Teaching Epidemiologic Concepts as the Scientific Basis for Understanding Problems of Organizing and Evaluating Health Services

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Environmental Medicine ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Individual Medicine

Applications of epidemiologic concepts and methods to health services problems constitute extensions of other successful applications to health and disease problems in populations. Because population medicine is as important as individual medicine for improving and maintaining the health of communities, epidemiology should be regarded as a fundamental science of medicine. Clinical medicine, laboratory medicine, environmental medicine, and population or social medicine should be seen as complementary, not competitive, fields. For administrative medicine and management of health care systems, competence in epidemiology should be regarded as a necessary but not sufficient component of education for this essential branch of medical practice.

Utilization of dental health services by Danish adolescents attending private or public dental health care systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bøge Christensen ◽  
Poul Erik Petersen ◽  
Annelise Bastholm ◽  
Lone Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Dental Health Services ◽  
Dental Health Care ◽  
Care Systems

The Untold Story: How the Health Care Systems in Developing Countries Contribute to Maternal Mortality

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Services Delivery ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Care Systems

This article attempts to put together evidence from maternal mortality studies in developing countries of how an inadequate health care system characterized by misplaced priorities contributes to high maternal mortality rates. Inaccessibility of essential health information to the women most affected, and the physical as well as economic and sociocultural distance separating health services from the vast majority of women, are only part of the problem. Even when the woman reaches a health facility, there are a number of obstacles to her receiving adequate and appropriate care. These are a result of failures in the health services delivery system: the lack of minimal life-saving equipment at the first referral level; the lack of equipment, personnel, and know-how even in referral hospitals; and worst of all, faulty patient management. Prevention of maternal deaths requires fundamental changes not only in resource allocation, but in the very structures of health services delivery. These will have to be fought for as part of a wider struggle for equity and social justice.

scholarly journals The importance of intervening in adult mental health services when patients are parents

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Lauritzen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Care Systems

This article addresses the issue of parental mental illness. The theoretical background and rationale for developing new routines to change clinical practice is described, suggesting a policy change in which a child focus is implemented in adult mental health services. Furthermore, proposed strategies that have the potential of being effective within existing health care systems are discussed.

Countering Moral Hazard in Public and Private Health Care Systems: A Review of Recent Evidence

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Donaldson ◽  
Karen Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Care Systems

ABSTRACTWithin both publicly and privately financed health care Systems different funding mechanisms have evolved, or have been proposed, to deal with the problem of ‘moral hazard’. Moral hazard arises when financial incentives within the health care System lead to either inefficient demands for care by consumers or inefficient supply of care by providers. In this paper the problem of moral hazard is outlined in more detail, and different ways of countering moral hazard are reviewed in terms of three criteria: effect on patient utilisation of health services in general; effect on utilisation by different groups of patients; and effect on health status. It is concluded that evidence on different methods of funding health services can only be judged in the context of objectives. If the objectives of health care delivery are ‘maintenance or improvement of health’ and ‘equal access for equal need’ then charges and finance of care through health maintenance organisations both appear to be less favourable than ‘free’ care at the point of delivery whilst the latter is not necessarily more costly as a resuit. Research on other suggested alternatives is required, otherwise radical changes to health care financing in the UK will simply result in movement from one unproven system to another.

Revisiting Health Regionalization in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Barker ◽  
John Church
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Physician Care ◽  
Regional Health Authorities ◽  
Regional Authorities

Twenty years ago, many of Canada’s provinces began to introduce regional health authorities to address problems with their health care systems. With this action, the provinces sought to achieve advances in community decision-making, the integration of health services, and the provision of care in the home and community. The authorities were also to help restrict health care costs. An assessment of the authorities indicates, however, that over the past two decades they have been unable to meet their objectives. Community representatives continue to play little role in determining the appropriate health services for their regions. Gains have been made towards integrating health services, but the plan for a near seamless set of health services has not been realized. Funding for health services remains focused on hospital and physician care, and health care expenditures have until very recently been little affected by regional authorities. This disappointing performance has caused some provinces to abandon their regional authorities, but this article argues that the provision of greater autonomy and a better public appreciation of their role and potential may lead to more successful regional authorities. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to reveal the shortcomings of regional health authorities in Canada while at the same time arguing that changes can be made to increase the chances of more workable authorities.

Health Portals

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Daniel Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Delivery Of Health Services

A lack of health services has long been the thorn in the side of many communities, especially rural and regional communities. The high costs of treating ever growing chronic and complex conditions in traditional settings, where rural allied health services providers are non-existent and doctors are already overcommitted, are prompting a shift in focus to more efficient technology driven delivery of health services. Moreover, these days it is also increasingly unlikely that health professionals will encounter patients who have not used information technology to influence their health knowledge, health behaviour, perception of symptoms, and illness behaviour. Advances in Internet technologies offer promise towards the development of an e-health care system. This article will postulate whether portal technologies can play a role facilitating the transition to such e-health care systems. This article aims at reviewing the literature to present to the reader the barriers and opportunities out here for effective health portals. However, the article does not intend to provide a one-fits-all technical/content solution, only to make implementers and developers aware of the potential implications.

Preisbildung bei ambulant und stationär erbrachten Gesundheitsleistungen / Pricing of Ambulatory and Stationary Health Services

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Neubauer ◽  
Florian Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health Insurers

SummaryIn all health care systems exists governmental regulation, as the market for health is unanimously regarded as imperfect. The German health care market is a good example for a strongly regulated market in nearly each submarket, partially the determination of prices. Reimbursement of health goods and services is overwhelmingly collectively contracted between the health insurers and healthcare providers. In this article, we begin with the description of central functions of prices in the health care sector and components of reimbursement systems. After the general thoughts follows an overview of the concrete reimbursement reality in Germany’s ambulatory and stationary care. We identify and discuss pro and contra the trend towards single prices for identical health services in all of Germany. Another, in someway opposite, trend is less collective bargaining between health insurers and associations of health providers, which gets increasingly substituted with selective contracting. Another issue we cover is the relationship between price competition and quality competition.

scholarly journals Health care funding in New South Wales: from health care needs to hospital outputs

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Area Health

This paper summarises the structure of the State's health care system, and then focuses on the main processes of resource allocation: needs-based funding of 17 Area Health Services, and output-based funding of specific service providers. The general model is widely accepted by informed observers to be fundamentally sound. In particular, the resource distribution formula whereby needs-based allocations are made is a largely valid model that has been progressively refined over fifteen years and is probably as good as any in the world. I conclude that the recent decision to require Area Health Services to use a common framework for out-put-based funding was long overdue, and that many of its features represent best practice. However, I argue that more shouldbe done to refine some of the details and that NSW Health might need to give more consideration to ideas that have been tested and evaluated in other health care systems.

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