Rediscussing the Role of Traditional Risk Factors in Young Adults With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined risk factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of oral SCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on co-factors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.

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Role Of Habitual Risk Factors On Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v8i1.38409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Md Abdul Hannan ◽

Mohammad Asifur Rahman ◽

Shakhawat Hossain ◽

Quazi Billur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Betel Quid ◽

Mechanical Irritation

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral malignancy. Betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, smoking, alcohol consumption, mechanical irritation, genetic are the most important risk factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the study was to determine the role of habitual risk factors inOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study for the determination of the risk factors of OSCC over 2 years period of January 2011 to December 2012. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka,National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka and Health and Hope Hospital, Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2012 Results:250 patients, comprising 44% male and 56% female were included in the study. Overall mean age was 55.94±10.93 years. The patients of OSCChavemost common habit of betel quid with tobacco 124(49.6%), then betel quid with tobacco and smoking 49(19.6%), betel quid with tobacco and Gul 19(7.6%), only smoking 13(5.2%), Betel quid without tobacco and smoking 13(5.2%), betel quid without tobacco 12(5.2%), betel quid with tobacco and catechu (Khoir) 4(1.6%), betel quid with tobac- co, smoking and gul 3(1.2%), betel quid without tobacco,smoking and alcohol 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco and gul 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco, smoking and gul 1(0.4%), betel nut chewing 1(0.4%), mechanical irritation but no habit 5(2.0%) and no habitual history 2(0.8%). Conclusion: According to this study betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, gul, smoking are the important risk factors in OSCC.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 29-35

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Evidences Suggesting Involvement of Viruses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Pathology Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/642496 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kanupriya Gupta ◽

Rashmi Metgud

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Oral Neoplasms ◽

Potential Factors

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers and it constitutes a major health problem particularly in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with OSCC with substantial evidences. The etiology of OSCC is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined potential factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of OSCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on cofactors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC. Although a viral association within a subset of OSCC has been shown, the molecular and histopathological characteristics of these tumors have yet to be clearly defined.

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Role of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oncology Reviews ◽

10.4081/oncol.2012.208 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. e21

Author(s):

Rashmi Metgud ◽

Madhusudan Astekar ◽

Meenal Verma ◽

Ashish Sharma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Exact Role ◽

Carcinogenic Effects

The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined risk factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of oral SCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on co-factors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.

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Etiologic factors associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma in non-smokers and non-alcoholic drinkers: a brief approach

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402012000500020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 586-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira ◽

Fernanda Nedel ◽

Adriana Etges ◽

Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes ◽

Cristiane Furuse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world. The effect of some etiological factors is well established in the literature, such as consumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, approximately 15 to 20% of all oral cancer cases occur in patients without the traditional risk factors, reflecting in numerous cases of OSCC in non-smokers and non-alcoholic drinkers. Also, several studies have suggested a possible association between human papillomavirus and OSCC. Under these aspects, the purpose of this study is to address cases of oral cancer in non-smokers and non-drinkers focusing on the role of HPV, thus contributing to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of OSCC. A computer database search was performed using the Pubmed database. The search key words were: epidemiology, oral squamous cell carcinoma, risk factors and human papillomavirus. It is important to assess patients without the potential risk factors, since this knowledge may help identifying other features associated with the occurrence of oral cancer, enabling an appropriate clinical management and monitoring.

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384. Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Outcomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients - with or Without Traditional Risk Factors

European Journal of Surgical Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.357 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 847

Author(s):

D. Jha ◽

N.K. Shukla ◽

S.V.S. Deo ◽

P. Khanna ◽

P. Ramanathan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Clinical Spectrum ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

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Risk factors for distant metastasis in locoregionally controlled oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84704-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hirofumi Tomioka ◽

Yuko Yamagata ◽

Yu Oikawa ◽

Toshimitsu Ohsako ◽

Takuma Kugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Distant Metastasis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Extranodal Extension

AbstractThe control of distant metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma is an important determinant of improved prognosis. The study aimed to identify risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with locoregionally controlled oral carcinoma. We identified 982 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated at our hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. After excluding patients with distant metastasis at initial treatment, patients with metastasis to the oral cavity, those receiving palliative treatment, and those lacking follow-up data, 941 patients were selected. Finally, among these 941 patients, 887 with locoregionally controlled oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. Among the 887 patients, 36 had confirmed distant metastasis (4.1%), and the lung was the most common site (31/36 patients, 86.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible, cervical lymph node metastasis at levels IV and V, and the presence of pathological extranodal extension were significant risk factors for distant metastasis. When treating patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who are positive for the aforementioned risk factors, the possibility of developing distant metastases must be accounted for, and aggressive treatment should be planned accordingly.

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