Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Adsorption Capacity and Regeneration / Desorption of Sulphate and Phosphate Ions Using Smart Hydrogel.

Co-polymeric hydrogels containing poly (Acrylamide /Epichlorohydrine) P(AAm/EPI) with different acrylamide and Epichlorohydrine content were fabricated by gamma radiation at different irradiation doses as adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment. The mechanisms of radiation-induced crosslinking of hydrogel in aqueous solution has been evaluated. The gel contents and the swelling/diffusion kinetic parameters were evaluated at different irradiation doses, and the result confirm a non-fichian mechanism. The shape, surface morphology, and porosity of P (AAm/ Epi) hydrogel were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of sulphate and phosphate ions from wastewater using P(AAm/EPI) hydrogels as adsorbent materials. The isotherm data were analyzed by Freundlich equation. The equilibrium isotherm results show a better fitting (R2 > 0.9) to the Freundlich model for all anions. The calculated regeneration efficiency (%) values of sulphate and phosphate ions found to be ranged between 63.2 (%) and 46 (%).The relatively higher regeneration efficiency (%) and keeping the hydrogels its shape without any deformation promising to use the same hydrogels further times which decrease the economic cost.

Reducing Peroxide Value In Used Cooking Oil Using Ampo As An Adsorbent

Cooking oil can only be used two or three times, more than that the oil is deemed unsuitable and can harm our health. The reason is, every time the cooking oil is used for frying, an oxidation reaction that is triggered by heat occured and causes the chemical chain bonds in cooking oil become unstable and forms hydroperoxides. The hydroperoxide found in used cooking oil increases the peroxide value. In which, the suitability of cooking oil is based on the peroxide value. In order to reduce the peroxide value in used cooking oil, in this study, Ampo is used as an adsorbent to adsorb the peroxide compound. The procedure used in this study includes a preliminary analysis of the used cooking oil to determine the initial peroxide value. After that, the Ampo adsorbent is activated with 1N Citric Acid to open the pores on the surface of the Ampo. Activated Ampo will then be mixed into 200 ml of used cooking oil with a magnetic stirrer with a stirring speed of 300 rpm and with a temperature of 50oC. The adsorption process was carried out by varying the mass variables of Ampo into 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90 grams, and stirring time of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. After the adsorption process is completed, the cooking oil that has been filtered by the Ampo adsorbent will be analyzed to get the final peroxide value. By knowing the peroxide value before and after the adsorption process, the adsorption isotherm can be calculated. The adsorption process of used cooking oil with Ampo adsorbent proved to reduce the peroxide value, in which stirring times and adsorbent masses were the influential variables in the study. The best result was obtained with 60 minutes stirring time and mass of 75 grams. This condition provided a peroxide value of 0.99 meq/kg, which means that there was a decrease in the peroxide value by 93%. This result is in accordance with the provisions of SNI 3741-2013, with a maximum peroxide value of 10 meq/kg. The maximum adsorption capacity in this study was obtained from the Freundlich equation of 14.6487 mg/gram

Study on different parts of moringa oleifera for treating wastewater

In this study Moringa Oleífera (MO) leaves and pods are utilized for the treatment of Methylene Blue (MB) dye solution. The uptake of pollutants by MO leaves and pods are assessed by varying dosages from 0.01g to 0.1g with different agitation time of 5min to 30 min. From the observed results, the maximum removal (96%) occurs by adding MO leaves at 0.08g dosage at the time period of 15minutes. MO pods removes maximum of 45% at the dosage of 0.1g at 30 minutes. It is found that MO leaves are better in removing organic dye than MO pods. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X Ray (EDX) analysis are carried out to identify the morphological character and elemental composition of the MO leaves and pods. The result shows that the leaves contain more carbon content (33%) than pods (20.3%). Similarly the amount of oxygen is least in leaves thus enhancing the removal of dye particles. The SEM result indicates that the pore development is more in leaves than pods. Finally, Isotherm model was developed for pods and leaves; it is found that MO pods follow Freundlich equation whereas MO leaves follow Langmuir equation.

Synthesis, Characterization of P(CH/AA-co-AM) and Adsorptive Removal of Pb (II) ions from Aqueous Solution: Thermodynamic Study

Cross-linking Chitosan/Poly (Acryl amide-Acrylic acid) Hydrogel (P(CH/AA-co-AM)) synthesized via free radical polymerization of Acrylamide and acrylic acid as monomers after that addition chitosan, using MBA and KPS as initiator. The produced materials' structural, surface, and thermal properties were determined using the following techniques: FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and FE-SEM. This study is concerned with a significant application of surface chemistry in the fields of removing heavy metals. It deals with the adsorption-systems of Pb (II) on Cross-linking Chitosan / Poly (Acrylic acid-Acryl amide) Hydrogel at variable conditions of concentration and temp. The measured data are following the Freundlich equation and, according to the Giles classification, the adsorption isotherms are of type S3. As a temperature feature (10, 20, 25 and 30oC), adsorption was investigated. With increasing temperature (endothermic process), the extent of adsorption of Pb (II)on P(CH / AA-co-AM) was found for increase. They have also measured the essential thermodynamic functions.

ADSORBSI ZAT WARNA ALAMI BUAH MANGROVE JENIS RHIZOPHORA STYLOSA DAN KULIT KAYU TINGI KE DALAM KAIN DENGAN PENGUNCI TUNJUNG DAN TAWAS

<p>The textile industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, this is confirmed by data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) which shows that the production of the clothing industry has experienced a significant growth of 15.29 percent in 2019. The use of textile dyes will cause waste problems in the environment. So we need natural dyes as a safer and environmentally friendly alternative. The purpose of this study was to obtain data analysis and to determine the adsorption equilibrium value of the natural dye solution of mangrove <em>Rhizophora stylosa</em> and tingi bark with variations in the amount of dyeing in primisima cloth by comparing it with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and knowing the role of tunjung and alum in the process of fixing dyes into cloth. This study used a solid-liquid extraction method and then tested by spectrophotometry to obtain initial concentration data. Next, pour the dye that has been tested for its tannin content into a measuring cup and insert the cloth as a medium for mass transfer of tannins from liquid to solid. Samples were taken for each dyeing and tested for tannin content by spectrophotometry and the Ca value was obtained. Isotherm pattern testing. The adsorption test for the absorption process of tannins in natural dyes by cloth was carried out by calculating using the Langmuir and Freundlich equation. Furthermore, the cloth that has been dyed is fixed by tunjung and alum.The most suitable determination of the adsorption capacity of the cloth against natural dyes <em>Rhizopora stylosa</em> and tingi bark is by using the Freundlich adsorption equation compared to the Langmuir equation. This is evidenced by the error value of the Freundlich equation is smaller than the Langmuir equation by showing the value of R² which is close to number 1. The constant value of the Langmuir equation tingi bark for three times of dyeing obtained the b value is 0.2338 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00517 L/gr. For five of dyeing, the b value is 0.10817 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00421 L/gr. For the seven times of dyeing, the b value is 0.0670 mg/gr and the k value is 0.003899 L/gr. Whereas in the Freundlich equation for tingi bark for three times of dyeing, the n value is 0.4312 mg/g and the k value is 0.36374 x 10³ L/gr. For five of dyeing, the n value is 0.30114 mg/g and the k value is 0.99586 x 10⁵ L/g. For seven of dyeing, the n value is 0.2424 mg/g and the k value is 0.9354 x 10⁷ L/g. The constant value of the Langmuir <em>Rhizopora stylosa</em> equation for three times of dyeing, the b value is 0.15635 mg / gr and the k value is 0.005224 L/gr. For five of dyeing, the b value is 0.08141 mg/gr and the k value is 0.004415 L/gr. For the seven of dyeing, the b value is 0.04909 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00408 L/gr. Whereas in the Freundlich equation for <em>Rhizopora stylosa</em> for three times of dyeing, the n value is 0.3862 mg/g and the k value is 0.1090 x 10⁴ L/g. For five of dyeing, the n value is 0.2733 mg/g and the k value is 0.4355 x 10⁶ L/g. For seven of dyeing, the n value is 0.2126 mg/g and the k value is 0.1545 x 10⁹ L/g. It can be concluded that the more dyeing, the less the absorbency of the cloth on tannins. The color change of fixation the cloth in the dyeing of <em>Rhizopora stylosa</em> extract with tunjung is from brown to grayish brown, while with alum from brown to dark brown. The color change of fixation the cloth in the dyeing of tingi bark extract with alum is from brown to black, while with alum from brown to dark brown.</p>@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Garamond; panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2 0 0 159 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:.5pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.5pt; line-height:103%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Garamond",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond; color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:8.0pt; line-height:107%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

Obtaining and research of aluminosilicate sorbent

A technological scheme for the synthesis of an aluminosilicate sorbent in laboratory conditions using clay from the Semilukskoye deposit has been developed. When the sorbent sample is heated in the range of 30-225 ° C, a loss of free moisture occurs, in the temperature range of 405-550 ° C, bound water begins to evaporate and decomposition of organic substances occurs. The sorption of sodium sulfide by the sorbent surface has been studied. The constants ? and n are determined in the Freundlich equation A = 1.38 ? C1.19. Formed specific surface area S = 12.8 m2 / g. A comparative study of the acid-base properties of the surface of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent and diatomite Celite 545 60/80 MESH by the indicator method has been carried out. The adsorption on the acid-base centers of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent surface is higher than the adsorption on the diatomite surface. On the surface of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent, there are both acidic (pK = 1.7; 3.46) and basic (pK = 18.8; 9.2) Bronsted centers The pore volume of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent corresponds to 0.25 cm3 / g. This value is less than the pore volume of diatomite 1.86 cm3 / g.

Theoretical and experimental investigation of phosphate removal from seawater by multi-stage coagulation

Phosphate removal from seawater is important for biofouling control on RO membrane because phosphorous is one of nutrients for microbial growth. This paper is based on the hypothesis that multi-stage coagulation results in better phosphate removal. Therefore, comparison of phosphate removal of one-step and three-step dose coagulation from the aspect of both the theoretical calculation and experimental results is investigated in this paper. The result of theoretical calculation based on Freundlich equation shows that final phosphate concentration of three-step dose i.e. 0.43 μgP/L, is 10 times lower than that with one-step dose i.e. 4.47 μgP/L. The experimental result shows that for the three-step dose, final phosphate concentration is 1.0 μgP/L, which is lower than one-step dose (i.e 4.0 μgP/L), but not as low as the theoretical calculated value (0.43 μgP/L). This discrepancy between theoretical calculation and experimental result may be the impact of equilibrium phosphate concentration, different initial Fe:P molar and NOM competition between one-step dose and three-step dose coagulation. Although this discrepancy exists, experimental results still showed that multi-stage coagulation presented better phosphate removal in seawater to concentration levels that are lower than conventional coagulation. In other words, the problem of the high coagulant dosage in the pretreatment process while removing phosphate from seawater may be solved by application of multi-stage coagulation instead of conventional coagulation. HIGHLIGHT This paper is structured on one hypothesis in which multi-stage coagulation results in better phosphate removal. Therefore, comparison of phosphate removal of one-step and three-step dose coagulation from two aspects of theoretical calculation and experimental results is investigated in this paper.

Speciation and removal of selenium (IV, VI) from water and wastewaters based on dried activated sludge before determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In recent decades, large amount of pollutants enter to the environment due to development of technology. Therefore it is necessary to use ecofriendly sorbent to eliminate pollutants. In this research, an dried activated sludge (DAS) was used to decrease Se(IV) pollutant and the effect of operating parameters such as solution pH, the amount of biosorbent, contact time, temperature and initial concentration of selenium were studied. Kinetic data was adjusted to the Langmuir and Freundlich kinetic equations. It was resulted that the Freundlich equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9956 has the Best match to tetravalent selenium biosorption on DAS. The FT-IR results showed that the biosorption mechanism of selenium tetravalent metal ion on DAS is because of the existence of functional groups on the DAS surface can interact with Se(IV) ions. This study aims to investigate the biosorption capacity of the DAS for tetravalent selenium ions in aqueous solutions.

Weathered Sand of Basalt as a Potential Nickel Adsorbent

The natural mineral, weathered sand of basalt (WSB), was utilized to investigate whether nickel can be removed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to characterize WSB. The effects of various conditions, i.e., contact time, pH, WSB dosage, particle size of WSB, and temperature were analyzed. The experimental data were analyzed by two widely used equations, i.e., Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results obtained revealed that the WSB adsorption process was more consistent with the Langmuir model than the Freundlich equation. The kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model. The findings of the present study indicate that WSB could be used for removing nickel from aqueous solution. Moreover, its concentration can be reduced from 1.0 mg/L to ND (not detected, below the device limit <0.01 μg/L) under the optimal condition. Therefore, WSB is considered to be usable as one of the adsorbents for nickel removal in water. In addition, since heavy metals are often present in low concentrations in water, it is considered that WSB can be applied as one of the effective alternatives for removing low-concentration nickel.

Competitive Interaction of Phosphate with Selected Toxic Metals Ions in the Adsorption from Effluent of Sewage Sludge by Iron/Alginate Beads

Wastewater is characterized by a high content of phosphate and toxic metals. Many studies have confirmed the sorption affinity of alginate adsorbents for these ions. In this study, the adsorption of phosphate from effluent of sewage sludge on biodegradable alginate matrices cross-linked with Fe3+ ions (Fe_Alg) was investigated. Kinetics and adsorption isotherms were tested in laboratory conditions in deionized water (DW_P) and in the effluent (SW_P), and in the same solutions enriched in toxic metals ions—Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ (DW_PM and SW_PM). Batch experiments were performed by changing the concentration of phosphate at constant metal concentration. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data for both metals and phosphate. The Freundlich equation provided the best fit with the experimental results of phosphate adsorption from DW_P and DW_PM, while the adsorption from SD_P and SD_PM was better described by the Langmuir equation. For tested systems, the affinity of the Fe_Alg for metal ions was in the following decreasing order: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ in DW_PM, and Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ in SW_PM. The metals’ enrichment of the DW_P solution increased the affinity of Fe_Alg beads relating to phosphate, while the addition of the metals of the SW_P solution decreased this affinity.