Laser Cladding: Process Parameter, Characterization and Defect Analysis – Review and Future Trends

The formation process of surface coatings fabricated with laser cladding is very complicated and coating quality is closely related to laser cladding process parameters. Generally, the optimization and control of process parameters play key roles when preparing high-quality ceramic coating. In this paper, three reasonable parameters were selected for each process parameter based on the preliminary experiment. The experiment of Ti(C, N) ceramic coating prepared with laser cladding was designed via the Taguchi method. The laser power, spot diameter, overlapping ratio, and scanning velocity were selected as the main process parameters, and their effects on coating micro-hardness were analyzed using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, based on the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm, we created the prediction model of BPNN-QPSO neural network for laser cladding Ti(C, N) ceramic coating. The mapping of process parameters to the micro-hardness of the coating was obtained according to the model and we analyzed the influence of process parameters that interacted with the coating’s micro-hardness. The results showed that the interaction of laser cladding process parameters had a significant effect on the micro-hardness of the coating. The established BPNN-QPSO neural network model was able to map the relationship between laser cladding process parameters and coating micro-hardness. The process parameters optimized by this model had similar results with ANOVA. This research provides guidance for the selection and control of ceramic coating process parameters Ti(C, N) prepared via laser cladding.

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Analysis of laser cladding process parameter influence on the clad bead geometry

Welding in the World ◽

10.1007/s40194-017-0495-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 883-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dara Moazami Goodarzi ◽

Joonas Pekkarinen ◽

Antti Salminen

Keyword(s):

Laser Cladding ◽

Process Parameter ◽

Bead Geometry ◽

Laser Cladding Process ◽

Parameter Influence

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A phase-field model for simulation of the laser cladding process using a discontinuous viscosity variable and its approximation by finite element method

International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics ◽

10.2351/1.5060380 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron Naber ◽

Richard Martukanitz

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Laser Cladding ◽

Phase Field ◽

Field Model ◽

Phase Field Model ◽

Laser Cladding Process ◽

Element Method

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Analysis of coaxial vision systems for real-time Z-height control for laser cladding process

International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics ◽

10.2351/1.5062449 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Rezak Mezari ◽

Pascal Aubry ◽

Thierry Malot ◽

Kevin Verdier

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Laser Cladding ◽

Vision Systems ◽

Height Control ◽

Laser Cladding Process

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INCONEL® 625 WIRE LASER CLADDING: PROCESS PARAMETRIZATION TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY COATINGS FOR METALWORKING INDUSTRY

10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-2245 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Viviane Kettermann Fernandes ◽

Alexander Lauffs ◽

Adriano de Souza Pinto Pereira ◽

Jhonattan Gutjahr ◽

Milton Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Cladding ◽

High Quality ◽

Metalworking Industry ◽

Laser Cladding Process

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Characterization of the Structure, Mechanical Properties and Erosive Resistance of the Laser Cladded Inconel 625-Based Coatings Reinforced by TiC Particles

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2225

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kotarska ◽

Tomasz Poloczek ◽

Damian Janicki

Keyword(s):

Laser Cladding ◽

Inconel 625 ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Laser Cladding Process ◽

Composition Variation ◽

The Matrix ◽

Reinforcing Material ◽

Inconel 625 Superalloy

The article presents research in the field of laser cladding of metal-matrix composite (MMC) coatings. Nickel-based superalloys show attractive properties including high tensile strength, fatigue resistance, high-temperature corrosion resistance and toughness, which makes them widely used in the industry. Due to the insufficient wear resistance of nickel-based superalloys, many scientists are investigating the possibility of producing nickel-based superalloys matrix composites. For this study, the powder mixtures of Inconel 625 superalloy with 10, 20 and 40 vol.% of TiC particles were used to produce MMC coatings by laser cladding. The titanium carbides were chosen as reinforcing material due to high thermal stability and hardness. The multi-run coatings were tested using penetrant testing, macroscopic and microscopic observations, microhardness measurements and solid particle erosive test according to ASTM G76-04 standard. The TiC particles partially dissolved in the structure during the laser cladding process, which resulted in titanium and carbon enrichment of the matrix and the occurrence of precipitates formation in the structure. The process parameters and coatings chemical composition variation had an influence on coatings average hardness and erosion rates.

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Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ◽

10.3390/jmmp2030055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Piera Alvarez ◽

M. Montealegre ◽

Jose Pulido-Jiménez ◽

Jon Arrizubieta

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Laser Cladding ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Cross Sections ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Deposition Process ◽

Process Parameter ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Processing Times ◽

Manufacturing Technologies

Laser Cladding is one of the leading processes within Additive Manufacturing technologies, which has concentrated a considerable amount of effort on its development. In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes (solid forms) made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition. Process speed, applied laser power and powder flow are considered to be the main variables affecting the laser cladding in single clads, whereas overlap percentage and overlapping strategy also become relevant when dealing with multiple clads. By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible. Conventional metallography techniques were performed on the cross sections of the laser tracks to measure the effective dimensions of clads, height and width, as well as the resulting dilution value. Besides the influence of the overlap between contiguous clads and layers, physical defects such as porosity and cracks were also evaluated. Optimum process parameters to maximize productivity were defined as 13 mm/s, 2500 W, 30% of overlap and a 25 g/min powder feed rate.

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