UJI DAYA TUMBUH DAN UJI VIRULENSI JAMUR PATOGEN Fusarium moniliforme PENYEBAB PENYAKIT POKAHBUNG PADA TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Nia Devita Mevianti ◽  
Antok Wahyu Sektiono ◽  
Syamsuddin Djauhari
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Pokahbung merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang banyak ditemukan di pertanaman tebu dan disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium moniliforme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya tumbuh F. moniliforme di 6 media yang berbeda dan mengetahui media yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme serta mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan media pertumbuhan jamur yang digunakan terhadap tingkat virulensi F. moniliforme pada tanaman tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan dan Rumah Kaca (Greenhouse), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan eksperimen. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan media yang berbeda dan 4 kali ulangan secara In vitro dan In vivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari parameter pengamatan diameter koloni, kerapatan konidia, dan viabilitas konidia menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Sehingga kentang, umbi ganyong, dan ubi kayu dapat digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme dan penggunaan media kentang dan dextrose serta media kentang dan sukrosa dinilai dapat menjadi media yang paling efektif untuk pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme. Perkembangan intensitas serangan penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari keenam media yang berbeda memiliki tingkat virulensi yang sama.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Hydro-ethanolic Extracts against Three Rice Seed-borne Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Léon W. Nitiema ◽  
Fabrice W. Nikiema ◽  
Drissa Sérémé ◽  
Pierre A. E. D. Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Aims: This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activities of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis bark hydro-ethanolic extract against Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Curvularia lunata and to evaluate the percentages of germination and infection of infected rice seeds. Methods: Different extract concentrations ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and 1% were tested during 15 days using poisoned food technique method for in vitro antifungal activity against above three fungal strains. The same concentrations of extract were used to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity on rice seeds infected by these three fungal strains. Results: The extract of Securidaca longepedunculata had antifungal effect on Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme and completely inhibited its mycelial growth at all tested concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Curvularia lunata mycelial growth was inhibited of 84.7% by 1% Securidaca longepedunculata extract after five days of culture. However, mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata were increased with increasing concentration of Acacia gourmaensis extract. It has been observed that when Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract concentration increased up to 1%, seeds germination percentage decreased for all infection. In contrast, the opposite was observed for Acacia gourmaensis extract. Likewise, seeds infection decreased with the highest concentration (1%) of Securidaca longepedunculata for all infection, whereas the opposite was observed with Acacia gourmaensis extract. Conclusion: This study showed that S. longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract has more antifungal activity against seed-borne fungi (F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata) than A. gourmaensis in vitro and in vivo. Results show that Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic bark extract can be used as a potential antifungal agent in the management of some rice fungal diseases. Acacia gourmaensis extract, at low concentration, could be used in rice seed treatment to increase seed germination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Somaclonals Tolerance to Salinity Via In Vitro and In Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD SHOMEILI ◽  
MAJID NABIPOUR ◽  
MOSA MESKARBASHEE ◽  
HAMID RAJABI MEMARI
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

scholarly journals Evaluation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) somaclonal variants tolerance to salinity in vitro and in vivo cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 9337-9343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shomeili Mahmoud ◽  
Nabipour Majid ◽  
Meskarbashee Mosa ◽  
Rajabi Memari Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Somaclonal Variants ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

BIOCONTROL DE Trichoderma spp. HACIA PATÓGENOS DE LA RAÍZ DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR (Saccharum officinarum)

Agrociencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-966
Author(s):  
Lidia Concepción Gamboa-Villa ◽  
Edgar Martínez Fernández ◽  
Patricia Martínez Jaimes ◽  
Ramón Suárez Rodríguez ◽  
José Augusto Ramírez Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

La marchitez de la caña de azúcar la produce un complejo de especies de Fusarium, como F. andiyazi y F. sacchari que inducen la pudrición de las raíces. Para controlar esta enfermedad y disminuir el uso de fungicidas se ha propuesto el control biológico por medio de antagonistas del género Trichoderma. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar in vitro y en plantas de caña de azúcar la capacidad antagónica de cepas de Trichoderma hacia F. andiyazi y F. sacchari. La hipótesis fue que al menos una cepa de Trichoderma inhibe el crecimiento in vitro de Fusarium y favorece el desarrollo de las plantas de caña. Dieciocho cepas de Trichoderma se aislaron y se determinó su porcentaje de inhibición sobre el crecimiento micelial de especies de Fusarium con la técnica de cultivo dual en medio de cultivo papa dextrosa agar. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. El grado de antagonismo de Trichoderma se evaluó a los 13 d. Las cepas T2 y T8 que mostraron las características mejores de antagonismo se eligieron para el bioensayo in vivo. Para la evaluación in vivo el sustrato estéril se inoculó con F. andiyazi y F. sacchari y las raíces de plantas de caña con las cepas T2 y T8 de Trichoderma en un diseño de bloques al azar, con tres bloques y tres repeticiones para cada tratamiento. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta (cm), biomasa húmeda y seca de la raíz (g), número y diámetro de tallos (mm) y longitud de la raíz (cm). Las cepas T2 yT8 se determinaron, con identificación morfológica y molecular, como T. asperellum y T. koningiopsis. El efecto de estas cepas en las plantas de caña fue benéfico; ya que incrementaron altura de planta, y longitud, biomasa húmeda y seca de raíces.

scholarly journals Antagonismo de Trichoderma spp. no biocontrole de Fusarium moniliforme na cultura do milho

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
João Carlos Dias Medeiros ◽  
Warlyton Silva Martins ◽  
Flavia Fernandes Ribeiro de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

<p>A monocultura do milho favorece o surgimento de doenças com potencial de causar danos econômicos em lavouras. O fungo do gênero <em>Fusarium</em> ocupa um papel relevante entre as doenças que podem afetar esta cultura, a exemplo da podridão do colmo e raiz. Desse modo, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar a capacidade de espécies de <em>Trichoderma </em>(<em>T. viride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum e T. </em>spp.) como agentes de biocontrole e/ou indução de resistência sobre o fungo <em>Fusarium moniliforme</em>, “<em>in vitro</em>” e “<em>in vivo</em>” em milho. Os ensaios foram desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Casa de Vegetação do Centro Universitário Católica do Tocantins - UniCatólica. No ensaio “<em>in vitro</em>” testou-se o antagonismo entre as espécies de <em>Trichoderma</em> e o patógeno <em>F. moniliforme</em> com o teste de confrontação direta do método de cultura pareada em disco de ágar em placas de petri. No teste “<em>in vivo</em>” o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado do tipo fatorial 3x4X5, consistindo em três formas de aplicação (tratamento de sementes, tratamento de solo e aplicação foliar), quatro espécies de <em>Trichoderma </em>(<em>T. viride</em>, <em>T. harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum e T. </em>spp.) com cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade, com teste Tukey para comparação das médias. Observou-se que a estirpe <em>T. viride</em> apresentou-se como expoente ao obter os maiores resultados em ambos os ensaios, inibindo 95% o crescimento do patógeno em meio de cultura. Conclui-se que as espécies de <em>Trichoderma</em> apresentam potencial antagônico contra<em> F. moniliforme</em>.</p>

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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