Industrial Applications of Green Solvents - Volume II

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Solvents

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Extraction and Characterisation of Nutraceuticals from Olive Leaves

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Benincasa ◽  
Ilaria Santoro ◽  
Monica Nardi ◽  
Alfredo Cassano ◽  
Giovanni Sindona
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Extraction Power

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf, a waste by-product of the olive oil industry, is an inexpensive and abundant source of biophenols of great interest for various industrial applications in the food supplement, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the aqueous extraction of high-added value compounds from olive leaves by using microfiltered (MF), ultrapure (U), and osmosis-treated (O) water was investigated. The extraction of target compounds, including oleuropein (Olp), hydroxytyrosol (HyTyr), tyrosol (Tyr), verbascoside (Ver), lutein (Lut), and rutin (Rut), was significantly affected by the characteristics of the water used. Indeed, according to the results of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the extracting power of microfiltered water towards rutin resulted very poor, while a moderate extraction was observed for oleuropein, verbascoside, and lutein. On the other hand, high concentrations of hydroxytyrosol were detected in the aqueous extracts produced with microfiltered water. The extraction power of ultrapure and osmosis-treated water proved to be very similar for the bio-active compounds oleuropein, verbascoside, lutein, and rutin. The results clearly provide evidence of the possibility of devising new eco-friendly strategies based on the use of green solvents which can be applied to recover bioactive compounds from olive leaves.

scholarly journals Pyrrolidinium salt based binary and ternary deep eutectic solvents: green preparations and physiochemical property characterizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sheila N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Reaction Media

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered to be green solvents for various applications. However, their synthesis via chemical reaction with by-products or waste produced is contradictory to the concept of green chemistry, and the purity problem and economic feasibility limit their applications in some large-scale industrial applications. 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide ([bmpy][Br]), which is a molten salt with melting point above 100°C is a precursor of pyrrolidinium ILs, but hardly can be put under the category of IL because of its high melting point. In this study, [bmpy][Br] based binary deep eutectic solvent (BDES) and ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) were synthesized to prepare [bmpy][Br] in liquid form. During the preparation process, no reaction media was employed, no by-product was generated, and no further purification was required, thereby making it a completely green process. The prepared TDES has better thermal stability and larger free volume than BDES, which is potentially useful for sorption applications with high temperature requirement. It is also because of the green preparation process that the TDES is also expected to be capable for the large-scale industrial applications. This work is opening up new avenues for the study of binary and ternary IL-DES system and their applications.

scholarly journals Microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
Cong T. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Production ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ethyl Lactate ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Biosynthesis ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Green organic solvents such as lactate esters have broad industrial applications and favorable environmental profiles. Thus, manufacturing and use of these biodegradable solvents from renewable feedstocks help benefit the environment. However, to date, the direct microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters from fermentable sugars has not yet been demonstrated. Results In this study, we present a microbial conversion platform for direct biosynthesis of lactate esters from fermentable sugars. First, we designed a pyruvate-to-lactate ester module, consisting of a lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) to convert pyruvate to lactate, a propionate CoA-transferase (pct) to convert lactate to lactyl-CoA, and an alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) to condense lactyl-CoA and alcohol(s) to make lactate ester(s). By generating a library of five pyruvate-to-lactate ester modules with divergent AATs, we screened for the best module(s) capable of producing a wide range of linear, branched, and aromatic lactate esters with an external alcohol supply. By co-introducing a pyruvate-to-lactate ester module and an alcohol (i.e., ethanol, isobutanol) module into a modular Escherichia coli (chassis) cell, we demonstrated for the first time the microbial biosynthesis of ethyl and isobutyl lactate esters directly from glucose. In an attempt to enhance ethyl lactate production as a proof-of-study, we re-modularized the pathway into (1) the upstream module to generate the ethanol and lactate precursors and (2) the downstream module to generate lactyl-CoA and condense it with ethanol to produce the target ethyl lactate. By manipulating the metabolic fluxes of the upstream and downstream modules through plasmid copy numbers, promoters, ribosome binding sites, and environmental perturbation, we were able to probe and alleviate the metabolic bottlenecks by improving ethyl lactate production by 4.96-fold. We found that AAT is the most rate-limiting step in biosynthesis of lactate esters likely due to its low activity and specificity toward the non-natural substrate lactyl-CoA and alcohols. Conclusions We have successfully established the biosynthesis pathway of lactate esters from fermentable sugars and demonstrated for the first time the direct fermentative production of lactate esters from glucose using an E. coli modular cell. This study defines a cornerstone for the microbial production of lactate esters as green solvents from renewable resources with novel industrial applications.

scholarly journals Microbial Biosynthesis of Lactate Esters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
Cong T. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Production ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ethyl Lactate ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Biosynthesis ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBackgroundGreen organic solvents such as lactate esters have broad industrial applications and favorable environmental profiles. Thus, manufacturing and use of these biodegradable solvents from renewable feedstocks help benefit the environment. However, to date, the direct microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters from fermentable sugars has not yet been demonstrated.ResultsIn this study, we present a microbial conversion platform for direct biosynthesis of lactate esters from fermentable sugars. First, we designed a pyruvate-to-lactate ester module, consisting of a lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) to convert pyruvate to lactate, a propionate CoA-transferase (pct) to convert lactate to lactyl-CoA, and an alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) to condense lactyl-CoA and alcohol(s) to make lactate ester(s). By generating a library of five pyruvate-to-lactate ester modules with divergent AATs, we screened for the best module(s) capable of producing a wide range of linear, branched, and aromatic lactate esters with an external alcohol supply. By co-introducing a pyruvate-to-lactate ester module and an alcohol (i.e., ethanol, isobutanol) module into a modularEscherichia coli(chassis) cell, we demonstrated for the first time the microbial biosynthesis of ethyl and isobutyl lactate esters directly from glucose. In an attempt to enhance ethyl lactate production as a proof-of-study, we re-modularized the pathway into 1) the upstream module to generate the ethanol and lactate precursors and 2) the downstream module to generate lactyl-CoA and condense it with ethanol to produce the target ethyl lactate. By manipulating the metabolic fluxes of the upstream and downstream modules through plasmid copy numbers, promoters, ribosome binding sites, and environmental perturbation, we were able to probe and alleviate the metabolic bottlenecks by improving ethyl lactate production by 4.96-fold. We found that AAT is the most rate limiting step in biosynthesis of lactate esters likely due to its low activity and specificity towards the non-natural substrate lactyl-CoA and alcohols.ConclusionsWe have successfully established the biosynthesis pathway of lactate esters from fermentable sugars and demonstrated for the first time the direct fermentative production of lactate esters from glucose using anE. colimodular cell. This study defines a cornerstone for the microbial production of lactate esters as green solvents from renewable resources with novel industrial applications.

scholarly journals Non-aqueous green solvents improve alpha-amylase induced fiber opening in leather processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Ramamoorthi ◽  
Aravindhan Rathinam ◽  
Raghava Rao Jonnalagadda ◽  
Thanikaivelan Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200 ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Histological Images

AbstractSevere water deficit and highly polluting effluent generation from leather industries have constantly been pressurizing the tanners to adopt cleaner leather processing systems. The present study aims to minimize the use of water by substituting it with non-aqueous green solvents and also to enhance the enzyme action in alpha-amylase based fiber opening process. The activity of alpha-amylase in select non-aqueous green solvents namely, heptane, polyethylene glycol 200 and propylene glycol is considerably higher by 62, 38 and 31% than in water, respectively. Comparable results are obtained for the catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase and hence it is further validated in collagen fiber opening trials as well. Scanning electron micrographs, histological images and proteoglycan estimation supported the above findings at 1% alpha-amylase dosage. The final quality of the experimental leathers in terms of physical and bulk properties is comparable to that of control leathers. Recycling studies indicate that it is possible to replace water with green solvents for enzymatic fiber opening with the feasibility to recover more than 85% solvent-enzyme mixture and reuse without any additional alpha-amylase usage. Reduction in pollution load coupled with the efficient catalytic action of enzyme in non-aqueous media favors the present protocol for industrial applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document