scholarly journals Annualized Electricity Cost of Residential Solar PV System under Malaysia’s NEM Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafiz Razali ◽  
Md Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Dalila Mat Said ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Net energy metering (NEM) is a financial scheme that allows a consumer to generate, use and sell their excess energy to the grid. The main purpose of NEM is for self-consumption to reduce demand from the grid. It will allow customer to avoid being charged with expensive electricity tariff and hence reducing their monthly electricity bill. In other words, the annualized electricity cost could be reduced. NEM is commonly offered to residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Different PV size will determine the amount of energy that can be generated. This paper compares the annualized electricity cost of different residential customer types (large, medium and small) for different PV size under Malaysia’s net energy metering (NEM) scheme. This paper utilizes the load profile and solar irradiation data for Malaysia. The results show that high PV size does not guarantee reduction in annualized electricity cost especially for medium customers as the excess PV generation can only be accumulated for 24 months. Large customers may have benefited the most with lower annualized cost with larger PV system, while small customers may not have benefited at all.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study for Different Sizing of Solar PV System under Net Energy Metering Scheme at University Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
T. M. N. T. Mansur ◽  
N. H. Baharudin ◽  
R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
University Buildings ◽  
The University ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Malaysia has moved forward by promoting the use of renewable energy such as solar PV to the public to reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based energy resources. Due to the concern on high electricity bill, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is keen to install solar PV system as an initiative for energy saving program to its buildings. The objective of this paper is to technically and economically evaluate the different sizing of solar PV system for university buildings under the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. The study involves gathering of solar energy resource information, daily load profile of the buildings, sizing PV array together with grid-connected inverters and the simulation of the designed system using PVsyst software. Based on the results obtained, the amount of solar energy generated and used by the load per year is between 5.10% and 20.20% from the total annual load demand. Almost all solar energy generated from the system will be self-consumed by the loads. In terms of profit gained, the university could reduce its electricity bill approximately between a quarter to one million ringgit per annum depending on the sizing capacity. Beneficially, the university could contribute to the environmental conservation by avoiding up to 2,000 tons of CO2 emission per year.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Analysis of Net Energy Metering for Residential House

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. N. T. Mansur ◽  
N. H. Baharudin ◽  
R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Design System ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Renewable Energy Act (RE Act) has been gazetted by the Malaysian Government in 2011 to encourage energy generation from renewable resources. Under Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme, solar PV has gained popularity due to its high FiT rates. However, the FiT scheme for solar PV has expired in 2016 and been replaced by the Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. The objective of this research work is to technically and economically analyze the solar PV system for a residential house under NEM scheme. The methodology involves gathering solar energy resource information and daily residential load profile, sizing PV array together with grid-connected inverter and then lastly simulation of the design system by using PVsyst software. Based on the results obtained, the amount of energy generated is higher when the capacity of solar PV system is increased. While most of the energy generated is exported to the grid, only up to 25% of load demand is supplied by the solar PV system. From economic aspect, the residential house does not need to pay the electricity bill due to the self-consumed of energy generated and profit gained from excess energy exported to the grid. From the environmental aspect, 2,434 kWh energy generated from renewable resource annually and consumed by the residential load has replaced the fossil fuel based power from grid. This value is equivalent to almost 1.7 tons of CO2 avoidance to the environment.

scholarly journals Net energy metering scheme based on time of use pricing for residents in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafiz Bin Razali
Keyword(s):  
Net Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
Time Of Use Pricing ◽  
The One ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Net Energy Metering

The current Malaysia’s Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme has been updated in 2019 that credits excess generation into the next billing month at retail rate compare to at displaced cost. The new NEM may attract more installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) system among residential customers. However, it is discovered that customers with low monthly electricity consumptions are still not benefited since their electricity cost is lower than the PV generation cost. Implementing time-of-use (TOU) pricing on NEM scheme may overcome the problem as it based on hourly energy usage. This paper compares the annualized energy cost of residential PV system under different TOU prices and NEM scheme. The results show that an optimized TOU prices as suggested in this paper may give financial benefits to all residential customers with PV system, including the one with low monthly consumption.

scholarly journals Research Survey on Different MPP Tracking Optimization Algorithms for Solar Photovoltaic System (SPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2666-2671
Author(s):  
R. Mohan Kumar, Dr. C. Kathirvel
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Pv System

Due to increase in global warming, it is required to choose an alternative renewable energy source for the electricity generation. Among various renewable energy sources (RES), photo-voltaic energy is one of the most accessible source of energies. But the conversion rate of solar PV cell is about 25 % to 40 % of solar irradiation level. In Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system, to improve and maximize the operating efficiency level, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques were required. Because of the change in the level of solar irradiance, and the nature of dynamic temperature, this MPP tracking will be highly important to make the solar PV system (SPS) to operate at higher efficiency level. This MPPT method is mainly categorized into three different types such as direct method, indirect method and intelligent method. This paper will gives and overview about various MPPT methods employed for solar PV system. Various controlling algorithms were discussed in this section for a better understanding.

scholarly journals Revisiting Solar Photovoltaic Roadmap of Tropical Malaysia: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedzlin Zainuddin ◽  
Hazman Raziq Salikin ◽  
Sulaiman Shaari ◽  
Mohamad Zhafran Hussin ◽  
Ardin Manja
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
The Government ◽  
Net Energy Metering ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Environmental issues and economic factors such as emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), fossil fuel depletion and fluctuation of oil prices are also the reason behind the utilization of sunlight as a source of energy. Even though with the spread of unprecedented pandemic of COVID 19, the industry of solar photovoltaic (PV) is surviving at a very promising rate compared to the oil industry. Malaysia has a high potential to be successful at harnessing solar energy as this country is located within the equatorial region. The government of Malaysia (GoM) introduced various policies, acts and incentives programs for the purpose of increasing this country’s potential to harness solar energy. Along with the efforts, goals and aims have also been set as a benchmark to measure Malaysia’s success in utilizing sunlight as an energy source. This study reviews the roadmap programs executed by GoM to elucidate the significant roles played in the development of solar PV starting from a few pilot projects in1980s until present. The roadmap focuses on incentive programs namely Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Net Energy Metering (NEM), Self-Consumption Scheme (SELCO), Large Solar Scale (LSS), Supply Agreement with Renewable Energy (SARE) and ‘Peer-to-Peer’ (P2P), which complement all the projects and solar PV applications in Malaysia. The contributing result of this roadmap is the highlights on the continuous solar PV programs stimulated by GoM, the identification and effort to improve the less performing GoM incentive programs combined with the positive responses from communities and industries, have laid a strong platform to forecast a promising future of solar PV industry in Malaysia.

Grid Parity of Residential Building Rooftop Solar PV in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Rakesh Dalal ◽  
Kamal Bansal ◽  
Sapan Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Utility Grid ◽  
Rooftop Solar

Rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV) installation in India have increased in last decade because of the flat 40 percent subsidy extended for rooftop solar PV systems (3 kWp and below) by the Indian government under the solar rooftop scheme. From the residential building owner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost less than or equal grid electricity price, a condition referred as “grid parity”. For assessing grid parity of 3 kWp and 2 kWp residential solar PV system, 15 states capital and 19 major cities were considered  for the RET screen simulation by using solar isolation, utility grid tariff, system cost and other economic parameters. 3 kWp and 2 kWp rooftop solar PV with and without subsidy scenarios were considered for simulation using RETscreen software. We estimate that without subsidy no state could achieve grid parity for 2kWp rooftop solar PV plant. However with 3 kWp rooftop solar PV plant only 5 states could achieve grid parity without subsidy and with government subsidy number of states increased to 7, yet wide spread parity for residential rooftop solar PV is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs, subsidized utility grid supply to low energy consumer and financing rates are major barriers to grid parity.

scholarly journals Design and evalution of a solar PV system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Imad Jawad Khadim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Average System ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m2/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficiency was 12%.

scholarly journals Solar Concentrators In Malaysia: Towards The Development Of Low Cost Solar Photovoltaic Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus Muhammad Sukki ◽  
Roberto Ramirez Iniguez ◽  
Scott G. Mcmeekin ◽  
Brian G. Stewart ◽  
Barry Clive
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Pv System

Solar energy has become a matter of global attention in the past few years. This paper explores the use and benefit of solar concentrators in the solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. First, a short literature review of previous research on the usage of solar concentrators in improving solar PV system performance and reducing the cost of implementation is presented. This is followed by an overview of SolarBrane, an example of a Building Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system which uses an optical concentrator in the solar PV design. An optimised design of the SolarBrane is also discussed afterwards. A financial benefit study is conducted to compare the average return of investment of using the optimised SolarBrane and traditional solar PV installed in Malaysia’s environment. SolarBrane has proven to be a good alternative to achieve costeffective solar PV system. The financial analysis simulated under the new Malaysian Feed–In Tariff scheme indicates that the optimised SolarBrane could potentially reduce the initial cost of implementation by 40% and generate higher return, close to 20%, when compared to traditional solar PV systems. Key words: Solar photovoltaic; solar concentrator; solarBrane; dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator; financial analysis

scholarly journals Solar Photovoltaic Power Prediction Using Big Data Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13685
Author(s):  
Mariz B. Arias ◽  
Sungwoo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Generation Planning ◽  
Solar Pv System

Solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has been continually growing to be utilized in a grid-connected or stand-alone network. However, since the generation of solar PV power is highly variable because of different factors, its accurate forecasting is critical for a reliable integration to the grid and for supplying the load in a stand-alone network. This paper presents a prediction model for calculating solar PV power based on historical data, such as solar PV data, solar irradiance, and weather data, which are stored, managed, and processed using big data tools. The considered variables in calculating the solar PV power include solar irradiance, efficiency of the PV system, and characteristics of the PV system. The solar PV power profiles for each day of January, which is a summer season, were presented to show the variability of the solar PV power in numerical examples. The simulation results show relatively accurate forecasting with 17.57 kW and 2.80% as the best root mean square error and mean relative error, respectively. Thus, the proposed solar PV power prediction model can help power system engineers in generation planning for a grid-connected or stand-alone solar PV system.

scholarly journals Relationship between installed capacity with total installation cost on solar PV among prosumer NEM 2.0 in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1467-1479
Author(s):  
Noriza Mohd Saad ◽  
Izzaamirah Ishak ◽  
Amar Hisham Jaaffar ◽  
Mohd Zamri Laton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Net Energy Metering

Generate energy by Solar PV installation among prosumer, i.e; domestic, commercial, industrial as well as agriculture for self-consumption under Net Energy Metering (NEM) system become more popular in Malaysia. One, if not the only reason, is that day-to-day installation costs are kept at a decreasing rate and this is one of the reasonable ones for future investments and energy savings. By considering this issue, this study is motivated to investigate the relationship between installed capacity with the total installation costs as represented by equipment costs, installed costs, and operating costs. Secondary data was utilized provided by Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Malaysia and retrieved from Malaysian Energy Information Hub (MEIH). The data is then run by multivariate regression, which is focused on the random and fixed-effect model. Overall, the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between installed capacities with total installation costs among all categories of the prosumer in Malaysia. It would be recommended that the policymaker can increase the quota capacity allocation to the prosumer since the costs are at a diminishing rate that led to the take-up rate increase.

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