STUDI LITERATUR PEMANFAATAN SINTESIS SENYAWA PIPERIDINIL-P-KUMARAMIDA DARI ASAM-P-KUMARAT YANG DIPEROLEH DARI LIMBAH SEKAM PADI (ORYZAE SATIVA) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTI KANKER LEUKEMIA

Pendahuluan: Pada tahun 2018, angka kejadian kanker di Indonesia mencapai 136,2 per 100.000 penduduk serta kanker leukemia menduduki posisi kelima sebagai kanker paling mematikan dan telah merenggut 11.314 jiwa. Tingginya biaya pengobatan leukemia menjadikan penyerapan anggaran pembiayaan dalam program JKN-KIS sebesar Rp3,4 triliun. Melihat masalah tersebut, para peneliti mencoba memanfaatkan bahan alam untuk mengembangkan agen anti-leukemia yang baru. Isi: Salah satu senyawa yang dapat menghambat kanker leukemia adalah piperidinil-p-kumaramida, turunan dari asam-p-kumarat yang dapat ditemukan dan diisolasi dari limbah tanaman padi atau Oryzae sativa. Setiap tahunnya, 79,2 juta ton tanaman padi diproduksi dan menghasilkan 19,8 juta ton limbah sekam. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengoptimalisasi pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi sebagai prekursor piperidinil-p-kumaramida untuk antikanker leukemia. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi bertingkat limbah sekam dengan menggunakan larutan air-metanol dan etil asetat. Ekstrak lalu diisolasi dan dipurifikasi KLT. Setelah itu, penetapan kadar dianalisis menggunakan KCKT. Asam-p-kumarat dimodifikasi menjadi piperidinil-p-kumaramida dengan cara mereaksikannya dengan piperidin. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas piperidinil-p-kumaramida sebagai anti kanker leukemia pada sel p388 dapat diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo. Berdasarkan studi literatur yang telah dilakukan, sebanyak 100 gram limbah sekam padi dapat menghasilkan 265.4 ± 2.4 mg asam p-kumarat. Setiap 0,5 gram asam-p-kumarat dapat yang dapat disintesis menjadi piperidinil-p-kumaramida yang mempunyai IC50 sebesar 5,34 µg/mL sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen anti kanker leukemia.

Incidence de Fusarium spp. associé aux semences de riz (Oryza sativa L.) au Burkina Faso

La production du riz au Burkina Faso est limitée par certaines maladies fongiques transmises par les espèces du genre Fusarium. A cet effet, l’importance de ces champignons a été évaluée sur 59 échantillons provenant de 7 variétés de riz par la méthode du papier buvard. Les sites sont répartis dans les 13 régions administratives situées en fonction des 3 zones agroécologiques du pays. Fusarium spp. a été identifié dans 81,35% des échantillons à des taux d’infection de 1 à 41%. Fusarium spp. est présent dans toutes les zones agroécologiques avec des taux de prévalence variant de 78,2 à 83,87%. Les échantillons provenant de la zone Soudano-Sahélienne et Soudanienne ont été plus infectés (respectivement 6,74% et 5,34%) que ceux de la zone Sahélienne (1,40%). Ces champignons ont été rencontrés dans toutes les régions du pays avec des taux d’infections de semences variant de 0,5 à 15,25%. Les régions les plus attaquées étant le Centre-Sud (15,25%), le Centre (11,75%) et la Boucle du Mouhoun (11,5%). L’étude montre un taux d’infection global des semences par Fusarium spp. de 5,74%. Une identification des espèces rencontrées sur le riz est impérative. L’évaluation de leur pathogénicité permettra de déterminer celles impliquées dans le gigantisme du riz. Mots clés : Fusarium spp., prévalence, taux d’infection, semences de riz Incidence of Fusarium spp. associated with rice seeds (Oryzae sativa L.) in Burkina Faso Rice production in Burkina Faso is limited by some fungal diseases transmitted by species from the genus Fusarium. To this end, the importance of these fungi was assessed on 59 samples from 7 rice varieties using the blotting paper method. The sites were distributed in the 13 administrative regions located according to the 3 agro-ecological zones of the country. Fusarium spp. was identified in 81.35% of the samples at infection rates ranging from 1 to 41%. Fusarium spp. is present in all agroecological zones with prevalence rates ranging from 78.2 to 83.87 %. Samples from the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones were more infected (6.74% and 5.34% respectively) than those from the Sahelian zone (1.40%). These fungi were found in all regions of the country with seed infection rates ranging from 0.5 to 15.25%. The most affected regions were the Centre-South (15.25%), the Centre (11.75 %) and the “Boucle du Mouhoun” (11.5%). The study shows an overall seed infection rate of Fusarium spp. of 5.74%. Identification of the species found on rice is imperative. Evaluation of their pathogenicity will make it possible to determine which species are involved in the rice's gigantism.Keywords: Fusarium spp., prevalence, infection rate, rice seed

Foliar Application of Bio-Stimulants Enhancing the Production and the Toxicity of Origanum majorana Essential Oils Against Four Rice Seed-Borne Fungi

In the present study, the enhancement of the production of Origanum majorana essential oils (EOs) was studied by treating plants with ascorbic acid (AA) and tryptophan (Trp) at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/L and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) at 2.5%, 5% and 10% as foliar applications during the seasons 2018–2019. The toxicities of the EOs were assayed against four seed-borne fungi (Bipolaris orzyae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium verticilliodies and F. graminearum) isolated from rice grains (Oryzae sativa). Vegetative growth parameters and EO production were enhanced by the application of AA, Trp and MLE in both seasons. Analysis of the EOs by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the main chemical constituents were terpineol (cis-β-(1-terpinenol)), terpinen-4-ol, 4-thujanol (sabinene hydrate), α-terpineol, cymene and sabinene. The highest fungal mycelial growth inhibition (FMGI) percentages against F. verticilliodies were 94.57% and 92.63% as MLE at 5% and 10%, respectively, was applied to plants and 85.60% and 82.19% against F. graminearum as Trp was applied to plants at 300 and 200 mg/L, respectively. EOs from the treated plant with MLE (10%) observed the highest FMGI (84.46%) against B. oryzae, and EOs from plants treated with AA as foliar application at 300 and 200 mg/L showed the highest FMGI values of 81.11% and 81.85%, respectively, against the growth of C. lunata. Application of EOs extracted from plants treated with Trp, AA and MLE at 300 mg/L, 300 mg/L and 10%, respectively, or untreated plants to rice seeds inhibited or decreased the fungal infection percentage from 82.5% (naturally infected grains) to 1.75%, 10.5%, 17.5% and 18.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the extracted EOs affected by the foliar application of O. majorana plants with Trp, AA, and MLE could be useful as a biofungicide against rice seed-borne fungi.