scholarly journals Syllabification nature in Bedouin-North Yemeni Arabic dialects (Bed-NYAD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami A. M. Alquhali ◽  
P. Gajendra

This study is concerned with discussing the syllable structure or the syllable nature of the bedouin or nomadic north Yemeni Arabic dialect spoken mainly in five governorates namely, Aljawf, Tihamah, Amran, Sa’adah and Ma’rib, in Yemen referred to in the study as Bed-NYAD. The main goal of this paper is to show how many syllables are there in such dialects of the Yemeni Arabic and how they differ from those NYAD.  Data collection was achieved with the help of a digital recorder. Many speakers of Bed-NYAD have been recorded for the sake of proving our claim that Bed-NYAD have different syllable nature from those other Yemeni dialects of Arabic. The finding of the study revealed that Bed-NYAD have five main types CV, CV:, CVC, CVCC and CV:C while NYAD have only three types of syllables CV, CVV, CVC and the semisyllable C.

Author(s):  
Agung Setiyono ◽  
Lia Maulia Indrayani ◽  
Ypsi Soeria Soemantri

<em>The toddler’s first words were unintelligible speech by adult. This study was conducted to investigate the language development undergone by a 18-months bilingual toddler. The study of language development had two perspectives in terms of clinical and linguistic perspective. This study was a linguistic perspective to find out the language development processes especially in phonological processes undergone by a 18-months bilingual toddler. This study employed descriptive case study as the method with observation and video recording as the data collection. The participant of this study was a 18-months Javanesse-Indonesian toddler. The data were collected for 30 days. The data were categorized and analyzed based on </em><em>Ingram's theory (1976)</em><em>. The result revealed that there were three categories of phonological processes undergone by 18-months Javanesse-Indonesian toddler such as substitution, assimilatory, and syllable structure processes. The syllable structure processes with initial consonant deletion is the most dominant types of phonological processes. The results are expected to enrich the study of language development especially in a 18-months Javanesse-Indonesian toddler in which the information will benefit for the practicing clinicians.</em>


2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kenstowicz

Abstract This paper examines a number of pervasive syllable-based alternations in three modern Arabic dialects: Levantine, Bani-Hassan (Bedouin) and Sudanese. The first part develops a distinction between core (CV, CVV, CVC) and marginal (CVCC, CVVC) syllables. It is argued that core syllables are constructed in the lexical phonology while marginal syllables are built postlexically. The second part of the paper develops an analysis of wasla ("joining"). It is shown how drawing a distinction between the segmental and skeletal tiers helps to explain several properties of this otherwise puzzling phenomenon.


2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsoon Kim

The present study proposes an L1 grammar-driven loanword-adaptation model with three intermediate steps — L1 perception, L1 lexical representations and L1 phonology — between L2 acoustic output and L1 output by examining how the distinctive features, syllable structure constraints and structural restrictions of one’s native language steer speakers in their search to replace foreign sounds with native sounds. Our main source of data in support of this model comes from differences between the Korean adaptations of English and French voicing contrasts on the basis of a recent survey of English and French loans in the year 2011. In word-initial position, for example, English voiceless plosives are borrowed as aspirated plosives, while French voiceless plosives are borrowed as either aspirated or fortis plosives in free variation. Considering the data examined here, we suggest that the different Korean adaptations of English and French voicing contrasts in plosives are based on Korean speakers’ perception of redundant phonetic variants in the donor languages (L2) and that this perception is conditioned by the acoustic cues to the laryngeal features [±spread glottis] and [±tense] of Korean, the host language (L1). In contrast to some current models, it shows that the distinctive feature composition of L1 segments plays an important role in loanword adaptations. We also suggest that not only L1 laryngeal features but also L1 syllable structure constraints and lexical restrictions influence L1 perception of the L2 voicing contrasts in word-final postvocalic plosives and that variation in vowel insertion after the plosives in our 2011 data collection is motivated by L1 phonology in both English and French loans. Variation in vowel insertion after English and French word-internal preconsonantal coda plosives is also affected by the native phonology in the 2011 data, no matter whether the plosives are released, as in French, or unreleased, as in English.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha Sinha

This research presents a phonological description of Totok Chingkho. The aim is to construct a phonemic and vocalic inventory of the language, as well as look into the syllable structure. The main objective of this research is to provide a phonological basis for further research in this language. Field methodology was used during data collection for this project. A word list of approximately 413 words was constructed and translated to Totok Chingkho by a native speaker. The translated words were transcribed using the IPA system, and were analyzed manually. The phonemic and vocalic inventory were created from minimal pairs extracted from the word-list. To determine the syllable structure, words were divided according to the number of syllables and their onset-nucleus, nucleus-coda relationship was investigated. There is a possibility for further research in phonological system as well as suprasegmental phonology of Totok Chingkho. Certain anomalies were observed, such as, the presence of labial stops and nasal sounds but absence of a labial fricative sound. Similarly, diphthongs were observed but not all could be confirmed. The data for onset-nucleus-coda relationship was found to be irregular which needs more explanation. This study provides requisite groundwork for further research in various facets of Totok Chingkho.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Bruno Marques Fidelis ◽  
Layla Mariana Maiante Pinto Antonechen ◽  
Carlos Antonio Izidoro Koch

O presente estudo visou analisar a percepção de atletas, treinadores e dirigentes em relação ao Projeto TOP (Talento Olímpico Paranaense). O estudo foi organizado metodologicamente a partir do tipo de pesquisa Quali-Quanti, tendo ainda, caráter descritivo. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada com roteiro não fixo; um gravador digital e caderno para anotações. Como amostra contou-se com 16 indivíduos, sendo 4 treinadores da modalidade de atletismo que possuem atletas dentro do projeto; 4 dirigentes (2 da Federação de Atletismo do Paraná e 2 dois dirigentes da Secretária de Esporte e Turismo do Paraná) e 8 atletas do Atletismo. A análise dos resultados foi iniciada por meio das leituras de 16 entrevistas transcritas pelo pesquisador, e ao longo dessas leituras foi realizado um processo de categorização de respostas para facilitar sua análise. A partir disso, os dados foram apresentados em tabelas e quadros para melhor compreensão dos resultados. Com a pesquisa constatou-se que as respostas apresentadas pelos atletas são mais simples, e procuram expressar o lado deles, apontando apenas o que interessa no momento, que é garantir a bolsa para as próximas etapas do projeto e receber a quantia em dinheiro que o projeto se comprometeu a fornecer. Conclui-se, portanto, que a percepção dos atletas é diferente em relação a dos Dirigentes e Treinadores, pois encontram-se em uma posição hierárquica distinta, exercendo papéis diferentes um dos outros, entretanto, a percepção dos dirigentes e treinadores são parecidas, os quais chegaram em respostas semelhantes em relação ao TOP no estado.ABSTRACT. Perception between directors, athletes and coaches on the top project of the period 2012 to 2016 in the modality of athletics. The aim of this work was to analyze the perception of athletes, coaches and directors in relation to the Project TOP (Talento Olímpico Paranaense). The work was methodologically organized according to the Quali-Quanti type research, and was also descriptive. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured interview with a non-fixed route; a digital recorder and a notebook were used for taking notes. As sample, there were 16 individuals, being 4 of them coaches of athletics, that have athletes inside the project; 4 directors (2 from the Athletics Federation of Paraná and 2 from the Secretary of Sport and Tourism of Paraná) and 8 athletes from Athletics. The analysis of the results started through the readings of 16 interviews transcribed by the researcher, and throughout these readings a process of categorization of responses was carried out to subserve their analysis. From this, the data were presented in tables for a better understanding of the results. With the research, it was verified that the answers presented by the athletes are simpler, and try to express their side, pointing out only what matters at the moment, which is to guarantee the scholarship for the next stages of the project and receive the amount in money that the Project has undertaken to provide. It is concluded, therefore, that the perception of the athletes is different in relation to that of the directors and coaches, because they are in a different hierarchical position, playing different roles, however, the perception of the directors and coaches are similar, which came to similar responses regarding the TOP in the state.


Author(s):  
S.W. Hui ◽  
D.F. Parsons

The development of the hydration stages for electron microscopes has opened up the application of electron diffraction in the study of biological membranes. Membrane specimen can now be observed without the artifacts introduced during drying, fixation and staining. The advantages of the electron diffraction technique, such as the abilities to observe small areas and thin specimens, to image and to screen impurities, to vary the camera length, and to reduce data collection time are fully utilized. Here we report our pioneering work in this area.


Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
Jennifer Fung ◽  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
Hans Chen ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
...  

Electron tomography is a technique where many projections of an object are collected from the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and are then used to reconstruct the object in its entirety, allowing internal structure to be viewed. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no other 3-D imaging technique to compete in its resolution range, electron tomography of amorphous structures has been exercised only sporadically over the last ten years. Its general lack of popularity can be attributed to the tediousness of the entire process starting from the data collection, image processing for reconstruction, and extending to the 3-D image analysis. We have been investing effort to automate all aspects of electron tomography. Our systems of data collection and tomographic image processing will be briefly described.To date, we have developed a second generation automated data collection system based on an SGI workstation (Fig. 1) (The previous version used a micro VAX). The computer takes full control of the microscope operations with its graphical menu driven environment. This is made possible by the direct digital recording of images using the CCD camera.


1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Long ◽  
Lesley B. Olswang ◽  
Julianne Brian ◽  
Philip S. Dale

This study investigated whether young children with specific expressive language impairment (SELI) learn to combine words according to general positional rules or specific, grammatic relation rules. The language of 20 children with SELI (4 females, 16 males, mean age of 33 months, mean MLU of 1.34) was sampled weekly for 9 weeks. Sixteen of these children also received treatment for two-word combinations (agent+action or possessor+possession). Two different metrics were used to determine the productivity of combinatorial utterances. One metric assessed productivity based on positional consistency alone; another assessed productivity based on positional and semantic consistency. Data were analyzed session-by-session as well as cumulatively. The results suggest that these children learned to combine words according to grammatic relation rules. Results of the session-by-session analysis were less informative than those of the cumulative analysis. For children with SELI ready to make the transition to multiword utterances, these findings support a cumulative method of data collection and a treatment approach that targets specific grammatic relation rules rather than general word combinations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Means ◽  
Casey McCaffrey

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Jaumeiko Brown
Keyword(s):  

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