scholarly journals Cambios fisiológicos y mecanismos genéticos asociados a la marchitez vascular causada por Fusarium en tomate: una revisión actualizada

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-189
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Carmona Gutiérrez ◽  
Andrea Villarreal Navarrete ◽  
Diana Burbano David ◽  
Mauricio Soto Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum

El cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), una de las hortalizas más cultivadas en el mundo, se enfrenta a diferentes patógenos del suelo que afectan su morfología, fisiología, bioquímica y regulación genética de las plantas. El hongo fitopatógeno Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.  lycopersici  (Fol) agente causal de la marchitez vascular del tomate causa pérdidas superiores al 60% en este cultivo. En esta revisión se presentan los mecanismos fisiológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares desarrollados en la interacción tomate – Fol. La co-evolución entre plantas y patógenos ha facilitado el desarrollo de mecanismos de defensa en las plantas que les permite protegerse frente a los efec-tos nocivos de la invasión por parte del patógeno, mientras que los patógenos implementan estrategias para imponerse fren-te a la resistencia de las plantas. Las consecuencias fisiológicas del ataque por Fol incluyen respuestas al déficit hídrico, regulaciones en la conductancia estomática, cambios en la fotosíntesis, así como alteraciones en los contenidos de clorofila y su fluorescencia. Estos cambios pueden ser explicados, en parte, con base en respuestas oxidativas, producción de metabolitos secundarios y activación de vías de señalización hormonales que hacen parte de una compleja red bioquímica activada tras la infección por el patógeno.

scholarly journals The Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 Induces Distinct Responses in Two Closely Related Solanaceae Plants against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Javier Veloso ◽  
José Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Tomato Mutant

The non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 is able to protect Capsicum annuum (pepper) but not in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) against the pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Transcriptomics of the plant during the interaction with Fo47 shows the induction of distinct set of genes in pepper and tomato. The number of differentially expressed (DE) genes in pepper (231 DE genes) is greater than the number of DE genes in tomato (39 DE genes) at 2 days after the treatment with Fo47. Ethylene related genes were present among the DE genes in both plants, and the up-regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes was observed to be triggered during the interaction of both plants with Fo47. The treatment with MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene, an ethylene-competitive inhibitor) reduced the Fo47 protection in pepper against Verticillium dahliae. Intriguingly, Fo47 was able to protect the ethylene-insensitive tomato mutant Never-ripe (Nr) against Verticillium dahliae, but not the tomato wilt type cv Pearson. Overall, ethylene is shown to be an important player in the response to Fo47, but its role depends on the host species.

Molecular aspects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) vascular wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and antagonism by Trichoderma spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Andrea Castillo-Sanmiguel ◽  
Laura Rocío Cortés-Sánchez ◽  
Jovanna Acero-Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The One

<p>Tomato plants (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) are susceptible to the infection by diverse pathogens that cause devastating diseases such as vascular wilt, which causes great losses at the production level. The fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (<em>Fol</em>) is one of the etiologic agents of this disease and its control lies in the use of synthetic chemicals which generate a negative impact in both health and the environment; thus, it is necessary to implement biological control as a healthier and more efficient alternative. The fungus <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. is a favorable option to be employed as a biocontroller against this pathogen thanks to its antagonist mechanisms, determined by metabolic and genetic characteristics. On the one hand, for <em>Fol</em> it is indispensable the activation of signaling routes such as MAPK Fmk1, MAPK Mpk1 y HOG, while <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. uses effectors involved in the interaction with the plant such as proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites that also strengthen its immune response against infection, determined by both Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) and effectors. Therefore, this article makes a review about the mentioned characteristics and suggests a greater application of tools and molecular markers for the management of this disease.</p>

scholarly journals Fontes de resistência múltipla à murcha de fusário em tomateiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Carrer Filho ◽  
Renata Maria Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Duarte Dias ◽  
Leonardo Silva Boiteux ◽  
Érico de Campos Dianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de 48 acessos de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum), inclusive de espécies selvagens, a diferentes isolados das três raças de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Utilizaram-se marcadores moleculares ligados aos genes de resistência I-1, I-2 e I-3. A combinação de bioensaios e marcadores moleculares específicos mostrou elevada correlação para a maioria dos acessos. Acessos de S. peruvianum e S. corneliomuelleri apresentaram resistência contra todas as raças de FOL; a introgressão de fatores de resistência destes genótipos em germoplasma-elite de tomateiro é de elevado interesse para o melhoramento genético desta cultura.

scholarly journals Uji masa simpan pelet Trichoderma harzianum dan kemampuannya dalam menghambat perkembangan penyakit Layu Fusarium pada bibit tomat.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Rizka Musfirah ◽  
Rina Sriwati ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Damping Off

Abstrak. Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang ditanam secara luas di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia, karena memiliki rasa yang khas dan enak, juga memiliki nilai gizi seperti sumber vitamin A dan C yang sangat baik. Produksi tomat mengalami penurunan setiap tahun, salah satunya diakibatkan oleh organisme penganggu tanaman (OPT) yaitu patogen Fusarium oxysporum sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian hayati yaitu menggunakan Trichoderma harzianum dalam bentuk formulasi pelet yang praktis, efektif, dan efesien. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 10 unit bibit tomat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan A (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum  4 minggu), B (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 3 minggu), C (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 2 minggu), D (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 1 minggu), E (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 0 minggu), F (tanpa perlakuan pelet T. harzianum). Peubah yang diamati yaitu pre-emergence damping off, post-emergence damping off, masa inkubasi, persentase tanaman layu, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelet T. harzianum yang disimpan 4 minggu efektif dalam menghambat perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium seperti menunda masa inkubasi sampai 7 HSI, menekan pre-emergence damping off sampai 90%, post-emergence damping off 92,95%, serta mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman sampai 19,63 cm dan meningkatkan jumlah daun rata-rata 7 helai pada 35 HSI. (Storing Period of Trichoderma harzianum Pellets and its ability to Inhibit the development of Fusarium Wilt Disease on Tomato Seeds)Abstract. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown commodities in the world, including Indonesia. It has a distinctively good taste and many nutritional value such as vitamin A and C. However, tomato production has decreased every year. One of the main cause is the attacks by pathogens, named Fusarium oxysporum. A Biological control is necessary and the use of Trichoderma harzianum in the form of pellets is recommended because of its effectiveness, efficiency and practical use. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) non-factorial consisted of 6 treatments with 3 replications, each treatment consisted of 10 units of tomato seedlings. The 6 treatments are named as treatment A (T. harzianum pellet saving 4 weeks), B (T. harzianum pellet saving period 3 weeks), C (shelf life of 2 weeks T. harzianum pellet), D (shelf life of pellet T harzianum 1 week), E (shelf life of pellet T. harzianum 0 weeks), and F (without T. harzianum pellet treatment). The variables observed in this study are pre-emergence damping off, post-emergence damping off, incubation period, the percentage of wilted plants, plant height, and the number of leaves. The results showed that pellets of T. harzianum stored 4 weeks effectively inhibiting the development of fusarium wilt disease such as delaying incubation period up to 7 HSI (Days After Incubation), suppressing the pre-emergence damping off up to 90% and post-emergence damping off to 92.95%, also able to increase the plant height up to 19.63 cm and increase the average leaf number of 7 strands at 35 HSI.

scholarly journals Detecção simultânea de fatores de resistência à murcha de fusário do tomateiro por meio de PCR multiplex

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-932
Author(s):  
Renato Carrer Filho ◽  
Vanessa Duarte Dias ◽  
Renata Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Érico de Campos Dianese ◽  
Leonardo Silva Boiteux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e validar um protocolo de detecção simultânea, via reação em cadeia da polimerase multiplex (PCR multiplex), de regiões genômicas do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum) associadas a fatores de resistência às três raças fisiológicas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Os pares de iniciadores empregados foram SSR-67 (específico para o gene I-1), TFusrr (específico para o gene I-2) e SSRD (específico para o gene I-3). Os resultados de genotipagem com marcadores moleculares foram comparados aos resultados de fenotipagem de uma coleção de germoplasma de tomateiro, em bioensaios de inoculação de isolados das três raças de FOL em plântulas, pelo método de imersão das raízes. A resistência ou a suscetibilidade foi confirmada por PCR, por meio de visualização dos âmplicons específicos para as regiões-alvo ligadas aos fatores de resistência às distintas raças de FOL. O protocolo elaborado para o uso conjunto dos marcadores moleculares, em PCR multiplex, permite a seleção de acessos de tomateiro resistentes às raças 1, 2, e 3 de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici de maneira similar à realizada com a utilização de cada um separadamente. O PCR multiplex representa uma ferramenta viável para monitorar a incorporação desses fatores de resistência em linhagens de tomateiro.

scholarly journals Efeito de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal sobre a produção de tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum) na presença de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jahir Morales Murillo ◽  
Alejandro Echeverry Toro ◽  
Luisa Vásquez Ramírez ◽  
Yacenia Morillo Coronado ◽  
Nelson Ceballos Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum

scholarly journals `Solar Fire' Hybrid Tomato: Fla. 7776 Tomato Breeding Line

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
S.M. Olson ◽  
H.H. Bryan ◽  
J.A. Bartz ◽  
D.N. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Tomato Breeding

`Solar Fire' is a heat-tolerant hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with resistance to all three races of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Sacc. Snyder & Hansen. It has superior fruit-setting ability in comparison with most existing cultivars under high temperatures (>32 °C day/>21 °C night), and the fruit crack less under the rainy field conditions often present in the early fall Florida production season. Fla. 7776 is the pollen parent in `Solar Fire', providing much of the heat tolerance in this hybrid. It has large fruit-providing breeders with a parent to produce heat-tolerant hybrids with two heat-tolerant parents.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Solanum lycopersicum L. (Tomato) Leaves in Alapoti, Ogun State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tolulope S. Ewekeye ◽  
Adegboyega C. Odebode
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Ogun State

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is an essential vegetable crop consumed worldwide. Major limiting factors in its production include fungal foliar diseases. Therefore, this work was aimed at investigating the fungi associated with diseased tomato leaves. Infected leaf samples (3 per plant, 30 plants per farm) of Kerewa variety were randomly collected at the expression of disease symptoms from 3 farms in Alapoti, Ogun State. Samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar for fungal isolation. All isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic features. Pathogenicity test was conducted based on Koch’s postulates. Identified symptoms on the leaf samples were chlorosis, leaf spot and wilt. Fungi isolated from diseased tomato leaves were Aspergillus aculeatus, A. niger, A. tamarii, A. ustus, A. versicolor, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phialophora melinii, Phomopsis sp. and Trichodema asperellum. Fusarium oxysporum and Phomopsis sp. were found to be the causal organisms of the leaf infections. Due to the effect of the leaf diseases of the overall productivity of tomato, it is important to put in place adequate control measures to mitigate the effect of the diseases.

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