Hydrogen monitoring in anaerobic sludge bed reactors at various hydraulic regimes and loading rates

1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Pauss ◽  
Serge R. Guiot
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Hydrogen Monitoring

Anaerobic Thermophilic (55°C) Treatment of TMP Whitewater in Reactors Based on Biomass Attachment and Entrapment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was treated in thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic laboratory-scale reactors using three different reactor configurations. In all reactors up to 70% COD removals were achieved. The anaerobic hybrid reactor, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a filter, gave degradation rates up to 10 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15 kg COD/m3d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1 hours. The anaerobic multi-stage reactor, consisting of three compartments, each packed with granular sludge and carrier elements, gave degradation rates up to 9 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15-16 kg COD/m3d, and HRT down to 2.6 hours. Clogging and short circuiting eventually became a problem in the multi-stage reactor, probably caused by too high packing of the carriers. The anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor performed similar to the other reactors at loading rates below 1.4 kg COD/m3d, which was the highest loading rate applied. The use of carriers in the anaerobic reactors allowed short HRT with good treatment efficiencies for TMP whitewater.

scholarly journals Bioenergy recovery from cattle wastewater in an UASB-AF hybrid reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2268-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Vieira de Mendonça ◽  
Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Otenio ◽  
Alberto José Delgado dos Reis ◽  
Isabel Paula Ramos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract New data on biogas production and treatment of cattle wastewater were registered using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-anaerobic filter (UASB-AF) hybrid reactor under mesophilic temperature conditions (37 °C). The reactor was operated in semi-continuous mode with hydraulic retention times of 6, 5, 3 and 2 days and organic loading rates of 3.8, 4.6, 7.0 and 10.8 kg CODt m−3 d−1. Biogas volumes of 0.6–0.8 m3 m−3 d−1 (3.8–4.6 kg CODt m−3 d−1) and 1.2–1.4 m3 m−3 d−1 (7.0–10.8 kg CODt m−3 d−1), with methane concentrations between 69 and 75%, were attained. The removal of organic matter with values of 60–81% (CODt) and 51–75% (CODs) allowed methane yields of 0.155–0.183 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODt and 0.401–0.513 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODs to be obtained. Volatile solids were removed in 34 to 69%, with corresponding methane yields of 0.27 to 0.42 m3 CH4 kg−1 VSremoved. The good performance of the novel hybrid reactor was demonstrated by biogas outputs higher than reported previously in the literature, along with the quality of the gas obtained in the various experimental phases. The hybrid reactor investigated in this study presents comparative advantages, particularly in relation to conventional complete mixture units, considering economic factors such as energy consumption, reactor volume and installation area.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

Anaerobic treatment of proteinaceous wastewater under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. P. Fang ◽  
D. Wai-Chung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Experiments were conducted in two 2.8 liter UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors treating proteinaceous wastewaters at 37° and 55°C with 9 hours of hydraulic retention. Results showed that the mesophilic reactor consistently removed 83.5-85.1% of COD (chemical oxygen demand) at loading rates ranging 8-22 g COD l−1 d−1 (corresponding to 3000-8250 mg l−1 of proteinaceous COD in wastewater), whereas the thermophilic reactor removed only 68.5-82.7%. At 32 g COD l−1 d−1 (i.e. 12000 mg COD l−1), the removal efficiencies were lowered to 75.7% in the mesophilic reactor and 65.1% in the thermophilic reactor. At 42 g COD l−1 d−1, severe sludge washout occurred in the mesophilic reactor; at the same loading rate, the thermophilic reactor removed only 53.8% of COD even though sludge washout was under control. The degradation rate in the both reactors was limited by the initial hydrolysis of proteins. However, batch tests showed that thermophilic sludge had slightly higher methanogenic activities than mesophilic sludge in treating proteins and intermediate acids, except propionate. The sludge yields in mesophilic and thermophilic reactors were 0.066 and 0.099 g VSS g COD−1, respectively. Observations by scanning electron microscopy indicated that both types of sludge granules were of irregular shape. There was little noticeable difference between the two granules; both had neither a layered microstructure nor a predominant bacterial species.

A downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for faecal coliform removal from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2034-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Elena Yaya Beas ◽  
Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld ◽  
Jules B. van Lier ◽  
Grietje Zeeman
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This research was conducted to study the faecal coliforms removal capacity of downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactors as a post-treatment for an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Three long-term continuous laboratory-scale DHS reactors, i.e. a reactor with cube type sponges without recirculation, a similar one with recirculation and a reactor with curtain type sponges, were studied. The porosities of the applied medium were 91%, 87% and 47% respectively. The organic loading rates were 0.86 kgCOD m−3 d−1, 0.53 kgCOD m−3 d−1 and 0.24 kgCOD m−3 d−1 correspondingly at hydraulic loading rates of 1.92 m3 m−2 d−1, 2.97 m3 m−2 d−1 and 1.32 m3 m−2 d−1, respectively (COD: chemical oxygen demand). The corresponding averages for faecal coliform removal were 99.997%, 99.919% and 92.121% respectively. The 1989 WHO guidelines standards, in terms of faecal coliform content for unrestricted irrigation (category A), was achieved with the effluent of the cube type DHS (G1) without recirculation. Restricted irrigation, category B and C, is assigned to the effluent of the cube type with recirculation and the curtain type, respectively. Particularly for organic compounds, the effluent of evaluated DHS reactors complies with USEPA standards for irrigation of so called non-food crops like pasture for milking animals, fodder, fibre, and seed crops.

Start-Up Strategy to Achieve Excellent Efficiency of Degradation Acetate,Ethanol and Propionate in UASB

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2103-2106
Author(s):  
Ming Yue Zheng ◽  
Ming Xia Zheng ◽  
Kai Jun Wang ◽  
Hai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) fed with three metabolic intermediate (acetate, ethanol, and propionate) respectively was studied. The degradation of metabolic intermediate were investigated to discuss the reason for propionate inhibition problem in anaerobic treatment. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the reactors started with 8.0h.The yield rate of biogas were 237ml/gCOD, 242ml/gCOD, 218ml/gCOD for acetate, ethanol and propionate, respectively when finishing start-up under OLR of 5.0 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT=9.6h).The HRT remained constant 9.6h,and the substrate concentration was gradually increased from 1,000 to 16,000mg/L as COD,and the organic loading rates(OLR) was from 3.0 to 40.0 kgCOD/(m3·d).The maximum propionate concentration was 41.6 gHPr-COD/L at the organic loading rate of 43.9 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT, 9.6h) as well as acetate and ethanol.

EFFECT OF COD LOADING RATE ON AN UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT WITH BUTYRATE / SUVARTOJAMO CHDS POVEIKIS PALMIŲ ALIEJAUS GAMYBINIŲ NUOTEKŲ SU BUTIRATU ANAEROBINIO PŪDYMO PLOKŠTELINIAME REAKTORIUJE METU

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Rumana Ghufran ◽  
Zularisam Abd. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Palm oil Mill Effluent (POME) with concentrated butyrate was treated in a 4.5 l upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR), run over a range of influent concentrations (16.5–46.0 g-COD l−1), chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates (1.5–11.5 g-CODl−1d−1) and 11–4 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 37 °C by maintaining pH between 6.5–7.5. The process consistently removed 97–99% of COD at loading rates up to 1.5–4.8 g-COD l−1d−1 by varying HRT (11–7.2 days). Butyrate is an important intermediate in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. In sulphate-depleted environment, butyrate in POME (BOD/COD ratio of 0.5) is β-oxidised to acetate and hydrogen, by obligate proton reducers in syntrophic association with hydrogen utilizing methanogens. The conversion of acetate to methane appeared to be rate limiting step. Maximum biogas (20.17 ll−1d−1) and methane production (16.2 ll−1d−1) were obtained at COD loading rate of 4.80 gl−1d−1and HRT of 7.2 days. The biogas and methane production were higher in the presence of butyrate compared to control. The methane content of the biogas was in the range of 70–80% throughout the study while in control it was 60–65%. Finding of this study clearly indicates the successful treatment of POME with butyrate in UASBR. Santrauka Palmių aliejaus gamybinės nuotekos (POME) su koncentruotu butiratu buvo apdorotos 4,5 l talpos aukštyn tekančio aerobinio dumblo plokšteliniame reaktoriuje (UASBR). Nuotekos tekėjo įvairių koncentracijų (16,5–46,0 g – ChDS 1−1), cheminio deguonies suvartojimo (ChDS) normos (1,5–11,5 g – ChDS 1−1d.−1). Hidraulinio sulaikymo trukmė (HRT) nuo 11 iki 4 dienų, kai temperatūra 37 °C, pH palaikant 6,5–7,5. Vykstant procesui nuolat buvo pašalinama 97–99% ChD, kai tiekimo ir pakrovimo sparta 1,5–4,8 g – ChDS 1−1d.−1 kintant HRT(11–7,2 d.). Butiratas yra svarbus tarpininkas organinių medžiagų anaerobinio skilimo procese. Sulfatas iš aplinkos, butiratas iš POME (BDS/ChDS santykis 0,5) yra acetato ir vandenilio β oksidatoriai, priverčiantys protonų reducentus sintrofinės sąveikos su vandeniliu metu utilizuoti metanogenus. Acetato virtimas metanu pasirodė esąs greitį ribojantis veiksnys. Daugiausia biodujų (20,17 l 1−1 d.−1) ir metano (16,2 l 1−1 d.−1) susidarė tada, kai suvartojamo ChD tiekimo greitis buvo 4,80 g 1−1d.−1, o HRT – 7,2 dienos. Daugiau biodujų ir metano susidarė dalyvaujant butiratui, palyginti su kontroliniu pavyzdžiu. Biodujose metano kiekis tyrimo metu svyravo 70–80%, o kontroliniame buvo 60–65%. Šis tyrimas aiškiai parodė, kad POME su butiratu UASBreaktoriuje apdorojamas sėkmingai.

Treatment of Landfill Leachate with an Upflow Anaerobic Reactor Combining a Sludge Bed and a Filter

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juu-En Chang
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Operational Characteristics

The operational characteristics, efficiency of treatment of landfill leachate, and recovery of energy in a laboratory scale hybrid bioreactor were investigated. The reactor was a continuous upflow system combining a sludge bed and a filter and was operated at 35°C. This modified anaerobic sludge bed filter (SBF) reactor was found to provide efficient treatment of the organic constituents of the leachate. Removal of soluble COD was greater than 92% at organic loading rates less than 13 kg COD/m3/d, and removal decreased to 70% with an organic loading rate of 21.77 kg COD/m3/d. A solids balance indicated that 0.041 g volatile suspended solids (VSS) were produced per gram of COD removed. The removal of sulfate and soluble Fe was as high as 90% and 96.9%, respectively. An accumulation of Fe was observed. When the influent concentration of total Fe ranged from 160 to 515 mg/l, the total Fe concentration in the sludge was as high as 7,100 mg/l after a 185 day period of operation. The sulfate loading of the system affected energy recovery. When the sulfate loading rate increased from 102 to 683 mg/l/d, energy recovery decreased from 90% to 52%. The biogas conversion factor for methane was 0.31 1 at STP per gram of COD removed.

scholarly journals Anaerobic treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater at different organic loading rates and temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza-Soto ◽  
A. Jacobo-López ◽  
M. Lucero-Chávez ◽  
C. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the optimum operating temperature of laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during the treatment of a chocolate-processing industry wastewater at medium applied organic loading rates (OLRappl). Four UASB reactors were operated at different temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and three OLRappl (2, 4 and 6 kg soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs)/(m3 d)). The flowrate and the hydraulic retention time were constant (11.5 L/d and 6 h, respectively). The monitored parameters were pH, temperature, CODs, and total and volatile suspended solids. The CODs removal efficiency (RE) and biogas production rate (BPR) were calculated. The 15 °C UASB reactor had the lowest RE (39 to 78%) due to the low operating temperature. Regardless of the OLRappl, the RE of the 20, 25 and 30 °C reactors was high and similar to each other (between 88 and 94%). The BPR of the four UASB reactors had the same behaviour as the RE (BPR of 15 °C: 0.3 to 0.5 Lbiogas/(Lreactor d) (Lb/(Lr d)) and BPR of 20, 25 and 30 °C: 0.5 to 1.9 Lb/(Lr d)).

Advantages of Fluidization on Granule Size and Activity Development in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Guiot ◽  
Y. Arcand ◽  
C. Chavarie
Keyword(s):  
Granule Size ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Fixed Beds ◽  
Positive Effect

Wastewater treatment processes such as upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-like reactors are strongly dependent on the aggregation of biomass into macroscopic granules (1-3 mm) which settle well. The effect of the liquid upflow velocity (vUP) on the mean granule size and on the hydrogen, acetate, propionate and glucose specific activities was studied, at various specific loading rates, using sugar wastewater. Reactors operated at 0.9 m h-1 behaved as fixed beds while those run at 2.2,4.4 and 6.6 m h-1 were fluidized. The vUP had a significant effect on granule mean geometric diameter (Dm) and on the specific activities. The Dm increased with the vUP, as a direct function of the hydrodynamic regime, rather than as a result of a specific wash-out of smaller particles at higher vUP. Acidogenic (glucotrophic) activity decreased when vUP augmented. All other post-glucotrophic activities (propionate, acetate, H2) were positively influenced by the vUP. The positive effect of vup increased with the specific loading rate (SLR). Glucose activity gradient within the granule bed was highly and inversely correlated to that of the granule size, while for propionate and acetate activity gradients, the correlation was direct, although less strong. No gradient was observed for H2 activity. These observations are discussed in details with regard to an ordered distribution of the consortium populations within the granule spatial structure. They support the so-called multilayer arrangement of anaerobic granules. These results are encouraging for environmental industries which are promoting UASB-like designs handling anaerobic natural granules under fluidization.

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