Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslanidou ◽  
P. Smiris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
North East ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

This  study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the  potential growth and    adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These  species are: Quercus    dalechampii Ten, Quercus  conferta Kit, Quercus  pubescens Willd, Castanea  sativa Mill, Fagus    moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands  with Fagus moesiaca.    Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content  of each sample    was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its  contribution to the growth    of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water  is influenced by the soil    depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant  restriction was observed. ii) the    large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse  effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out    at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the  soil moisture content is    greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew  stands, is 10-15 % in    the Q. pubescens  stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii    stands.

scholarly journals Modified Richards’ Equation to Improve Estimates of Soil Moisture in Two-Layered Soils after Infiltration

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Zhu ◽  
Tingxi Liu ◽  
Baolin Xue ◽  
Yinglan A. ◽  
Guoqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

Soil moisture distribution plays a significant role in soil erosion, evapotranspiration, and overland flow. Infiltration is a main component of the hydrological cycle, and simulations of soil moisture can improve infiltration process modeling. Different environmental factors affect soil moisture distribution in different soil layers. Soil moisture distribution is influenced mainly by soil properties (e.g., porosity) in the upper layer (10 cm), but by gravity-related factors (e.g., slope) in the deeper layer (50 cm). Richards’ equation is a widely used infiltration equation in hydrological models, but its homogeneous assumptions simplify the pattern of soil moisture distribution, leading to overestimates. Here, we present a modified Richards’ equation to predict soil moisture distribution in different layers along vertical infiltration. Two formulae considering different controlling factors were used to estimate soil moisture distribution at a given time and depth. Data for factors including slope, soil depth, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity were obtained from the literature and in situ measurements and used as prior information. Simulations were compared between the modified and the original Richards’ equations and with measurements taken at different times and depths. Comparisons with soil moisture data measured in situ indicated that the modified Richards’ equation still had limitations in terms of reproducing soil moisture in different slope positions and rainfall periods. However, compared with the original Richards’ equation, the modified equation estimated soil moisture with spatial diversity in the infiltration process more accurately. The equation may benefit from further solutions that consider various controlling factors in layers. Our results show that the proposed modified Richards’ equation provides a more effective approach to predict soil moisture in the vertical infiltration process.

scholarly journals Field Calibration of TDR to Assess the Soil Moisture of Drained Peatland Surface Layers

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gnatowski ◽  
Jan Szatyłowicz ◽  
Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz ◽  
Ryszard Oleszczuk ◽  
Maria Janicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
North East

The proper monitoring of soil moisture content is important to understand water-related processes in peatland ecosystems. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a popular method used for soil moisture content measurements, the applicability of which is still challenging in field studies due to requirements regarding the calibration curve which converts the dielectric constant into the soil moisture content. The main objective of this study was to develop a general calibration equation for the TDR method based on simultaneous field measurements of the dielectric constant and gravimetric water content in the surface layers of degraded peatlands. Data were collected during field campaigns conducted temporarily between the years 2006 and 2016 at the drained peatland Kuwasy located in the north-east area of Poland. Based on the data analysis, a two-slopes linear calibration equation was developed as a general broken-line model (GBLM). A site-specific calibration model (SSM-D) for the TDR method was obtained in the form of a two-slopes equation describing the relationship between the soil moisture content and the dielectric constant and introducing the bioindices as covariates relating to plant species biodiversity and the state of the habitats. The root mean squared error for the GBLM and SSM-D models were equal, respectively, at 0.04 and 0.035 cm3 cm−3.

Soil moisture distribution mapping in topsoil and its effect on maize yield

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Milics ◽  
Attila J. Kovács ◽  
Attila Pörneczi ◽  
Anikó Nyéki ◽  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Distribution Mapping

AbstractSoil moisture content directly influences yield. Mapping within field soil moisture content differences provides information for agricultural management practices.In this study we aimed to find a cost-effective method for mapping within field soil moisture content differences. Spatial coverage of the field sampling or TDR method is still not dense enough for site-specific soil management. Soil moisture content can be calculated by measuring the apparent soil electrical conductivity (Soil moisture map was also compared to yield map showing correlation (

scholarly journals Continuous field soil moisture content mapping by means of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Nagy ◽  
Gábor Milics ◽  
Norbert Smuk ◽  
Attila József Kovács ◽  
István Balla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Volumetric Moisture Content ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity

Abstract A soil moisture content map is important for providing information about the distribution of moisture in a given area. Moisture content directly influences agricultural yield thus it is crucial to have accurate and reliable information about moisture distribution and content in the field. Since soil is a porous medium modified generalized Archie’s equation provides the basic formula to calculate moisture content data based on measured ECa. In this study we aimed to find a more accurate and cost effective method for measuring moisture content than manual field sampling. Locations of 25 sampling points were chosen from our research field as a reference. We assumed that soil moisture content could be calculated by measuring apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) using the Veris-3100 on-the-go soil mapping tool. Statistical analysis was carried out on the 10.791 ECa raw data in order to filter the outliers. The applied statistical method was ±1.5 interquartile (IRQ) distance approach. The visualization of soil moisture distribution within the experimental field was carried out by means of ArcGIS/ArcMAP using the inverse distance weighting interpolation method. In the investigated 25 sampling points, coefficient of determination between calculated volumetric moisture content data and measured ECa was R2 = 0.87. According to our results, volumetric moisture content can be mapped by applying ECa measurements in these particular soil types.

scholarly journals Moisture Distribution in Sloping Black Soil Farmland during the Freeze–Thaw Period in Northeastern China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianbo Zhao ◽  
Shiguo Xu ◽  
Tiejun Liu ◽  
Pengpeng Qiu ◽  
Guoshuai Qin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Period

This paper outlines dynamics of near-surface hydrothermal processes and analyzes the characteristics of moisture distribution during the freeze–thaw period in a typical black soil zone around Harbin, Northeastern China, a region with a moderate depth of seasonally frozen ground and one of the most important granaries in China. At Field Site 1, we analyzed the soil temperature and soil moisture content data from November 2011 to April 2012 from soil depths of 1, 5, 10, and 15 cm in sunny slope, and from depths of 1, 5, and 10 cm in shady slope black soil farmland. At Field Site 2, soil samples were collected from a168mlong sloping black soil field at locations 10, 50, 100, and 150 m from the bottom of the slope at different depths of 0–1 cm, 1–5 cm, and 5–10 cm at the same location. Analysis of the monitored Site 1 soil temperature and soil moisture content data showed that the soil moisture content and soil temperature fit line is consistent with a Gaussian distribution rather than a linear distribution during the freeze–thaw period. The soil moisture content and time with temperature fit line is in accordance with a Gaussian distribution during the freeze–thaw period. Site 2 soil samples were analyzed, and the soil moisture contents of the sloping black soil farmland were obtained during six different freeze–thaw periods. It was verified that the soil moisture content and time with temperature fit line is in accordance with a Gaussian distribution during the six different freeze–thaw periods. The maximum surface soil moisture content was reached during the early freeze–thaw period, which is consistent with the natural phenomenon of early spring peak soil moisture content under temperature rise and snow melt. The soil moisture contents gradually increased from the top to the bottom in sloping black soil farmland during the freeze–thaw period. Since the soil moisture content is related to soil temperature during the freeze–thaw cycle, we validated the correlation between soil temperature spatiotemporal China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model–Soil Temperature (CMADS-ST) data and monitored data. The practicality of CMADS-ST in black soil slope farmland in the seasonal frozen ground zone of the study area is very good. This research has important significance for decision-making for protecting water and soil environments in black soil slope farmland.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Soil and Vegetation along the Yulin–Jingbian Desert Expressway in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Zhibao Dong ◽  
Shaopeng Song ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xujia Cui
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Transportation infrastructure dramatically affects ecological processes. However, the environmental assessment process does not often consider how transportation impacts biodiversity, especially in ecologically fragile areas. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the Yulin–Jingbian expressway on vegetative diversity and to discuss the reason for the differences in soil-moisture distribution and vegetation diversity along the expressway. Samples were collected from 60 quadrats, along 6 transects. The α diversity indices and soil-moisture content calculated for each layer were used to represent habitat heterogeneity within a quadrat. A total of 49 species representing 39 genera and 16 families were recorded. Perennial herbs (42.9%) and annual herbs (36.7%) were the dominant life form. Species richness, diversity, and evenness indices of the vegetation varied with the distance between sampling points along the expressway. The vegetation with high diversity and evenness were near the expressway and areas with low diversity were farther from the expressway. The soil-moisture content in the 0–20 cm soil layer was a driving factor for the α diversity indices, and soil-moisture content below 20 cm played an inhibitory role on the α diversity indices. The greatest impact of the expressway on vegetation diversity was its effect on surface runoff and the distribution of plant root systems in the top layer of soil.

Calibration and modification of impedance probe for near surface soil moisture measurements

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Tsegaye ◽  
W. Tadesse ◽  
T. L. Coleman ◽  
T. J. Jackson ◽  
H. Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Impedance Probe

A reliable and low cost sensor that can measure soil moisture at or near the soil surface is currently not available. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the possibility of modifying an impedance probe (IP) to measure soil moisture content at a very shallow depth (2–5 cm); and (ii) to compare the soil moisture values obtained using the IP to the values obtained using the traditional gravimetric method. The research was conducted at the Winfred A. Thomas Agricultural Research Station (WTARS) Hazel Green, Alabama. The standard IP that is capable of measuring soil moisture content at 6-cm soil depth was modified to measure soil moisture at 2-, 3-, and 5-cm depths. Using a site and depth-specific calibration technique it provided results that were comparable to the values that were obtained following the traditional gravimetric water content determination protocol. We found that the instrument was very sensitive to changes in soil moisture content and has great potential as a replacement for the gravimetric technique. It allows repetitive measurements of soil moisture content at a very shallow depth with minimal soil disturbance. Fur thermore, the instrument is particularly valuable for providing ground- truth soil moisture contents to validate remotely sensed data. Key words: Soil moisture, remote sensing, impedance probe, ground-truth, validation

scholarly journals Interaction soil compaction and soil moisture in physiological responses of freshly planted coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
Samuel Moreira Dias ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Ricardo Siqueira da Silva ◽  
Rita de Cassia Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Fabrício Resende de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil Subsurface

In the field, coffee is subject to the stress of soil compaction and lack of water, which may cause changes in the physiological responses of the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the coffee tree under different soil moisture content and compaction degrees in the soil subsurface. The experimental design was in blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponds to the two wetlands, 50 and 100% of the soil field capacity. The second factor corresponds to 60, 70, 80 and 90% of soil subsurface compaction. The experimental plot consisted of a Coffea arabica L. plant grown on a polyvinyl chloride column. The physiological responses were evaluated at 180 days of planting. The photosynthetic rate, carbon consumption, CO2 concentration in the substamatic chamber, internal carbon / atmospheric carbon ratio, water efficiency and absolute coffee growth rate were influenced by the different compaction degrees and soil moisture content. The transpiration rate and the root weight ratio were influenced only by the humidity, as opposed to the stomatal conductance and the foliar temperature, which were by degrees of compaction. The ratio of root system per soil layer was influenced by compaction degrees and soil depth. The limitation of root growth and lack of water are the main causes of the decrease in physiological responses. Subsurface compaction and water deficit together potentiate the effect negatively on the physiological responses of freshly seeded coffee plants.

scholarly journals The Responses of the Quantitative Characteristics of a Ramet Population of the Ephemeroid Rhizomatous SedgeCarex physodesto the Moisture Content of the Soil in Various Locations on Sand Dunes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Buhailiqiemu Abudureheman ◽  
Huiliang Liu ◽  
Daoyuan Zhang ◽  
Kaiyun Guan ◽  
Yongkuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Underground Biomass

In this study, the soil moisture content was measured, and the quantitative characteristics of this sedge species were compared. The phenotypic plasticity of each parameter and the linear regression relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content was significantly affected by location, soil depth, and sampling date. The aboveground biomass, underground biomass, biomass density, and population density at the peak were significantly higher than elsewhere on the dune. However, the morphological plasticity index of the quantitative characteristics was higher at the base and middle of the dune. When the soil moisture content decreased, the underground biomass and ramet biomass density increased. The aboveground and underground biomasses were strongly negatively correlated, but the ramet height and aboveground biomass were strongly positively correlated. These results indicated that the soil water content significantly affected the clonal growth ofC. physodes. The responsiveness ofC. physodesmay be adaptive when the soil resource supply is low. The strong morphological plasticity of the species appears to be ecologically important for the maintenance and dominance of this species in the dune habitat.

scholarly journals Studying the Effect of Implement of Two Plowing Depths and Manure Mixing with Soil on the Soil Moisture Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Shaker H. Adday ◽  
Kawther A. Hemeed ◽  
Murtadha A. Al-faris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Moldboard Plow

A field experiment was carried out in silty clay soil at Agricultural Research Station of Garmat Ali in order to study the effect of the plowing depths and manure application on soil moisture content at different soil depths (0-10 (d1), 10-20 (d2), 20-30 (d3), 30-40 (d4), 40-50 (d5) and 50-60 cm (d6)) and two periods (after plowing and after harvesting the sunflower crop). The experiment was conducted using an implement of plowing and manure mixing with soil, which consists of two main parts (two moldboard plows and two subsoilers).The implement was designed and manufactured in the Agriculture machines and Equipment Department in 2015. The treatments used in the study were included two levels of manure application (0 and 45.5 ton ha-1) and two plowing depths of moldboard plow (M) with three plowing depths of subsoiler (S). They were 20 cm of moldboard plow with 20, 30 and 40 cm of subsoiler (M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40), and 30 cm of moldboard plow with 10, 20 and 30 cm of subsoiler (M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30). The results showed that the soil moisture content (MC) was significantly decreased with increasing the plowing depths by the moldboard plows and subsoilers especially after soil plowing. While, the MC significantly increased with increasing the soil depth after the plowing and after harvesting the crop. In contrast, mixing the manure with soil at level 45.5 ton ha-1 by the manufactured implement increased the soil moisture content by 10.73% after the plowing and by 2.33% after the harvesting the sunflower crop compared with untreated soil with manure.

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