scholarly journals Comparison of Adsorption Models for Determining Potassium Behavior in of Some Selected Soil Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Nabeel Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
N Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Characteristics

Potassium (K) availability to plants varies with the adsorption characteristics of soil, to evaluate the adsorption capacity, five soil series of different characteristics were used. K adsorption isotherms were performed by equilibrating 2.5 g soil samples with 10 levels of K (30-300 mg kg-1) as KCl in 0.01 CaCl2 solutions and shaken for 24 h at 25oC. The amount of K adsorbed ranged from 33.2 to 94.9% of added K. Freundlich model explained K adsorption behavior better than the other two equations. Higher coefficient of regression values 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96 were recorded in Sultanpur (Silt loam), Naivela (Fine sandy loam) and Bhutesar (Clay loam), respectively. The highest 1/n value 1.54 kg mg-1 and kf value 31.47 mg kg-1 of Freundlich isotherm were observed in Sultanpur (silt loam) due to high pH, high OM and high clay contents, lowest values of constants were observed in Wajan (loamy sand) with 1/n value 0.44 kg mg-1 and kf value 0.28 mg kg-1 might be due to high EC, high CaCO3 and sand contents. The K adsorption of soil varied with physico – chemical characteristics of soil, especially clay content, alkaline pH and organic matter content.

Mobility of Dicamba, Picloram and 2,4-D in Soil Columns

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
General Order ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Acid Herbicides

The movement of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was studied in five Canadian prairie soils using soil columns. The three acid herbicides showed the following general order of decreasing mobility in the five soils: Asquith sandy loam > Indian Head loam > Regina heavy clay > Weyburn Oxbow loam > Melfort loam, thus indicating an inverse relationship between adsorption and mobility. In general, the distribution coefficients (kd) were comparable to the corresponding Freundlich constants (k) and these were significantly related to the soil organic matter content, to a lesser extent to soil pH, and not correlated with soil clay content. The maximum concentrations of all three herbicides in the column effluents were well below their respective water solubilities and were inversely related to the distribution coefficients. The calculated values for the amounts of precipitation required to leach the three herbicides to a depth of 10 cm showed the following order of mobility: dicamba > picloram > 2,4-D.

The influence of surfactant and organic matter content on wetting pattern of different non-water repellent soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chaichi ◽  
Marcus Turcios ◽  
Mina Rostamza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Non-ionic surfactants have been well researched as a tool to ameliorate water repellent conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of non-ionic surfactant applications in wettable soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a surfactant in modifying the wetting pattern in soils of different textures and organic matter contents. The experimental treatments consisted of (1) four different soil textures including sandy, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam, (2) four different organic matter contents (0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% by weight), and (3) irrigation water treatments with or without surfactant (IrrigAid Gold). The experiment was carried out in Plexiglas boxes with one drip emitter under the soil surface. The results demonstrated the superiority of surfactant application on increasing water distribution in the soil profile for all soil textural classes. Silt loam texture had the highest side wetted area and wetting depth 45min after the initiation of irrigation. Upward capillary water movement and top wetted area significantly decreased in the surfactant treatment across all soil textures except in sandy soil. As organic matter content increased, top wetted area decreased. These findings clarified the potential ability of surfactant in increasing water infiltration in non-repellent soil in an in vitro system.

COBALT STATUS IN QUEBEC SOILS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Rana ◽  
G. J. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Cobalt Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Soils

Studies on thirty mineral soil series and five organic soils from the broad cultivated areas of Quebec indicated that total cobalt, extracted with 70% perchloric acid digestion, ranged from 1.1 to 21.6 ppm and 2.5% acetic acid-extractable cobalt from 0.3 to 0.83 ppm. Extractable cobalt in the surface soils was significantly correlated with total cobalt, which in turn was highly dependent on the clay content of the soil. The soil pH or the organic matter content did not seem to have any influence on the cobalt content in the cultivated soils. Light-textured and podzolized soils are likely to be low m cobalt, while soils with richer clay content are higher. Organic soils, in general, were found to be lower in cobalt content than mineral soils. Nineteen out of the thirty mineral soils studied and all the organic soils contained less than 0.25 ppm of extractable cobalt and may be considered as critical or deficient because forage grown on such soils is likely to cause cobalt deficiency in livestock.

scholarly journals Picloram groundwater contamination from pasture use

1969 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Lii-chyuan Liu ◽  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carmen L. Cacho
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Heavy Soil

The adsorption of picloram was studied in 28 pasture soils under laboratory conditions. The adsorptive capacities of these soils were expressed in terms of the empirical constants, K and 1/n of the Freundlich equation. The calculated K values ranged from 0.269 to 1.842 for Espinosa sandy loam and Bajura clay, respectively. The 1/n values ranged from 0.27 to 1.68 for Carrizales sandy loam and Mabí clay, respectively. The K values were negatively correlated with sand content of these pasture soils, and positively correlated with organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, clay content and silt content of the soils. In a field study on picloram groundwater contamination from pasture use, picloram at 2.47 L/ha was applied twice to two pasture plots (Mabí ciay loam). Water samples were collected weekly from two wells adjacent to these pasture plots for three months after each herbicide application. All water samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. No detectable level of picloram concentration was found in any of the water samples collected after the first herbicide application. However, a very low level of picloram (2 µg/L) was detected in one of the wells 10 weeks after the second herbicide application. This finding suggests that there is little possibility that picloram will contaminate groundwater in a heavy soil such as Mabí clay loam.

Fluometuron Adsorption-Desorption Equilibria in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Savage ◽  
R. D. Wauchope
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorbed State ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The adsorption-desorption equilibria of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] were studied; a slurry technique with soil at 0-bar moisture tension was used. The equilibria established with Bosket very fine sandy loam (VFSL) were evaluated by three equations. The equation best describing the adsorption isotherm was x/m = K1Ce+ K2Ce2. Successive equilibrations resulted in a shift in the equilibria toward the adsorbed state, most likeiy due to a physical change in the adsorption capacity of the soil with repeated agitation. Desorption studies with seven additional soils indicated the importance of soil organic matter content in the adsorption-desorption equilibria of fluometuron. The relationship between soil organic matter contents and the adsorption-desorption equilibrium constants was characterized by a highly significant linear correlation (r = 0.93) and the resulting regression equation: K1= 0.46 + 0.45(O.M.%). Clay content of these soils was not significantly correlated with fluometuron equilibrium constants.

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential method for routine sediment analysis to improve rapidity and efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Malley
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Sediment Analysis

The potential for improvement in the rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of sediment analysis by the application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is recognized. The rapid (<2 min), non-chemical, non-destructive analytical technique of near-infrared (700–2500 nm) spectroscopy combines applied spectroscopy and complex statistics. It has been used for the experimental analysis of various constituents and functions of soils since the 1960s, and applications for the analysis of sediments are currently being explored. For application of NIRS, sediment samples require little preparation, other than drying, and the samples are not subject to the manipulations of conventional analytical techniques. The spectral information recorded in a 2 min scan can be used to predict numerous constituents and parameters on the samples once appropriate calibration equations have been prepared from sets of samples analyzed by both NIRS and conventional analytical techniques. Constituents and properties of soil and/or sediment analyzed by NIRS technology include moisture, organic matter content, organic C, CO3=, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, clay content, humic acids, lignin, cellulose, metal oxides, heavy metals, aggregate size, and inferred past pH of lakes. Several areas are identified where further research is needed to prepare for the application of NIRS to the routine analysis of sediments.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals A small rainfall simulator for the determination of soil erodibility.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamphorst
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Highly Sensitive

A small rainfall simulator is described, which can be used in the field as well as in the laboratory for the determination of infiltration and erosion characterisitcs of soils. It is particularly suitable for soil conservation surveys, as it is light to carry and easy to handle in the field. A description is given of a standard procedure for the determination of topsoil erodibilities in the field and some results are presented. The method appears to be highly sensitive to soil properties influencing soil erodibility, such as clay content, organic matter content and soil pH. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Comparative value of various methods of approximating the permanent wilting percentage

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Accurate Approximation ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Humid Region

Very accurate estimations of the permanent wilting percentage can be obtained for soils of all regions of Puerto Rico by use of regression equations based on the hygroscopic coefficient. Reliable estimates can also be obtained for humid-region soils by using the clay content as a basis. Attempts to correlate permanent wilting-percentage values with moisture equivalents and organic-matter content did not give such satisfactory results. The 15-atmosphere percentage as determined by using pressure plates gives an accurate approximation of permanent wilting-percentage values. It is time-saving, but initial expense in laboratory equipment is rather high. This approach is to be preferred whenever feasible. A regression equation is given relating pressure-plate values to the permanent wilting percentage. Whenever less precise estimates are acceptable and time is not a factor, advantage should be taken of the established correlation between the hygroscopic coefficient and the permanent wilting percentage.

scholarly journals Soft-Bottom macrobenthic communities of the Vitória Bay estuarine system, South-eastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosebel C. Nalesso ◽  
Jean-Christophe Joyeux ◽  
Cintia O. Quintana ◽  
Evelise Torezani ◽  
Ana Clara Paz Otegui
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Physico Chemical

The present work describes and analyses the structure of the macrobenthic epi- and infaunal assemblage of the estuarine system of Vitória Bay, South-eastern Brazil, from January 1998 to June 1999. Replicated sampling at intertidal and subtidal levels was conducted quarterly at ten stations. Intertidal and subtidal sediment composition was characterised. Water physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ. A total of 10,695 individuals, belonging to 144 taxa, were collected. Molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes were the most abundant groups. The bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana, Mytella guyanensis and M. falcata were the most abundant species. Locally, significant discharges of residential and industrial wastewater resulted in high organic content in the sediment (up to 30%) and low dissolved oxygen concentration in the water (< 1mg.l-1). Near the two entrances of the bay, high hydrodynamic activity and coarse sand reduced the detrimental effects of raw and treated sewage inputs. Species richness (S), diversity (H') and total abundance (A) decreased from outer-bay stations (22 < S < 72; 1.99 < H' < 2.85; 320 < A < 1737) towards inner-bay stations (2 < S < 45; 0.59 < H' < 2.67; 2 < A < 1317), where salinity and dissolved oxygen were lowest and organic matter content highest.

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