in high mobility conditions of the network. In this paper, two protocols, as improvements to both ODMRP and EODMRP, are proposed where the refresh interval is basically adapted based on the source moving speed and the number of disconnections reported by multicast members. Furthermore, we proposed an impressive local recovery to be employed in both protocols, which includes new setup and failure mechanisms that contribute effectively to boosting the performance of our proposed protocols. Since the majority of nodes in MANET rely on batteries, the main contribution of this research is to limit the amount of control information that is passed between nodes (i.e., reducing the control overhead over that in ODMRP) while maintaining a better packet delivery ratio than EODMRP.

FSR Evaluation Using the Suboptimal Operational Values

2009 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Osama H.S. Khader
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, routing protocols are becoming more complicated and problematic. Routing in mobile ad hoc networks is multi-hop because of the limited communication range of wireless radios. Since nodes in the network can move freely and randomly, an efficient routing protocol is needed in order for such networks to be able to perform well in such an environment. In this environment the routing strategy is applied such that it is flexible enough to handle large populations and mobility and be able to minimize the use of the battery. Also it should be designed to achieve maximum packet delivery ratio. Further more, the routing protocol must perform well in terms of fast convergence, low routing delay, and low control overhead traffic. In this paper an improved implementation of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocols is presented, where a new selection routing criteria that utilizes a minimum number of hops is a selection metric. The results obtained from simulation indicate that the fewer number of hops used the better and more efficient the output for packet delivery ratio was generated.

Packet Delivery Ratio in k-Dimensional Broadcast Ad Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
Xiaoyan Yin ◽  
Gregory Butron ◽  
Caleb Penney ◽  
Kishor S. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

scholarly journals Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yelena Trofimova ◽  
Pavel Tvrdík
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, it influences the routing choice from outside by delaying the route request messages of untrusted nodes. The performance of the method was evaluated on the use case of sensor nodes sending data to a sink node. The experiments showed that the method improves the packet delivery ratio in the network by about 70%. Performance analysis of the TARA method provided recommendations for its application in a particular ad hoc network.

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